[860] C. Greville, Journals (2), III. p. 10.

[861] T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. pp. 503-516.

[862] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Bulwer to Palmerston, October 11, 1846.

[863] Ibid., Palmerston to Normanby, September 22, 1846; Palmerston to Bulwer, September 28, 1846.

[864] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Normanby, October 31, 1846, January 8, 1847.

[865] C. Greville, Journals (2), III. p. 48.

[866] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. p. 320.

[867] T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. p. 351. Stockmar, Memoirs, II. p. 156.

[868] Vide p. 335.

[869] Vide p. 343.

[870] Vide p. 370.

[871] Revue retrospective, pp. 52-53. Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Bulwer, October 31, 1846, January 8, 1847.

[872] This, in M. Thiers’ opinion, was Christina’s motive, vide L. Fagan, Life of Sir A. Panizzi, I. p. 228, Thiers to Panizzi, January 17, 1847.

[873] Stockmar, Memoirs, II. pp. 134 and 197.

[874] Revue retrospective, pp. 182-184.

[875] Ibid., pp. 184-185.

[876] F.O. Spain 694, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 22, 1846 (separate and confidential).

[877] Revue retrospective, p. 197.

[878] Ibid., p. 198.

[879] R. Arnaud, Adelaïde d’Orléans, p. 348.

[880] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VI. pp. 220-221.

[881] Letters of Queen Victoria, Aberdeen to Peel, September 8, 1845.

[882] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. pp. 268-276. Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Normanby, September 22, 1846.

[883] Afterwards Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian army in Bohemia in the war with Prussia in 1866.

[884] State Papers, XXXV. pp. 1069-1071.

[885] Metternich, Mémoires, VII. p. 282.

[886] F.O. France 757, Normanby to Palmerston, November 20, 1846.

[887] State Papers, XXXV. pp. 1082-1095.

[888] Thureau-Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, VII. p. 276.

[889] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Abercromby to Palmerston, January 12, 1847. Metternich, Mémoires, VII. pp. 228-245.

[890] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Scarlett to Aberdeen, June 18, 1846; Hamilton to Aberdeen, June 30, 1846.

[891] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Scarlett to Palmerston, April 17, 1847.

[892] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 230-231.

[893] Correspondence relating to affairs of Italy, Cowley to Palmerston, July 17, 31, 1846.

[894] Guizot, Mémoires, VIII. pp. 342-356.

[895] F.O. France 778, Normanby to Palmerston, February 26, 1847 (private and confidential).

[896] The despatches contained in F.O. Spain 720-727 afford abundant evidence of this.

[897] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. pp. 199-200.

[898] Revue Retrospective. His name frequently occurs among those in receipt of secret service money. For his mission to Vienna, he appears to have received 10,000 francs.

[899] Metternich, Mémoires, VIII. pp. 395-404; Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 239-240.

[900] Ibid., pp. 388-404.

[901] Ibid., pp. 404-405 (note), Guizot à Metternich, 7 novembre, 1847, “J’ai appris avec grand plaisir que la santé de Votre Altesse était excellente; J’en fais mon compliment a l’Europe.”

[902] Metternich, Mémoires, VIII. pp. 228-229, Metternich à Buol, 29 mai, 1846.

[903] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Abercromby to Palmerston, June 10, 1847; Hamilton to Palmerston July 20, 1847; Clinton Dawkins to Palmerston, July 17, 1847, Hamilton to Palmerston, July 25, 1847; Palmerston to Ponsonby, September 27, 1847.

[904] Ferrara was in the Papal States, but Austria had the right of garrisoning la place de Ferrare.

[905] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Hamilton to Palmerston, August 14, 1847.

[906] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Abercromby to Palmerston, August 19, 1847.

[907] Ibid., Abercromby to Palmerston, August 24, 1847.

[908] Ibid., Metternich to Diedrichstein, August 2, 1847. In this despatch occurs the famous sentence, “Italy is a geographical expression.”

[909] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847.

[910] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 12, 1847.

[911] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Palmerston to Ponsonby, September 11, 1847.

[912] A secretary of the British legation at Florence resided at Rome, and directed his reports to the minister at Florence.

[913] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Normanby to Palmerston, April 19, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, April 27, 1847; Normanby to Palmerston, April 30, 1847.

[914] T. Martin, Life of the Prince Consort, I. pp. 428-434. Prince Albert’s Memorandum is dated, Ardverikie, August 29, 1847.

[915] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Palmerston to Minto, September 18, 1847.

[916] Guizot, Mémoires, VIII. pp. 434-435.

[917] Correspondence relating to affairs of Switzerland, Cowley to Aberdeen, February 3, 21, 1845; Gordon to Aberdeen, February 19, 1845.

[918] F.O. France 756, Normanby to Palmerston, October 23, 1846 (secret and confidential). Metternich, Mémoires, VII. pp. 178-180.

[919] Metternich, Mémoires, VII. pp. 451-466.

[920] Metternich, Mémoires, VII. pp. 335-336; Metternich à Apponyi, 20 juin, 1847.

[921] G. Grote, Seven letters on the recent politics of Switzerland (originally published in Spectator), London, 1847.

[922] G. Grote, Seven letters on the recent politics of Switzerland, pp. 173 and 181.

[923] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 9, 17, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, August 17, 1847.

[924] Ibid., Minto to Palmerston, October 4, 1847; Peel to Palmerston, October 14, 1847.

[925] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Minto, September 18, 1847.

[926] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier, I. p. 38.

[927] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Morier to Aberdeen, June 4, November 25, 1844.

[928] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier, p. 53.

[929] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Morier to Palmerston, February 18, 1847 (enclosure).

[930] Ibid., Minto to Palmerston, October 4, 1847; Palmerston to Minto, October 22, 1847.

[931] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Peel, October 29, 1847; Peel to Palmerston, November 4, 6, 1847.

[932] Ibid., Guizot à Broglie, 4 novembre, 1847.

[933] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Normanby, November 16, 1847.

[934] Ibid., Normanby to Palmerston, November 18, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, November 19, 1847; Broglie à Guizot, 20 novembre, 1847; Guizot à Broglie, 19 novembre, 1847; Howard to Palmerston, November 21, 1847; Palmerston to Broglie, November 26, 1847; Howard to Palmerston, November 22, 1847; Metternich, Mémoires, VII. pp. 493-502.

[935] F.O. France 783, Normanby to Palmerston, November 6 (cypher), 8, 1847 (private and confidential). Guizot, Mémoires, VIII. pp. 468-502.

[936] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 186-198.

[937] Cambridge Modern History, XI. p. 250.

[938] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier, I. p. 38.

[939] Guizot, Mémoires, VIII. pp. 506-508.

[940] One private letter was certainly written by Palmerston to Peel. It is dated November 17, 1847, marked private, and begins—“My dear Sir.” Peel is asked to ascertain privately, “throwing out the idea as his own,” in what light the Diet would regard the proposal of mediation which Palmerston informs him, in confidence, he has just sent to Paris. He then proceeds to warn him to be on his guard against M. de Bois-le-Comte. “Keep well with him,” he says, “but it is well that you should know he is one of the most artful, cunning and intriguing of the French diplomatists.” (F.O. Switzerland 92).

[941] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 364 (note).

[942] F.O. Switzerland 94, Peel to Palmerston, November 6, 1847.

[943] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to S. Canning, November 27, December 1, 1847.

[944] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Hervey to Palmerston, December 3, 1847.

[945] Ibid., Peel to Palmerston, December 7, 1847; Canning to Palmerston, December 8, 11, 1847.

[946] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Minto to Palmerston, October 29, 1847

[947] Ibid., Minto to Palmerston, October 5, November 9, 1847.

[948] Ibid., Metternich to Diedrichstein, December 14, 1847.

[949] Metternich, Mémoires, VII. p. 476.

[950] Metternich, Mémoires, VII. pp. 513-530.

[951] As a result of the conference at Laybach in 1821 Austria received a mandate to intervene at Naples and to abolish the constitution wrung from Ferdinand. The congress of Verona in 1822 preceded a French intervention in Spain for the purpose of restoring the absolute rule of Ferdinand VII.

[952] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. p. 210.

[953] Guizot, Mémoires, VIII. pp. 513-515. Metternich, Mémoires, VII. pp. 563, 564.

[954] Notably the trial and conviction of MM. Teste and de Cubières, ex-ministers, for fraud in connection with a mining concession and the murder of the Duchesse de Choiseuil-Praslin by her husband. The Duke, a peer of France, took poison in prison. The Duchess was the daughter of Marshal Sébastiani.

[955] F.O. France 781 Normanby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847 (private and confidential).

[956] Stockmar, Memoirs, II. p. 203.

[957] F.O. France 781, Normanby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847 (private and confidential).

[958] E. Regnault, Histoire de huit ans, III. pp. 308-309. Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 232-294.

[959] F.O. France 700, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 23, 1844 (private and confidential). C. Greville, Journals (2), II. p. 267.

[960] L. Fagan, Life of Sir A. Panizzi, I. pp. 253-254.

[961] Letters of Queen Victoria, Palmerston to Melbourne, December 26, 1845.

[962] C. Greville, Journals (2), III. p. 40, also pp. 16-49.

[963] L. Fagan, Life of Sir A. Panizzi, I. pp. 208-248.

[964] E. Regnault, Histoire de huit ans, III. pp. 190-198.

[965] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 115-148.

[966] E. Regnault, Histoire de huit ans, III. p. 304.