A Medieval Sea-going Ship.

But if we would wish to get an insight into the life and conditions on board an English sailing ship of the Middle Ages, we can find no more illuminating information than is contained in a MS. now in the possession of Trinity College, Cambridge. This depicts the troubles and tribulations on board a pilgrim ship of the time of Edward III, written by a contemporary. In explanation of this poem given below, it should be added that the carrying of pilgrims to the shrine of St. James was a regular branch of the shipping trade. In those days no less than in the present century the miseries of sea-sickness and general discomfort associated with sea-travel were a nightmare to the landsman. But this quaint poem, which is the earliest sea-song in existence, so well portrays the life of the seafaring man that it is most probably the composition of a sailor accustomed to pursue his calling on one of these merchant ships. Alternatively the author was a landsman who had kept his eyes and ears open during the voyaging and noted accurately the work on shipboard. The poem begins gloomily enough and describes the getting under way, the hoisting of the ship’s boat, the setting sail, trimming sheets, and the accommodating of the passenger-pilgrims. In spite of the archaic spelling and phraseology it is surprising how modernly this sea-song reads and how truly it seems to depict contemporary ship life.

“Men may leve all gamys
That saylen to Seynt Jamys:
For many a man hit gramys23
When they begyn to sayle.
“For when they have take the see,
At Sandwyche, or at Wynchylsee,
At Brystow, or where that hit bee,
Theyr herts begyn to fayle.
“Anone the mastyr commaundeth fast
To hys shyp-men in all the hast24
To dresse25 hem sone about the mast,
Theyr takelyng to make.
“With ‘howe! hissa!’ then they cry,
‘What, howe! mate, thow stondyst to ny26
Thy fellow may nat hale the by’:
Thus they begyn to crake.27
“A boy or tweyne anone up-styen,28
And overthwart the sayle-yerde lyen:—
‘Y how! taylia!’29 the remenaunt cryen,
And pull with all theyr myght.
“‘Bestowe30 the boote, bote-swayne, anon,
That our pylgryms may pley thereon:
For som ar lyke to cowgh and grone,
Or hit be full mydnyght.’
“‘Hale the bowelyne! now, vere the shete!
Cooke, make redy anoon our mete,
Our pylgryms have no lust to ete,
I pray God yeve hem rest.’
“‘Go to the helm! what, howe! no nere!31
Steward, felow! a pot of bere!’
‘Ye shall have, sir, with good chere,
Anone all of the best.’
“‘Y howe! trussa! hale in the brayles!
Thou halyst nat, be God, thow fayles!32
O se howe well owre good shyp sayles!’
And thus they say among.
“‘Hale in the wartake!’33 ‘Hit shall be done.’
‘Steward! cover the boorde anone,34
And set bred and salt thereone.
And tary nat to long.’
“Then cometh oone and seyth, ‘be mery:
Ye shall have a storme or a pery.’35
‘Holde thow thy pese! thow canst no whery,36
Thow medlyst wondyr sore.’
“Thys menewhyle the pylgryms ly,
And have theyr bowlys fast them by,
And cry aftyr hote malvesy,37
‘Thow helpe for to restore.’
“And som wold have a saltyd tost,
For they myght ete neyther sode ne rost38:
A man myght sone pay for theyr cost,
As for oo day or twayne.
“Some layde theyr bookys on theyr kne,
And rad so long they myght nat se:
‘Allas! myne hede woll cleve on thre,’39
Thus seyth another certayne.
“Then cometh oure owner lyke a lorde,
And speketh many a royall worde,
And dresseth hym to the hygh borde
To see all thyng be well.
“Anone he calleth a carpentere
And biddyth hym bryng with hym hys gere40
To make the cabans here and there,
With many a febyll cell.
“A sak of strawe were there ryght good,
For som must lyg41 them in theyr hood:
I had as lefe be in the wood,
Without mete or drynk.
“For when that we shall go to bedde,
The pumpe was nygh our beddes hede,
A man were as good to be dede,
As smell thereof the stynk.”42