306 (return)
[ See ante, p. 44.—-ED.]

307 (return)
[ The Duke of Clarence, third son of George III.; afterwards William IV.—ED.]

308 (return)
[ “The Jessamy Bride.” See ante, vol. i, p. 111.—ED.]

309 (return)
[ “Observations and Reflections made in the course of a Journey through France, Italy, and Germany,” by published in 1789.]

310 (return)
[ “The Midnight Hour,” a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald, well known as the authoress of “A Simple Story,” and “Nature and Art,” was originally produced at Covent Garden, May 22, 1787. “The Commissary,” a comedy by Samuel Foote, partly taken from “Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,” was first performed at the Haymarket in June, 1765. Mr. Quick and Mrs. Wells were popular comedians of the time.—ED.]

311 (return)
[ In “The Provoked Husband,” by Vanbrugh and Cibber.—ED.]

312 (return)
[ Maria Anne Smythe was born in 1756, and married, in 1775, Edward Weld of Lulworth Castle. He died within a year, and she married, in 1778, Thomas Fitzherbert of Swinnerton, Staffordshire, who died in 1781. In December, 1785, Mrs. Fitzherbert was privately married to the Prince of Wales. The marriage was never publicly recognised, and its legality was perhaps disputable: for by the Act of 1772 the marriage of any member of the Royal family under the age of twenty-five without the king’s consent, was declared invalid, and at the date of his marriage with the beautiful Mrs Fitzherbert, the Prince was but twenty-three years of age. He always treated her as his wife, however, and she was received in society. She continued to live with him even after his marriage with the Princess Caroline, and finally parted from him in 1803, retiring with an allowance of 6,000 pounds a year to Brighton, where she died in 1837.—-ED.]

313 (return)
[ A character in Colman’s comedy of “The Jealous Wife.”— ED.]

314 (return)
[ Sisters—the Italian word.—ED.]

315 (return)
[ Dock is now called Devonport.—ED.]

316 (return)
[ The lady-sculptor, the Hon. Mrs. Damer, daughter of General Conway and kinswoman of Horace Walpole, who bequeathed to her, for the term of her life, his villa at Strawberry Hill. Her performances in sculpture were of no great merit, but were prodigiously admired by Horace Walpole, who had a notorious weakness for the works of persons of quality. Mrs. Damer was a staunch whig, and canvassed Westminster on behalf of Charles Fox at the election of 1784, in company with the Duchess of Devonshire and Mrs. Crewe.—ED.]

317 (return)
[ His late wife, it will be remembered, was a daughter of Lord Ilchester.—ED.]

318 (return)
[ Longleat, in Wiltshire, was never intended for a monastery, but Was built from a design, it is said, by John of Padua, for Sir John Thynne, who was knighted by Somerset on the field, after the battle of Pinkie. Sir John’s descendant, Thomas Thynne, Esq., of Longleat, the wealthy friend of Monmouth, and the “wise Issachar” of Dryden’s “Absalom and Achitophel,” was murdered in his coach in Pall- Mall (February 12, 1682), by the contrivance of Count Koenigsmark, who was tried for the murder and acquitted, although his confederates, the actual perpetrators of the crime, were hanged for it. Thomas Thynne was succeeded in his estates by his cousin, Sir Thomas Thynne, who was the same year created Baron Thynne and Viscount Weymouth, titles which have descended in the family, and to which that of Marquis of Bath has since been added. (See “Count Koenigsmark and Tom of Ten Thousand,” by H. Vizetelly, London, 1890.)—ED.]

319 (return)
[ James Bruce, the famous African traveller, made the acquaintance of the Burney family in 1775. He was about seven feet in height. In her early letters to Mr. Crisp, Fanny calls him the “man- mountain.”—ED.]

320 (return)
[ Sir James Thornhill, the father-in-law of Hogarth.—ED.]

321 (return)
[ “One day, in the month of July, 1789, while finishing the portrait of the Marchioness of Hereford, he felt a sudden decay of sight in his left eye. He laid down the pencil, sat a little while in mute consideration, and never lifted it more. His sight gradually darkened, and within ten weeks of the first attack his left eye was wholly blind.” (Allan Cunningham.) For some time after this he attended to his duties as President of the Royal Academy, and he delivered his last address to the students in 1790. Sir Joshua died in his sixty-ninth year, February 23, 1792—ED.]

322 (return)
[ Wednesday, November 18.—-ED.]

323 (return)
[ Covent Garden.—ED.]

324 (return)
[ A comedy by Reynolds, originally produced at Covent Garden, May 15, 1789.—-ED.]

325 (return)
[ Sir Robert Gunning, the bride’s father.—ED.]

326 (return)
[ Fanny refers to Burke’s attitude during the Regency debates, in which, as a member of the opposition, he had supported Mr. Fox.—ED.]

327 (return)
[ “A Narrative of the mutiny on board his majesty’s ship Bounty; and the subsequent Voyage of part of the Crew, in the ship’s boat, from Tofoa, one of the Friendly Islands, to Timor, a Dutch settlement in the East Indies. Written by Lieutenant William Bligh.” London, 1790. Lieutenant (afterwards Admiral) Bligh was appointed to the command of the Bounty in August, 1787. He sailed from England in December, and arrived at Otaheite, October 26, 1788, the object of his voyage being to transplant the bread fruit tree from the South Sea Islands to the British colonies in the West Indies, with a view to its acclimatisation there. A delay of more than five months at Otaheite demoralized the crew, to whom the dolce farniente of life in a Pacific island, and the Charms of the Otaheitan women, offered greater attractions than the toils of sea-faring under a somewhat tyrannical captain. The Bounty left Otaheite April 4, 1789, and on the 28th of the same month a mutiny broke out under the leadership of the mater’s mate, Fletcher Christian. Captain Bligh and eighteen of his men were set adrift in the ship’s boat, in which they sailed for nearly three months, undergoing terrible privations, and reaching the Dutch settlement at Timor, an island off the east coast of Java, June 14. Bligh arrived in England, March 14, 1790. The mutineers finally settled in Pitcairn’s island, where their descendants are still living.—ED.]

328 (return)
[ See note ante 263, p. 102.—-ED.]

329 (return)
[ Mrs. Piozzi’s youngest daughter, who had accompanied her mother and step-father abroad.—ED.]

330 (return)
[ It appears from a note in the “Memoirs of Dr. Burney” (vol. iii. p. 199), that Fanny had once before met Mrs Piozzi since her marriage, at an assembly at Mrs. Locke’s. This meeting must have taken place Soon after the marriage, as Mrs. Piozzi went abroad with her husband shortly afterwards.—ED.]

331 (return)
[ Fanny’s half-sister.—ED.]

332 (return)
[ An allusion to the personal resemblance between Windham and Hastings. See ante, p. 149.—-ED.]

333 (return)
[ By her “Visions” Fanny apparently means her desire of resigning her place at Court, and her hope of her father’s concurrence.- -ED.]

334 (return)
[ i.e., Attempts to induce him to procure for sundry strangers some acquaintance with his daughter.—ED.]

335 (return)
[ The Comtesse de Bouflers-Rouvrel and, probably, her daughter-in-law, the Comtesse Amélie de Bouflers. Madame de Bouflers- Rouvrel was distinguished in Parisian society as a bel-esbrit, and corresponded for many years with Rousseau. Left a widow in 1764, she became the mistress of the Prince de Conti. Her first visit to England was in 1763, when she was taken by Topham Beauclerk to see Dr. Johnson. She revisited this country at the time of the emigration, but returning to France, was imprisoned by the Revolutionists. The fall of Robespierre (July, 1794) restored her to liberty. Amelie de Bouflers, less fortunate than her mother-in-law, perished by the guillotine, June 27, 1794.—- ED.]

336 (return)
[ But is it possible, sir, that your daughter has no holidays?]

337 (return)
[ Burke’s speech, delivered February 9, in a debate on the army estimates, in which he took occasion to denounce, with great vehemence, the principles and conduct of the French Revolution, which he contrasted, much to its disadvantage, with the English Revolution of 1688. “The French,” he said, “had shown themselves the ablest architects of ruin that had hitherto appeared in the world.” The sentiments uttered by Burke on this occasion delighted the ministerialists and friends of the Court as much as they dismayed his own party. As the debate proceeded he found himself in the strange position of a chief of opposition enduring the compliments of the prime minister and the attacks of Fox and Sheridan, who took a broader and juster view of the great events in France, though condemning equally with Burke the Excesses of the Revolutionists. Fox declared His grief at hearing, “from the lips of a man whom he loved and revered,” Sentiments “so hostile to the general principles of liberty.” This speech of Burke’s may be said to mark the commencement of that disagreement between himself and Fox, which culminated in the total breach of their friendship.—ED.]

338 (return)
[ Dr. Burney was a member of this famous club, having been elected in 1784. Mr. Windham had been a member since 1778.—-ED.]

339 (return)
[ “Reflections on the Revolution in France,” published November 1, 1790. it was received by the public with avidity, and went through eleven editions within a year—ED.]

340 (return)
[ An allusion to the imperious interruption of the marriage of Cecilia, and young Delvile. See “Cecilia,” book vii., ch. 7.—ED.]

341 (return)
[ Some weeks later Fanny has the following allusion to the ball: “The Princess Mary chatted with me over her own adventures on the queen’s birthday, when she first appeared at Court. The history of her dancing at the ball, and the situation of her partner and brother, the Duke of Clarence, she spoke of with a sweet ingenuousness and artless openness which makes her very amiable character. And not a little did I divert her when I related the duke’s visit to our party! ‘O,’ cried she, ‘he told me of it himself the next morning, and said, “You may think how far I was gone, for I kissed the Schwellenberg’s hand!”’”—ED.]

342 (return)
[ “On the evening of Saturday May 15 (1784), he [Dr. Johnson] was in fine spirits at our Essex Head Club. He told us, ‘I dined yesterday at Patrick’s with Mrs. Carter, Miss Hannah More, and Fanny Burney. Three such women are not to be found: I know not where I could find a fourth, except Mrs. Lennox, who is superior to them all.’” (Boswell.) This “occasional sally” cannot, of course, be taken as expressing Johnson’s deliberate opinion of the relative merits of Fanny Burney and Mrs. Lenox. He was an old friend of Charlotte Lenox, and had written in 1752 the dedication for her “Female Quixote,” a novel of singular charm and humour, though scarcely to be placed on a par with “Evelina” or “Cecilia.”—ED.]

343 (return)
[ Fanny’s successor in office.—ED.]

344 (return)
[ The old servant of Mrs. Delany.—ED.]

345 (return)
[ Fanny’s maid.—ED.]

346 (return)
[ The flight of the king and his family from Paris, on the night of June 20-21. They reached Varennes in safety the following night, but were there recognised and stopped, and the next day escorted back to Paris.—ED.]

347 (return)
[ The reader will find in Green’s “History of the English People,” a widely different view of’ the character of Dunstan. But Fanny knew only the old stories, and had, moreover, written a tragedy, “Edwy and Elgiva,” in which Dunstan, in accordance with those old stories, appears as the villain.—ED.]

348 (return)
[ Author of the “New Bath Guide.”—ED.]

349 (return)
[ Henrietta Frances, second daughter of John, first Earl Spencer, and younger sister of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, married Viscount Duncannon in 1780. She died in 1821.—-ED.]

350 (return)
[ Gibbon had good reason for his opinion of the power of Lady Elizabeth’s charms. In 1787, he met her at Lausanne, a young widow of twenty-eight, and found her allurements so irresistible that he proposed marriage to her, and was rejected.—ED.]

352 (return)
[ In the “Memoirs of Dr. Burney,” Fanny writes in more detail of this her last visit to Sir Joshua. “He was still more deeply depressed; though Miss Palmer good-humouredly drew a smile from him, by gaily exclaiming, ‘Do, pray, now, uncle, ask Miss Burney to write another book directly! for we have almost finished Cecilia again—and this is our sixth reading of it!’”]

“The little occupation, Miss Palmer said, of which Sir joshua was then capable, was carefully dusting the paintings in his picture gallery, and placing them in different points of view.

“This passed at the conclusion of 1791; on the February of the following year, this friend, equally amiable and eminent, was no more!” (Memoirs, vol. iii. p. 144).—ED.]

353 (return)
[ The wife of Sir Lucas Pepys.—ED.]

354 (return)
[ Afterwards Lord Ellenborough: the leading counsel for Hastings.—ED.]

355 (return)
[ February 23, 1792.—-ED.]

356 (return)
[ The greater part of Sir joshua’s large fortune was left to his unmarried niece, Mary Palmer. Considerable legacies were left to his niece, Mrs. Gwatkin (Offy Palmer), and to his friend Edmund Burke. In addition to these legacies, his will provided for a number of small bequests, including one of a thousand pounds to his old servant, Ralph Kirkley. In the following summer Mary Palmer married the Earl of Inchiquin, afterwards Marquis of Thomond. “He is sixty-nine,” Fanny writes about that time of Lord Inchiquin; “but they say he is remarkably pleasing in his manners, and soft and amiable in his disposition.”—ED.]

357 (return)
[ He was buried in the crypt of St. Paul’s Cathedral, near the tomb of Sir Christopher Wren.—ED.]

358 (return)
[ The recent proclamation by the Government against the publication and sale of seditious writings. The “new associates” were members of the societies of sympathisers with the principles of the French Revolution, which, under such titles as “Friends of the People.” “Corresponding Society,” etc., were now spreading all over England.—ED.]

359 (return)
[ The revolutionary clubs of Paris, the Jacobins’ Club in particular, gradually acquired such power as enabled them to overawe the Legislative Assembly, and even, at a later date, the Convention itself. Their influence only ceased with the overthrow and death of their leader, Robespièrre, in 1794.—ED.]

360 (return)
[ The wife and eldest daughter of Arthur Young, the well- known writer on agriculture. Mrs. Young was the sister of Dr. Burney’s second Wife.—ED.]

361 (return)
[ “Madame de Genlis’s husband, the Count de Genlis, had become Marquis of Sillery by the death of his elder brother. He was a Revolutionist and member of the Girondin party: one of the twenty-two Girondins who perished by the guillotine, October 31, 1793. Madame de Genlis (or Brulard) had come to England in October, 1791, with her young pupil, Mlle. d’Orléans (Egalité), the daughter of Philippe Egalité, Duke of Orleans, whose physicians had ordered her to take the waters at Bath. They remained in England until November, 1792, when they were recalled to Paris by Egalité. Arriving there, they found themselves proscribed as emigrants, and obliged to quit Paris within eight-and-forty hours. They then took refuge in Flanders, and settled at Tournay where Pamela was married to Lord Edward Fitzgerald, subsequently one of the leaders in the Irish Rebellion of 1798. In Flanders Madame de Genlis enjoyed the protection of General Dumontiez, but when he became suspected, with too good reason, by the Convention, she was obliged again to take flight, and found safety at last with Mlle. d’Orléans, in Switzerland.”

Pamela was the adopted daughter of Madame de Genlis; some said her actual daughter by the Duke of Orleans; but this is at least doubtful. “Circe,” or “Henrietta Circe,” as Fanny afterwards calls her, was Madame de Genlis’s niece, Henriette de Sercey (!), who subsequently married a rich merchant of Hamburg.—ED. VOL. 11.]

362 (return)
[ “Is it possible? Am I so happy? Do I see my dear Miss Burney?”—ED.]

363 (return)
[ Earl Macartney was sent as ambassador to China in 1793, for the purpose of concluding a commercial treaty with that power. He was unsuccessful, however, and, after spending some months in China, the embassy returned to England.—ED.]

364 (return)
[ “Miss French, a lively niece of Mr. Burke’s.” (.Memoirs of Dr. Burney, vol. iii, p. 157.)—ED.]

365 (return)
[ Burke was, of course, mistaken. When Wycherley died, at seventy-five (December, 1715), Mary Granville (afterwards Mrs. Delany) was in her sixteenth year. Wycherley, it is true, married a young wife on his deathbed, but it is certain that this was not Mary Granville; indeed, if Pope’s account, given in Spence’s “Anecdotes,” may be trusted, it was a woman of very different character.—ED.]

366 (return)
[ Alexander Wedderburn, afterwards Lord Loughborough, was born in or near Edinburgh in 1733. He attained distinction at the bar, and entered Parliament early in the reign of George III. As a politician he was equally notorious for his skill in debate and his want of public principle. Previously a member of the opposition, he ratted to the Government in 1771, and was rewarded by Lord North with the Solicitor- Generalship. He defended Lord Clive in 1773. When Thurlow became Lord Chancellor (in 1778), Wedderburn succeeded him in the office of Attorney-General. In 1786 he was made Chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and called to the House of Peers by the title of Baron Loughborough. After this we find him acting as a follower of Charles Fox, and leader of the Whig party in the House of Lords. He supported Fox’s views on the Regency question in 1788-9, but when the split in the Whig party on the subject of the French Revolution took place, Loughborough, like Burke, gave his support to the government. In January, 1793, he obtained the long coveted post of Lord Chancellor. He died January 1, 1805. A story goes that when the news of Loughborough’s death was brought to George III., “his majesty was graciously pleased to exclaim, ‘Then he has not left a greater knave behind him in my dominions.’” (Campbell’s “Lives of the Chancellors,” vol. vi., p. 334.)- -ED.]

367 (return)
[ Thomas Erskine (born 1750, died 1823), If less eminent in the law, was a far more respectable politician than Loughborough, although his parliamentary career was by no means so brilliant. He was a consistent Whig, with the courage of his convictions. He lost his post of Attorney-General to the Prince of Wales through his defence of Thomas Paine, author of the famous “Rights of Man,” in December, 1792. Fired by the example of the French Revolutionists, the friends of liberty in England were, about this time, everywhere forming themselves into political associations, for the purpose of promoting Parliamentary reform, and generally “spreading the principles of freedom.” By the government these societies were regarded as seditious. Erskine was a member of one or more of these associations, and one of his most brilliant triumphs at the bar was connected with the prosecution by government (October, 1794), of Hardy Thelwall and Horne Tooke for high treason, as members of one of these supposed seditious societies. The prisoners were defended by Erskine and acquitted. Erskine became Lord Chancellor in 1806 after the death of Pitt.—ED.]

368 (return)
[ On his own admission Erskine was a member of the Society of Friends of the People about the end of 1792—ED.]

369 (return)
[ With all his talents Erskine was always noted for his inordinate vanity.—ED.]

370 (return)
[ The famous Lord Chief justice. He died in 1793, aged eighty-eight years.—ED.]

371 (return)
[ Alderman Boydell’s celebrated “Shakspeare Gallery” in Pall Mall, contained paintings illustrative of Shakspeare by Reynolds, Romney, Fuseli, and many others of the most distinguished painters of the day. The entire collection, comprising one hundred and seventy works, was sold by auction by Christie, in May, 1805.—-ED.]