TABLE OF HARDNESS AND
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
| |
| |
HARDNESS. |
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY. |
| Achroite |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| Alexandrite |
8.5 | | |
3.65 | — | 3.8 |
| Almandine |
7.5 | | |
4. | — | 4.2 |
| Almandite |
7.5 | | |
4. | — | 4.2 |
| Amber |
2. | — | 2.5 |
1.065 | — | 1.08 |
| Apatite |
4.5 | — | 5. |
2.95 | — | 3.25 |
| Axinite |
6.5 | — | 7. |
3. | — | 3.3 |
| Beryl |
7.5 | — | 8. |
2.67 | — | 2.73 |
| Bobrowska garnet |
6. | | |
3.85 | | |
| Bohemian" |
7.5 | | |
3.69 | — | 3.78 |
| Brazilian emerald |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| " sapphire |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| Cachelong |
5.5 | — | 6. |
2. | — | 2.1 |
| Cat’s-eye |
8.5 | | |
3. | — | 3.8 |
| Ceylon chrysolite |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| "peridot |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| Chrysoberyl |
8.5 | | |
3.65 | — | 3.8 |
| Chrysolite |
6.5 | — | 7. |
3.3 | — | 3.5 |
| Chrysoprase |
7. | | |
2.56 | | |
| Cinnamon stone |
6.5 | | |
3.5 | — | 3.56 |
| Cyanite |
5. | — | 7. |
3.45 | — | 3.7 |
| Cymophane |
8.5 | | |
3.65 | — | 3.8 |
| Demantoide |
6. | | |
3.85 | | |
| Diamond |
10. | | |
3.5 | — | 3.6 |
| Dichroite |
7. | — | 7.5 |
2.56 | — | 2.67 |
| Diopside |
5. | — | 6. |
2.9 | — | 3.5 |
| Emerald |
7.5 | — | 8. |
2.67 | — | 2.73 |
| Epidote |
6. | — | 7. |
3.32 | — | 3.50 |
| Essonite |
6.5 | | |
3.5 | — | 3.56 |
| Euclase |
7.5 | | |
3.1 | |
|
| Fluor spar |
4. | | |
3.1 | — | 3.2 |
| Garnet |
5. | — | 8. |
3.15 | — | 4.3 |
| Grossularite |
6.5 | | |
3.5 | — | 3.56 |
| Hematite |
5.6 | — | 6.5 |
4.2 | — | 5.3 |
| Hiddenite |
6.5 | — | 7. |
3.13 | — | 3.19 |
| Hyacinth |
7.5 | | |
4.4 | — | 4.7 |
| Hydrophane |
5.5 | — | 6. |
2. | — | 2.1 |
| Hypersthene |
6. | | |
3.3 | — | 3.4 |
| Idocrase |
6.5 | | |
3.35 | — | 3.45 |
| Indicolite |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| Jacinth |
7.5 | | |
4.4 | — | 4.7 |
| Jargoon |
7.5 | | |
4.4 | — | 4.7 |
| Jasper |
7. | | |
2.31 | — | 2.67 |
| Jet |
2.5 | | |
1.35 | | |
| Labrador |
6. | | |
2.62 | — | 2.76 |
| "hornblende |
6. | | |
3.3 | — | 3.4 |
| Lapis lazuli |
5. | — | 5.5 |
2.38 | — | 2.42 |
| Malachite |
3.5 | — | 4. |
3.6 | — | 4. |
| Moonstone |
6. | — | 6.5 |
2.4 | — | 2.6 |
| Obsidian |
6. | — | 7. |
2.25 | — | 2.8 |
| Olivine |
6.5 | — | 7. |
3.3 | — | 3.5 |
| Opal |
5.5 | — | 6. |
2. | — | 2.1 |
| Oriental amethyst |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " aquamarine |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " chrysolite |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " emerald |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " hyacinth |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " topaz |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| Pearl |
| | |
2.5 | — | 2.7 |
| Peridot |
6.5 | — | 7. |
3.3 | — | 3.5 |
| Phenacite |
7.5 | — | 8. |
2.96 | — | 3. |
| Pyrope |
7.5 | | |
3.69 | — | 3.78 |
| Quartz |
7. | | |
2.5 | — | 2.8 |
| " cat’s-eye |
6. | — | 6.5 |
2.65 | | |
| Rose quartz |
7. | | |
2.65 | — | 2.75 |
| Rubellite |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| Ruby |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " cat’s-eye |
9. | | |
3.9 | — |
4.1 |
| Sapphire |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " cat’s-eye |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| Siberite |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| Sphene |
5. | — | 5.5 |
3.4 | — | 3.56 |
| Spinel |
8. | | |
3.5 | — | 3.6 |
| Spodumene |
6.5 | — | 7. |
3.13 | — | 3.19 |
| Star ruby |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " sapphire |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| " topaz |
9. | | |
3.9 | — | 4.1 |
| Sunstone |
6. | — | 7. |
2.56 | — | 2.72 |
| Syrian garnet |
7.5 | | |
4. | — | 4.42 |
| Titanite |
5. | — | 5.5 |
3.4 | — | 3.56 |
| Topaz |
8. | | |
3.4 | — | 3.6 |
| Tourmaline |
7. | — | 7.5 |
3. | — | 3.1 |
| Turquois |
6. | | |
2.6 | — | 2.8 |
| Uwarowite |
7.5 | | |
3.41 | — | 3.52 |
| Vesuvianite |
6.5 | | |
3.35 | — | 3.45 |
| Water sapphire |
7. | — | 7.5 |
2.56 | — | 2.67 |
| |
- Achroite, 64
- Actinolite, 29
- Adularia, see moonstone
- Agate jasper, 120
- Agate onyx, see onyx
- Agate, see quartz, 106, 119,
122,
123, 124, 126
- Alexandrite, 8, 54, 56
- Almandine, 9, 30, 80
- Almandite, 29, 80
- Amazon stone, 17, 88, 91
- Amber, 17, 128
- American ruby, 80, 83
- Amethyst, 8, 9, 16,
17, 44, 49,
107, 110, 111
- Amethystine quartz, see amethyst
- Antimony, 29
- Apatite, 19, 87
- Aquamarine, 8, 16, 53
- Aquamarine chrysolite, 53
- Arizona ruby, 80, 83
- Asterias, see star sapphires
- Aurora red sapphire, see Oriental hyacinth
- Avanturine, 113, 114
- Avanturine felspar, see sunstone
- Axinite, 17, 102
- Balas ruby, 48
- Banded agate, 119
- Beckite, 120
- Beryl, 14, 16, 17,
44, 50, 52,
53, 87
- Blood-stone, see heliotrope
- "see hematite
- Bobrowska garnet, 80, 83
- Bohemian garnet, 80 82
- "diamond, see rock-crystal
- "topaz, see yellow quartz
- Bone turquois, 62
- Bort, 38
- Brazilian aquamarine, 85
- "emerald, 64, 67
- "ruby, 85
- "sapphire, 85
- "topaz, see topaz
- Bronzite, 30
- Cachelong, 69, 70
- Cairngorm, 107, 111
- Calcite, 19
- Cameo, 8
- Cannel coal, see jet
- Cape garnet, 80, 83
- Cape ruby, 80, 83
- Carbon, 37
- Carbonate, see carbon
- Carbuncle, 80 83
- Carnelian, 17, 113, 123,
124
- "onyx, 122
- Cat’s-eye, corundum, 8, 54, 57,
115, 116
- "quartz, 18, 58,
107, 113,
114, 115
- Ceylon cat’s-eye, see corundum cat’s-eye
- "chrysolite, 64, 79
- "opal, see moonstone
- "peridot, 64
- Ceylonite, 47
- Chalcedonyx, see chalcedony
- Chalcedony, 8, 9, 16,
17, 113, 118,
119, 120, 122,
124
- Chrysoberyl, 16, 17, 45,
54, 56, 57,
79
- Chrysolite, 17, 30, 53,
58, 78, 87,
99, 107
- Chrysoprase, 17, 107, 113,
117
- Cinnamon stone, see grossularite
- Cleavage, 10
- Cloudy agate, 120
- "chalcedony, see chalcedony
- Colors, 16
- Coral, 130
- Cordierite, see dichroite
- Corundum, 9, 17, 39,
45, 47, 48,
49
- Crocidolite, 5, 18, 113,
115
- Crystallization, 10
- Cutting, 32
- Cyanite, 17, 92
- Cymophane, 54, 56, 57
- Decimal system, 28
- Demantoide, see Bobrowska garnet
- Diamond, 9, 11, 12,
14, 15, 17,
18, 20, 31,
32, 33, 35,
- 40, 41, 49,
51, 52, 60,
75, 101, 109
- Dichroiscope, 14
- Dichroite, 97
- Diopside, 103
- Egyptian jasper, 123
- "pebbles, see Egyptian jasper
- Electricity, 31
- Emerald, 8, 9, 16,
17, 18, 31,
44, 51, 87,
95, 107
- Epidote, 17, 101
- Essonite, see grossularite
- Euclase, 99
- Eye agate, 119
- False emerald, see fluor spar
- " lapis, 124
- " ruby, see fluor spar
- " topaz, see fluor spar and yellow quartz
- Fancy sapphires, 44
- Felspar, 20, 88,
91
- Fish-eye, see moonstone
- Flint, 113
- Fluor spar, 17, 19, 31,
104
- Fortification agate, 119
- Fossil turquois, 63
- Fracture, 11
- Fusibility, 28
- Garnet, 12, 14, 15,
17, 21, 32,
42, 53, 64,
80, 107
- Girasol, 46
- Glass, 15
- Golden beryl, 54
- Goldstone, see avanturine
- Goutte d’eau, 85
- Green felspar, see Amazon stone
- " garnet, 80, 99
- " sapphire, see Oriental emerald
- Greenish-yellow sapphire, see Oriental chrysolite
- Grossularite, 30, 80, 82
- Hair-stone, see cairngorm
- Heliotrope, 113, 116, 118, 120
- Hematite, 18, 124
- Hiddenite, 95
- Hornstone, 113
- Hungarian cat’s-eye, see quartz cat’s-eye
- Hyacinth, 42, 58, 59
- Hydrophane, 69, 70
- Hypersthene, 105
- Iceland lava, see obsidian
- " spar, 14
- Idocrase, 17, 98
- Indian topaz, see yellow quartz
- Indicolite, 64, 67
- Intaglio, 8
- Iolite, see dichroite
- Iridescent quartz, see rose quartz
- Jacinth, 58, 59, 82
- Jargoon, 58, 59
- Jasper, 17, 106, 113,
123, 124
- Jet, 16, 128
- Labrador, 16, 88,
91
- "hornblende, see hypersthene
- Labradorite, see Labrador
- Labrador spar, see Labrador
- Lake George diamond, see rock-crystal
- Lapis lazuli, 17, 93,
124
- Lava, see obsidian
- Light-green sapphire, see Oriental aquamarine
- Love arrows, see cairngorm
- Lustre, 17
- Magnetism, 30
- Malachite, 17, 127
- Mica, 11
- Mineral turquois, 61, 62
- Mocha agate, 120
- Moonstone, 17, 38, 89,
91, 109, 112
- Moss agate, 120
- Mother of emerald, see prase
- Natrolite, 29
- Needle-stone, see cairngorm
- Nicolo, 124
- Obsidian, 10, 16,
125
- Occidental cat’s-eye, see quartz cat’s-eye
- "diamond, see rock-crystal
- "topaz, see yellow quartz
- "turquois, 62
- Odontolite, 17, 62
- Œil de bœuf, see Labrador
- Oligoclase, see sunstone
- Olivine, 17, 18, 53, 78, 84
- Onyx, 8, 106, 107,
113, 120, 124
- Opal, 8, 9, 10,
16, 17, 18,
30, 69, 100,
102, 107
- "common, see opal
- "fire," "
- "noble, " "
- Opaline felspar, see Labrador
- Oriental amethyst, 39, 44
- " aquamarine, 39, 44
- " chrysolite, 39, 44; see also chrysoberyl
- " emerald, 39, 44, 51
- " hyacinth, 39, 44
- " opal, see opal
- " topaz, 39, 44, 87
- " turquois, 61
- Orthoclase, 29, 87
- Orthose, see moonstone
- Ox-eye, see Labrador
- Pearl, 71
- " baroque, 74
- " black, 73, 124
- " bouton, 74
- " pink, 77
- Pebble diamond, see rock-crystal
- Peridot, 16, 78
- Persian turquois, 62
- Phenacite, 101
- Phosphorescence, 31
- Plasma, 113, 118
- Pleiochroism, 14
- Pleonast, 47
- Polarization of light, 13
- Polishing, 32
- Prase, 17, 113, 117,
118
- Precious schorl, see tourmaline
- Purple sapphire, see Oriental amethyst
- Pyrope, 30, 80, 82
- Quartz, 9, 16, 20,
22, 42, 50,
106, 123
- " cat’s-eye, see cat’s-eye quartz
- Rainbow agate, 119
- " quartz, 112
- Reconstructed rubies, 43
- "turquois, 64
- Red quartz, see quartz
- " sapphire, see ruby
- Refraction, 12
- Rhinestone, see rock-crystal
- Ribbon agate, 119
- Rock-crystal, 17, 38, 91, 109, 112
- " salt, 11, 19
- Rose quartz, 17, 113
- Rose topaz, see topaz
- Royal agate, see obsidian
- Rubellite, 64, 65
- Rubicelle, 48
- Ruby, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 21,
26, 32, 37,
39, 40, 53,
64, 107
- Ruby, cat’s-eye, 39, 46
- " spinel, see spinel
- Saganite, see cairngorm
- Saphir d’eau, see dichroite
- Sappare, see cyanite
- Sapphire, 16, 17, 20,
21, 37, 38,
39, 41, 42,
43, 51, 52, 93, 98
- Sapphire, cat’s-eye, 39, 46
- Sapphirine, 48, see false lapis
- Sard, 121, 122
- Sardoine, see sard
- Sardonyx, 121, 122
- Saxony topaz, 85
- Siberian aquamarine, 53
- " topaz, 85
- Siberite, 64
- Siderite, see false lapis
- Silicified coral shells, see beckite
- " wood, 120
- Slave’s diamond, see topaz
- Smoky-quartz, see cairngorm
- "topaz, 16, 17
- Spanish topaz, see yellow quartz
- Specific gravity, 21
- Sphene, 100
- Spinel, 12, 14, 15,
17, 18, 21,
42, 46
- Spodumene, 95, 96
- Star ruby, 39, 45
- Star sapphire, 39, 45
- " topaz, 39, 45
- Streak, 18
- Sunstone, 46, 88, 89,
90
- Syrian garnet, 80
- Talc, 19
- Titanite, see sphene
- Tiger-eye, see crocidolite
- Topaz, 8, 9, 16,
17, 20, 31,
32, 38,
- 42, 49, 50,
58, 84, 107, 111
- Tourmaline, 13, 16, 17,
21, 32, 42,
53, 64, 107
- Transparency, 30
- Tree agate, see Mocha agate
- Turquois, 9, 10, 17,
18, 30, 60,
107
- Uwarowite, 80, 83
- Venus hair-stone, see cairngorm
- Vermeille, 80, 83
- Vesuvianite, see idocrase
- Volcanic glass, see obsidian
- " lava, " "
- Water opal, see moonstone
- " sapphire, see dichroite
- Weight, 27
- White spinel, see spinel
- Wood agate, 120
- " opal, 120
- Yellow quartz, 111
- " sapphire, see Oriental topaz
- Zircon, 9, 16, 17,
18, 38, 49,
58