1036 We adopt Sillig’s suggestion, and read “nimborum altrice,” the word “imperatrice” being evidently out of place. The climate of Italy seems to have changed very materially since his day.

1037 See B. ii. c. 51.

1038 See B. ix. c. 79.

1039 “Organo.”

1040 See B. xxiv. c. 102.

1041 We agree with Pintianus that the name of some plant here has been lost, the word “condiendis” making no sense.

1042 See B. xxiv. c. 102.

1043 Some plant as fictitious as the others here mentioned.

1044 See B xxx. c. 1.

1045 See B. xxiv. c. 102.

1046 See B. iii. c. 9.

1047 In B. xxiv. c. 102.

1048 In B. xxix. c. 5.

1049 See B. xxi. c. 68.

1050 See B. xx. c. 85.

1051 “Flos visci.”

1052 See c. 39 of this Book.

1053 Identified by Fée with the Marchantia polymorpha of Linnæus, Common Marchantia, or Fountain liverwort, the male plant.

1054 Identified by Fée with the Marchantia stellata, Star-headed Marchantia, or Female fountain liverwort. Desfontaines takes it to be either the Marchantia conica, or the Peltidea canina. It must be remembered that the Marchantia is not a Lichen in the modern acceptation of the word, and that our Lichens are destitute of stem. Littré identifies it with the Lecanora parella.

1055 See B. xiii. c. 43.

1056 See B. xxv. c. 56.

1057 See B. xxv. c. 70.

1058 See B. xxvii. c. 104.

1059 See B. ix. c. 42.

1060 See B. xxv. c. 73.

1061 Fée remarks that none of the plants here mentioned are of any utility for the cure of scrofula.

1062 See B. xxv. c. 50.

1063 See B. xxv. c. 66.

1064 See B. xxv. c. 36.

1065 See B. xxv. c. 94.

1066 See B. xxv. c. 19, where our author has confused the Achillea with the Sideritis; also c. 15, where he describes the Heraclion siderion. Fée identifies the Sideritis mentioned in B. xxv. c. 19, as having a square stem and leaves like those of the quercus, with the Stachys heraclea of modern botany. That mentioned in the same Chapter, as having a fetid smell, he identifies with the Phellandrium mutellina of Linnæus. The large-leaved Sideritis is, no doubt, the one mentioned as having leaves like those of the quereus. See the Note to B. xxv. c. 19.

1067 In B. xxi. c. 83, and B. xxv. c. 119.

1068 See B. xxv. c. 77.

1069 Probably the Bellis perennis of Linnæus, the Common daisy. Fée remarks, that it was probably unknown to the Greeks.

1070 See B. xxv. c. 36.

1071 Identified by Sprengel and Desfontaines with the Saponaria vaccaria, the Perfoliate soapwort. Other commentators have suggested the Valeriana rubra, but Fée thinks that its synonym has not been hitherto discovered.

1072 See B. xxv. c. 11.

1073 See B. xxv. c. 27.

1074 See B. xxv. c. 66.

1075 See B. xxv. c. 70.

1076 See B. xxv. c. 100.

1077 See B. xxv. c. 64.

1078 See B. xxii. c. 11, and B. xxv. c. 43. Our Liquorice probably, which, Fée remarks, as also figs and hyssop, has maintained its ancient reputation as a pectoral.

1079 See B. xxv. c. 73.

1080 See B. xxv. c. 85.

1081 See B. xxiv. c. 85.

1082 “Aquileges.”

1083 See B. xxiv. c. 85.

1084 Dried bechion, or coltsfoot, is still smoked by some persons for affections of the chest.

1085 Generally identified with the Phlomos, or Verbascum lychnitis mentioned in B. xxv. c. 74.

1086 “Sage.” See B. xxv. c. 73.

1087 See B. ix. c. 43, and B. xxxii. c. 53.

1088 See B. xxv. c. 73.

1089 See B. xx. c. 27.

1090 See R. xviii. c. 29. Fée observes that none of these prescriptions would be countenanced at the present day.

1091 See B. xxv. c. 54.

1092 See B. xxv. c. 37.

1093 See B. xxv. c. 70.

1094 See B. xxv. c. 90.

1095 See B. xxv. c. 101.

1096 See B. xxv. c. 102.

1097 Possibly the same plant as the “Moly” of B. xxv. c. 8. If so, as Fée says, it would appear to belong to the genus Allium, or garlic.

1098 See B. xxv. c. 84.

1099 See B. xxv. c. 68.

1100 See introduction to Vol. III.

1101 See B. xii. c. 28. Fée says that none of these so-called remedies would now be recognised.

1102 See B. xxv. c. 20.

1103 See B. xxv. c. 92.

1104 See B. xxv. c. 99.

1105 See B. xxv. c. 100.

1106 See B. xxv. c. 64.

1107 Probably the Equisetum silvaticum of Linnæus, our Wild horse-tail. He is in error in saying that it climbs the trunks of trees; a mistake also made by Dioscorides, B. iv. c. 46, who calls it “hippuris.” It is said by some to be a strong diuretic. Littré, however, gives as its synonym the Ephedra fragilis of Linnæus.

1108 The Geum urbanum of Linnæus, the Common avens, or herb bennet. It was probably unknown to the Greeks.

1109 Its root has a smell like that of cloves, for which reason it is sometimes known as “Caryophyllata.”

1110 In B. xxv. c. 48.

1111 Sprengel identifies it with the Plumbago of B. xxv. c. 22. Fée is not of that opinion, and agrees with Matthioli in considering it to be the Aster tripolium of Linnæus, the Sea starwort. Littré gives the Statice limonium of Linnæus.

1112 See B. xx. c. 25.

1113 In B. xxi. c. 21.

1114 Sprengel and Desfontaines identify it with the Amaranthus tricolor; Fée is strongly of opinion that it has not been correctly identified.

1115 Clusius and Sprengel identify it with the Lychnis silvestris of Linnæus, the Wild lychnis or Viscous catchfly. Fée considers it to be unknown, but of the two, would prefer the Lychnis dioica of Linnæus, the White lychnis, or White campion.

1116 C. Bauhin identifies it with the Valeriana locusta of Linnæus, Corn valerian, Corn-salad, or Lamb’s lettuce. Fée considers its identity as still unknown.

1117 See B. xviii. c. 10.

1118 Perhaps the same as the Limonium of B. xxv. c. 61.

1119 See B. xxii. c. 42; one of the Sonchi, probably, which, contain a milky juice. Littré gives the Sonchus palustris of Linnæus.

1120 See B. xxv. c. 64.

1121 The Betonica officinalis of Linnæus.

1122 Either the Asplenium ceterach of Linnæus, Spleenwort, Ceterach, or Miltwaste, or the A. hemionitis of Linnæus, Mule’s fern. See B. xxvii. c. 17.

1123 See B. xxv. c. 54.

1124 See B. xxv. c. 33.

1125 See B. xxv. c. 70.

1126 For the identity of this plant, see B. xxvii. c. 24.

1127 See B. xix. c. 50, and B. xx. c 61.

1128 See B. xxiv. c. 80

1129 See c. 18 of this Book.

1130 Identified with the Lavendula stœchas of Linnæus, the French lavender.

1131 “Vas”.

1132 In search of pheasants. See B. vi. c. 4.

1133 See B. xxv. c. 27.

1134 See B. xxv. c. 28.

1135 See B. xxv. c. 73.

1136 See B. xxv. c. 37.

1137 See B. xxv. c. 89.

1138 See B. xviii. c. 29.

1139 See B. xxv. c. 84.

1140 See B. xxv. c. 90.

1141 See B. xxv. c. 100.

1142 See B. xxv. c. 102.

1143 See B. xxvii. c. 24.

1144 See B. xxv. c. 84.

1145 See Note 1143 above.

1146 See B. xxvii. c. 6.

1147 Sprengel identifies it with the Phaca Bætica, Spanish bastard vetch; but the flowers of that plant, as Fée remarks, are yellow. He considers it to be the Lathyrus tuberosus of Linnæus, the Pease earth-nut. Littré gives the Orobus sessilifolius of Sibthorp.

1148 “Rubrum,” and not “nigrum,” which was also what we call “red” wine.

1149 Fée is unable to identify it. The Galeopsis ladanum of Linnæus, the Red dead-nettle, has been suggested, but on insufficient grounds, probably.

1150 See B. xii. c. 37.

1151 It is still brought from the islands of Greece, but no longer from Arabia.

1152 Τοξὸν.

1153 In B. xii. c. 37.

1154 “False-dittany,” or “bastard dittany.” See B. xxv. c. 53.

1155 The Cytinus hypocisthis of Linnæus.

1156 In B. xxiv. c. 28.

1157 See B. xviii. c. 17, and B. xxii. c. 67.

1158 See B. xiv. c. 5.

1159 The Sium of B. xxii. c. 41.

1160 Probably the Potamogeton natans of Linnæus, Broad-leaved pondweed, or some kindred plant. Its name signifies “the neighbour of rivers.”

1161 C. Bauhin and Sprengel identify the plant here described with the Potamogeton pusillum of Linnæus; but Fée considers it extremely doubtful.

1162 A species of Equisetum would seem to be meant; indeed, Littré gives the Equisetum telmateia.

1163 See B. xxv. c. 19.

1164 Fée thinks that this may possibly be the Statice Armeria of Linnæus, Sea thrift, or Sea gilly-flower.

1165 Considered by Sprengel to be the Cyclaminos chamæcissos of B. xxv. c. 69, which he identifies with the Convallaria bifolia of Linnæus, the Little lily of the valley, or May lily. Fabius Columna and Brotero consider it to be the Dentaria trifolia, Three-leaved toothwort.

1166 This is incorrect, if it is the Lily of the valley.

1167 “Lion’s paw,” “white plant,” or “rock-spear.” Probably the Leontice leontopetalum of Linnæus, Lion’s paw, or Lion’s leaf. See B. xxvii. c. 72.

1168 “Lymphatica somnia.”

1169 “Hare’s foot.” Possibly the Trifolium arvense of Linnæus, Hare’s foot trefoil.

1170 See B. xxv. c. 54.

1171 See Introduction to Vol. III. Fée remarks that none of the assertions in the present Chapter are confirmed by modern experience.

1172 See B. xxv. c. 38.

1173 See B. xxv. c. 67.

1174 See B. xxiv. cc. 49, 84, and B. xxv. c. 69.

1175 See B. xxv. c. 70.

1176 Identical with the Orobanche of B. xviii. c. 44, the Cuscuta Europæa of Linnæus, Dodder, Hell-weed, or Devil’s guts; or else the Cuscuta minor, or epithymum of Linnæus. See also B. xxii. cc. 78, 80.

1177 He is in error here.

1178 Hardouin suggests “hypopheos,” as “springing up under the Pheos” or Stœbe, mentioned in B. xxii. c. 13.

1179 See B. xxi. c. 19.

1180 It has a root originally, but the root withers as soon as it has attached itself to the stem of the plant to which it clings.

1181 See B. xxv. c. 37. Holland says, on the contrary, that it is a binding plant.

1182 “Thick hair.” It is generally identified with the Leonurus marrubiastrum of Linnæus. Columna makes it to be the Scabiosa succisa of Linnæus, the Devil’s bit scabious, and Brunsfeld the Angelica silvestris of Linnæus, Wild angelica.

1183 See B. xxi. c. 60.

1184 See B. xxv. c. 98.

1185 “Many-footed.” The Polypodium vulgare of Linnæus, the Common polypody.

1186 It is for this reason that it is called “reglisse,” or “liquorice,” in some parts of France. It contains a proportion of saccharine matter, which acts as a purgative.

1187 “Pulticula.”

1188 This fancy is solely based on the accidental resemblance of the name.

1189 He very incorrectly says this of all the ferns. See B. xxvii. cc. 17, 48, and 55.

1190 The produce of the Convolvulus scammonia of Linnæus, the Scammony bind-weed. The scammony of Aleppo is held in the highest esteem, and is very valuable. That of Smyrna also is largely imported.

1191 See the following Chapters.

1192 This assertion is erroneous; it has all its properties in fall vigour immediately after extraction, and retains them for an indefinite period.

1193 “Herba lactaria.”

1194 Because goats are fond of it. See B. xx. c. 24.

1195 Known to us by the general name of Euphorbia of Spurge.

1196 The Euphorbia characias of Linnæus, Red spurge. An oil is still extracted from the seed of several species of Euphorbia, as a purgative; but they are in general highly dangerous, taken internally.

1197 “Catapotia.”

1198 “Aphronitrum.” See B. xxx. c. 46