[573] To the Cabinet minute submitting to the Queen the expediency of making the treaty, the dissent of Holland and Clarendon was appended. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 304.

[574] Levant correspondence, Part I. pp. 689-700.

[575] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 426-433; Palmerston to Hobhouse, July 27, 1843.

[576] Metternich, Mémoires, IV. p. 436; Metternich à Apponyi, 4 août, 1840.

[577] Affaires étrangères, 655 Angleterre, Guizot à Thiers, 17 juillet, 1840. Guizot, Mémoires, V. pp. 220-228.

[578] He had been transferred from Constantinople to Paris as secretary of embassy in 1839.

[579] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 315. Levant correspondence, Bulwer to Palmerston, July 20, 1840.

[580] F.O. France 604, Bulwer to Palmerston, July 27, 1840 (most confidential).

[581] Ibid., Granville to Palmerston, August 3, 1840 (confidential).

[582] The Times, July 27, August 1, 3, 1840.

[583] Ibid., August 7, 1840.

[584] Affaires étrangères, 655 Angleterre, Thiers à Guizot (undated, probably, 21 juillet, 1840). Guizot, Mémoires, V. pp. 230-235.

[585] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 329.

[586] Guizot, Mémoires, V. p. 271-272.

[587] Affaires étrangères, 665 Angleterre, Louis Philippe au Roi des Belges, 13 août, 1840.

[588] Affaires étrangères, 655 Angleterre, Bourqueney à Thiers, 8 août, 1840.

[589] Affaires étrangères, 655 Angleterre, Guizot à Thiers, 21, 22 août, 1840. Guizot, Mémoires, V. 278-290.

[590] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 31, 1840.

[591] The Times, October 7, 1840.

[592] Guizot, Mémoires, V. pp. 290-296.

[593] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 5, 8, 1840.

[594] Admiralty (in letters) 5503 Syria, Palmerston to Admiralty, July 16, 17, 23, 1840 (secret).

[595] C. Napier, War in Syria, I. p. 10.

[596] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, December 10, 13, 1839, January 3, February 14, March 5, 17, 1840.

[597] Admiralty (in letters), 5503 Syria, Palmerston to Admiralty, July 25, 1840 (secret).

[598] Levant correspondence, Hodges to Palmerston, July 23, 1840.

[599] Colonel Sèves.

[600] C. Napier, War in Syria, I. pp. 29-49. Admiralty (in letters), 5503 Syria, Napier to Stopford, August 21, 1840.

[601] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 17, 1840.

[602] F.O. Turkey 396, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 19, 1840.

[603] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 22, 1840.

[604] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 7, 1840.

[605] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Guizot, September 9, 1840.

[606] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 160.

[607] T. Raikes’ Journal, IV. p. 43.

[608] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 160.

[609] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, August 31, 1840. Thureau Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, IV. pp. 242-243. The Times, September 1, 1840.

[610] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 39. Letters of Queen Victoria, October 2, 1840 (I. K. Leopold to Queen Victoria).

[611] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 141.

[612] Levant correspondence, Hodges to Palmerston, August 24, 1840.

[613] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 324-327.

[614] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 18, 1840 (private and confidential).

[615] Affaires étrangères, 655 Angleterre, Guizot à Thiers, 20 septembre, 1840. Guizot, Mémoires, V. pp. 317-323.

[616] S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, I. pp. 347-348. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 304.

[617] Vide p. 265.

[618] C. Greville, Journals (2), II. p. 106.

[619] Melbourne Papers, pp. 472-473.

[620] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 310-311, in particular, and Chapters VIII. and IX. in general.

[621] The Times, December 1, 1840.

[622] The Times, December 7, 1840.

[623] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 343-344.

[624] Melbourne Papers, II. p. 479.

[625] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 348.

[626] Melbourne Papers, pp. 467-480. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 312-318.

[627] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 331.

[628] The Princess Royal was born November 21, 1840.

[629] S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, I. pp, 352-353.

[630] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, October 6, 1840.

[631] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 324-327. S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, p. 354. Melbourne Papers, pp. 483-484.

[632] Levant correspondence, Schlemnitz to Palmerston, October 9, 1840; Brunnow to Palmerston, October 12, 1840; Neumann to Palmerston, October 12, 1840.

[633] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, September 10, 14, 1840; Hodges to Palmerston, September 22, 1840.

[634] C. Napier, War in Syria, I. pp. 47-68.

[635] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 49.

[636] Memoirs of H. Reeve, I. p. 130.

[637] Ibid., pp. 122-129.

[638] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 333-334.

[639] Letters of Queen Victoria, Palmerston to the Queen, October 11, 1840.

[640] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, October 2, 1840.

[641] S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, I. pp. 354-357.

[642] Letters of Queen Victoria, Melbourne to the Queen, October 9, 1840.

[643] Levant correspondence, Thiers à Guizot, 3 octobre, 1840.

[644] Ibid., 8 octobre, 1840.

[645] L. Vérnon, Mémoires d’un Bourgeois de Paris, V. p. 27.

[646] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 337. Letters of Queen Victoria, Melbourne to the Queen, October 11, 1840.

[647] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, October 15, 1840; Palmerston to Granville, October 17, 1840.

[648] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, IV. p. 343.

[649] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, October 8, 1840.

[650] F.O. France 606, Granville to Palmerston, October 12, 1840. Levant correspondence, Granville to Palmerston, October 12, 1840.

[651] Admiralty (in letters) 5495, Martin to Stopford, April 26, 1840.

[652] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 14, 1840 (confidential).

[653] Vide p. 217.

[654] F.O. Spain 555, Scott to Palmerston, October 23, 1840 (secret); Aston to Palmerston, November 7, 1840. Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Aston, October 15, 1840. H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 341-343.

[655] Melbourne Papers, p. 487.

[656] Guizot, Mémoires, IV. pp. 400-402. Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, IV. pp. 344-346.

[657] Vide pp. 269-273.

[658] F.O. Sardinia 112, Abercromby to Palmerston, November 28, December 30, 1840. F.O. Sicily 169, Temple to Palmerston, September 16, 1840. Thureau-Dangin, Monarchie et Juillet, IV. pp. 274-275.

[659] F.O. Austria 208, Beauvale to Palmerston, February 2, 5, 1841. F.O. Russia 271, Clanricarde to Palmerston, February 3, 1841.

[660] “Sie sollen ihn nicht haben, den frien deutschen Rhein.”

[661] Metternich, Mémoires, VI. p. 447.

[662] Memoirs of H. Reeve, pp. 134-135. Melbourne Papers, p. 492. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 347-349.

[663] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, November 2, 20, 1840; Granville to Palmerston, November 5, 1840.

[664] Admiralty (in letters) 5503, Syria, Palmerston to Admiralty, October 5, 1840 (secret).

[665] F.O. Turkey 397, Ponsonby to Palmerston, October 7, 1840 (confidential).

[666] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Admiralty, November 14, 1840.

[667] Levant correspondence, Barrow to Leverson, December 15, 1840.

[668] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 16, 1840 (enclosure I.); Napier to Ponsonby, December 14, 1840, “I was led to believe by letters which I had received from different members of the Government that they were most anxious to settle the Eastern question speedily.”

[669] Ibid., Palmerston to Admiralty, December 15, 1840; Palmerston to Ponsonby, December 17, 1840.

[670] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 8, 1840.

[671] Admiralty (in letters) 5504, Syria, II., Stopford to Admiralty, December 10, 1840.

[672] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 16, 23, 1840.

[673] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, October 15, 1840.

[674] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 23, 1840.

[675] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, December 17, 1840.

[676] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, January 10, 13, 1841.

[677] Ibid., Barrow to Backhouse, February 1, 28, 1841.

[678] F.O. Turkey 399, Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 13, 1840. F.O. Austria 208, Beauvale to Palmerston, March 5, 1841. Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, February 21, 1841. Admiralty (in letters) 5504, Syria, II., Backhouse to Admiralty, April 17, 1841.

[679] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, February 14, 15, 1841; Chekib Effendi to Palmerston, March 11, 1841.

[680] Ibid., Granville to Palmerston, December 4, 1840.

[681] F.O. France 607, Granville to Palmerston, November 27, 1840.

[682] Guizot, Mémoires, VI. p. 78.

[683] Vide p. 253.

[684] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, p. 83.

[685] Levant correspondence, Nesselrode to Brunnow, December 10, 22, 1840.

[686] F.O. Russia 271, Clanricarde to Palmerston, January 18, 1841 (confidential).

[687] Ibid., March 9, 1841 (confidential).

[688] F.O. Russia 269, Palmerston to Clanricarde, January 11, 1841.

[689] Among the despatches in vol. 653 Angleterre, is an extract from a letter from M. —— to M. Guizot, dated November 28, 1840; the writer gives the views of Melbourne, Russell and Lansdowne. He also speaks of a conversation with Esterhazy, and talks of an interview of two hours’ duration with Palmerston. The author of this communication was perhaps Ellice. The evidence of Greville’s Journal seems to make it very improbable that he was responsible for it. Nor can the authorship of it be imputed to Reeve.

[690] Guizot, Mémoires, VI. pp. 49-50.

[691] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, January 29, 1841.

[692] F.O. Austria 208, Beauvale to Palmerston, January 17, 1841.

[693] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Bloomfield, December 2, 1840.

[694] Affaires étrangères, 657 Angleterre, Bourqueney à Guizot, 7 janvier, 1841 (confidentielle et réservée).

[695] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, March 16, 1841.

[696] Ibid., Granville to Palmerston, March 12, 15, 1841.

[697] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, March 6, 9, 17, 27, 1841. Guizot, Mémoires, VI. pp. 95-98.

[698] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, April 10, 1841.

[699] Ibid., Palmerston to W. Russell, April 21, 1841.

[700] Ibid., Beauvale to Ponsonby, April 19, 1841; Beauvale to Palmerston, April 22, 1841.

[701] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, March 27, 1841 (enclosures).

[702] F.O. Turkey 427, Palmerston to Ponsonby, January 26, 1841.

[703] Ibid., 433, Ponsonby to Palmerston, April 6, 1841 (confidential).

[704] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, April 10, 1841.

[705] Levant correspondence, Beauvale to Palmerston, April 9, 14, 1841.

[706] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, April 14, 1841.

[707] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, May 12, 26, 1841.

[708] Guizot, Mémoires, VI. pp. 111-112.

[709] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, June 21, 1841.

[710] S. Walpole, History of England from 1815, IV. pp. 334-338.

[711] Memoirs of Henry Reeve, p. 141.

[712] C. Greville’s Journals (2), I, p. 356.

[713] Jarnac, Lord Aberdeen, Revue des Deux Mondes, 15 juillet, 1860.

[714] Vide p. 313.

[715] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 376-383. Guizot, Mémoires, VI. pp. 130-145 and 412-417. In the speech complained of, Palmerston, besides denouncing the alleged cruelties committed by the French army, was so ill-advised as to draw a comparison between the tranquil condition of Afghanistan under a British military occupation and the disturbed state of Algeria. How spurious was the peace of which he boasted was proved, six months later, by the overwhelming disaster which overtook Elphinstone’s army.

[716] Guizot, Mémoires, VI. pp. 220-241.