1 Works of Sibbes, vol. i. pp. 25, 142.

2 New America. By W. H. Dixon. With Illustrations from Original Photographs. 2 vols. 8vo. 1867. (Hurst and Blackett.) Vol. i., pp. 134-137.

3 See Appendix A., lii-lv.

4 From above, and other parallels, it will be seen that Burns only put more tersely and memorably an old sentiment in his—

5 Nicolson and Burns’s Cumberland and Westmoreland, vol. i., p. 26.

6 I owe hearty thanks to the Rev. Thomas Lees, M.A., Wreay, Carlisle, formerly Curate of Greystoke, for much help in tracing out birth-place, &c., and throughout; also to Archdeacon Cooper, Kendal, for his prompt and full answers to my queries.

7 See Memoirs of Alderman Barnes, edited for Surtees Society by W. H. D. Longstaffe, Esq., of Gateshead, p. 143. As I write this, these Memoirs are passing through the press; and I am indebted to Mr Longstaffe for early proof-sheets of the notices of Gilpin contained in the Manuscript. No common service is being rendered by Mr L. and the Surtees Society, to Ecclesiastical History, in so lovingly and competently preparing these important memoirs, which shed light on innumerable events and names, from sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. An abstract of the more interesting passages was published in 1828 by Sir Charles Sharpe, 8vo, pp. vii. and 35. I have to thank J. Hodgson Hinde, Esq., of Stelling Hall, Stocksfield, for this scarce pamphlet.

8 See Longstaffe’s Barnes, as before. The Manuscript now belongs to the Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

9 So called after Ketel, son of Eldred, son of Ivo de Tailbois, first Baron of Kendal, who came over with William the Conqueror.

10 Canto vi., stanza 33, ‘Robin the Devil’ and Col. Briggs. See also ‘Annals of Kendal,’ (1861,) pp. 55, 56.

11 The Commentator on Philippians; cf. my Memoir of him, prefixed to the reprint of his masterly book, p. vii. Since this Memoir was published, I have discovered that Dr Airay was son of Bernard Gilpin’s sister Helen. See the Apostle’s ‘Will,’ in the Surtees’ volume of ‘Wills and Inventories, from the Registry at Durham,’ (1860,) Part II., pp. 83-94. So that the Gilpins and Airays were related. I have to thank William Jackson, Esq., Fleatham House, St Bees, for calling my attention to this. It explains obscurities in the life of Airay, and gives a key to Bernard Gilpin’s special interest in him.

12 The Life of Bernard Gilpin. By William Gilpin, M.A., Prebendary of Salisbury. With an Introductory Essay by Edward Irving. 1824. Page 123.

13 That is, Richard Sibbes; Memoir, as before; Works, Vol. I. p. xxxi.

14 Shakespeare, As you Like it, ii. 7.

15 In a large quarto manuscript volume of ‘Memoirs’ of the Gilpins, drawn up by the Prebendary of Salisbury, (supra,) now before me by the kindness of its possessor, Charles Bernard Gilpin, Esq., Juniper Green, Edinburgh, I find the following concerning the above points: ‘He was the son of a younger brother, and being born to no estate, applied the first years of his life to the study of physic. But feeling a stronger inclination to divinity, he laid aside all thoughts of practising as a physician, and changing entirely the course of his studies, he took his degrees in divinity; but at what university, I find no account,’ (page 1.)

16 See Appendix B. I have here gratefully to acknowledge the painstaking of Mr T. A. Eaglesim, M.A., of Worcester College, Oxford, by himself and the Bursar of Queen’s, in examining every likely source of information.

17 See Appendix C, for some of these.

18 Barnes’ Memoirs, page 141, as before. The Maitland Club ‘Munimenta’ of the University of Glasgow, (4 vols. 4to,) gives a ‘Richardus Gilpin, Anglus, entered 11th January,’ 1717,—none other.

19 As before, pp. 141, 142.

20 Account, vol. ii. 157.

21 The ‘Life’ of this singularly original and inventive Prelate is so scanty and unworthy of his fame, that we do not wonder at no notice of his Savoy ministry, or of Gilpin as his assistant. Calamy is rarely wrong in his facts.

22 2 Vols. folio, 1708.

23 Walker, ‘Sufferings,’ page 306.

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid. In various authorities the ground of Moreland’s ejection is given as ‘ignorance and insufficiency’—whatever the latter may mean; but as Walker, who is usually referred to for it, makes no such statement, I have not adduced it. It is sufficient that the Commissioners were picked men for intellect and character; and that wherever data remain, their decisions are almost invariably warranted by the premises.

26 ‘A Sermon preached at the Funeral of Mr John Noble of Penruddock, near Penrith, in Cumberland, March 14, 1707-8. By Samuel Audland. To which is added a Postscript concerning the Deceased, by another hand.’ London (reprinted) 1818, pp. 37, 38. The little ‘Chapel’ wherein this Sermon was preached still remains, and has now as its minister the Rev. David Y. Storrar, who occupies it as a mission-charge of the United Presbyterian Church (of Scotland). This congregation originated, it is believed, from those who could not remain in the Parish Church of Greystoke after Gilpin left and Moreland returned; and thus is of the oldest of the Presbyterian congregations in England. See above tractate, whence we learn that on Dr Gilpin’s ‘motion,’ the Nonconformists of Greystoke ‘called’ another to fill his place for them. Then the Narrative continues: ‘Mr Anthony Sleigh, a native of the same parish, and bred in the College of Durham, was obtained to become their minister, and so continued about forty years, though he had only slender [pecuniary] encouragements there. Their meeting was held mostly in the house of John Noble, and sometimes under covert of the night, as Christ’s disciples sometimes did,’ (page 44.)

27 As before, pp. 3, 4.

28 Ecclesiastical History of England, from the Opening of the Long Parliament to the Death of Oliver Cromwell. 2 vols. 8vo. 1867. (Jackson, Walford, and Co.) See vol. II., c. viii., et alibi.

29 Mr Stoughton justly speaks of the strange neglect of these important MSS.

30 Stoughton, as before, sub nominibus.

31 Burton’s ‘Cromwellian Diary,’ ii. 531, where the ‘Ordinance’ is given in extenso, with notes by the editor, [Rutt.]

32 I suspect few know this rare and very valuable tractate. Its title-page runs, ‘A Model for the maintaining of Students of choice abilities at the University, and principally in order to the Ministry. Together with a Preface before it, and after it a Recommendation from the University, [this bears the signatures of Worthington, Arrowsmith, Tuckney, Whichcot, Ralph Cudworth, and William Dillingham;] and two serious Exhortations, recommended unto all the unfeigned lovers of Piety and Learning, and more particularly to those rich men who desire to honour the Lord with their substance.’ [1658-60.] There is a characteristic letter in it from Baxter.

33 Herbert: The Temple; Church-Porch.

34 Here again I owe thanks to Mr Lees of Wreay, as before; also to Rev. David Y. Storrar, Penruddock, and the present curate of Greystoke, (Mr Raby), for result of searching through the ‘Registers,’ which have some curious entries.

35 ‘A Critical and Chronological History of the Rise, Progress, Declension and Revival of Knowledge, chiefly Religious. In two Periods. 1. The Period of Tradition, from Adam to Moses. 2. The Period of Letters, from Moses to Christ. Second edition. By Henry Winder, D.D. To which are prefixed Memoirs of Dr Winder’s Life. By George Benson, D.D.’ London: 1756. 2 vols. 4to.

36 I have left unquoted the process by which Winder was (1.) seduced to, and (2.) recovered from Quakerism, though the reader will do well to consult it.

37 The ‘Noble’ Postscript says, ‘Somewhat remarkable happened at his resuming the pulpit, which some living (1708) can tell, but I omit it.’ Moreover, Morland’s return was against the wishes of the parishioners: for the narrative continues, ‘After this some offered to put up one Mr Jackson in the pulpit: which the contrary party did so violently oppose with threats to crush them into the earth, that Mr Jackson went with them to the parsonage-house, and preached there,’ (p. 43.) M. died in about a year.

38 As before, p. 6.

39 ‘A good old aunt of mine—mother of the present Mr Fawcett of Scaleby Castle—took particular pride in shewing a certain very large room in her Castle. Her theory was that this was one of the great attractions of the place in Dr Gilpin’s view: for here he would have room enough to preach to as many people as were likely to attend, and liberty also: Scaleby, as she observed, being at just such a distance from Carlisle as to place him beyond the operation of the Conventicle Act.’—Charles Bernard Gilpin, Esq., Juniper Green, Edinburgh.

40 Ibid., p. 9.

41 That is James Fawcett, Esq. I do not know how sufficiently to acknowledge the courtesy and kindness of Mr and Mrs Fawcett in furthering my Gilpin inquiries. Besides early drawings and recent photographs of the Castle and grounds, I have had an ancient unpublished family-volume of rare interest confided to me. It is entitled ‘An Accompt of the most Considerable Estates and Families in the County of Cumberland, from the Conquest unto the beginning of the Reign of K. James the First.’ The original MS., an inscription informs us, is supposed to have been ‘writ by an ancestor of Mr Denton’s of Cardow during ye time of his imprisont. (as ‘tis said) in ye Tower upon a Contest yt happ’ned to be betwixt him and Dr Robinson, then Bp. of Carliell.’ This ‘copy’ seems to have been taken about 1687. I cull the following memoranda concerning Scaleby from this precious little volume: ‘Ye Castle ... took name first of ye buyldings there wch they call Scheales or Scales, more properly of ye Latin word Scalinga, a caban or cottage. When King Henry 1st had established Carliell [Carlisle] he gave yt lordship unto one Richard the Ryder, whose surname was Tylliolf, who first planted there habitations. From him it descended by one or two degrees unto Symon Tylliolf in ye later end of King Henry 2d’s tyme. His son, Piers Tylliolf or Peter, was ward to Geoffrey de Lucy by the king’s grant about ye tyme of K. John. This Geoffrey de Lucy did bear ye cap of maintenance before K. Richard 1st at his coronation. Sr. Peter de Tilliol, kt., son of Sr. Robt., dyed, A.D. 1434: 13 Henr. 6, having enjoyed his estate 67 years. He had issue one son who dyed without issue in 1435, when the estates were divided between two sisters and co-heirs, Isabella and Margaret. Isabella had married one John Colville, and his son Wm. succeeded and died 1479, leaving two daughters, Phillis and Margaret. The eldest was married to Wm. Musgrave. Margaret, the 2d daughter, married to Nicholas Musgrave, and transferred Scaleby, Haydon, and other Lands to his posterity. Sr. Edwd. Musgrave, Kt., son of Wm., married Katherine Penruddock: he built or repaired part of ye Castle at Scaleby A.D. 1606.... Sir Wm. Edwd. Musgrave, Bart., of Nova Scotia, who afterwards suffering great losses on ye account of his faithful service to K. Charles I and K. Charles ye 2d, he was forced to dismember a great part of his estate. He sold Kirklevington to Edmund Appelby, Houghton to Arthur Forster, Richardby to Cuthbert Studholm, and Scaleby to Richard Gilpin, who now [1687] enjoys ye same together wth Richardby, wch he also purchased of Michael Studholm, fil Cuthberti,’ [p. 432.] [On Scaleby, cf. pp. 429-435.] There are similar interesting notices of Greystoke, or Graystock, or Graistock, which is explained to mean ‘a badger,’ [cf. pp. 311-315,] going back with old lore to Syolf, and Phorne, and Ranulph in the days of the 1st Henry, on to the Dacres, and Norfolks, and Arundel. Scaleby Castle has been much enlarged, together with the Estates, and the visitor of the district will find it a delightful pilgrimage. The older trees are all the more venerable that one knows Dr Gilpin himself ‘planted’ them.

To shew the way Royalists suffered themselves to speak of even so ‘moderate’ and so inestimable a man as our Worthy, simply because he continued conscientiously a Nonconformist at enormous sacrifices, I add here a quotation from the ‘County’ History: N. and B.’s Westmoreland and Cumberland, as before, vol. ii. p. 459: ‘Scaleby: Mr Sandford—in the true spirit of those times—speaking of Scaleby, says, “It was sometime the estate of Sir Edward Musgrave of Hayton, baronet; but now sold to Mr Gilpin, a quondam preacher of the fanatical parliament, and his wife, Mr Brisco’s daughter, of Crofton, brethren of confusion in their brains; knew what they would not have, but knew not what they would have, if they might chuse.”’ This ‘reviling’ is High Church charity; and it is wondered at that Nonconformists retort sharply when occasion offers.

42 As before, pp. 6, 7.

43 ‘Life’ of Bernard Gilpin, as before, p. 128, seq. The coincidence is certainly striking of the double offer, at the distance of fully a century, of a bishopric, and the same bishopric, to two Gilpins, and a double declinature and actualisation of the ‘nolo episcopari.’ This and even more remarkable, because more intricate and manifold, repetitions, in the Lives of the elder and younger Edwards of America, [Cf. Memoir of the latter, prefixed to his Works, Vol. i. pp. xxxiii, xxxiv. Andover, U.S. 1842.] have been turned to excellent account in refuting the so-called objections of scepticism and rationalism to the repetition of the incidents and miracles and sayings of the Lord in the Gospels.

44 Further on, and in his epitaph, we shall find allusions to the declined bishopric, as having greatly added to the influence of Dr Gilpin, as the acceptance of one by Reynolds neutralised even his worth, and stains his memory indelibly.

45 As before, pp. 9-11.

46 For information on Hammond, consult Calamy, Palmer, Longstaffes’ Barnes, as before, and the different Newcastle ‘Histories,’ &c.

47 ‘Peace and Holiness: in Three Sermons upon Several Occasions.’ By Ignatius Fuller, [of Sherrington, Bucks,] 1672, 12mo, pp. 3, 4, 6, 8.

48 Surtees Society: edited by Raine, 1861, pp. 172-174.

49 Bourne’s ‘Newcastle,’ s.n.

50 Quoted by Villari, Vita di Savonarola, vol. ii., lib. iv. cap. 6: cf. Trollope’s Florence, iv. 178, 179.

51 Carlyle’s Cromwell, vol. iv. 151-153.

52 Barnes, as before, p. 142. Besides authorities already named, I am under obligation to Dr Bruce (author of ‘The Roman Wall’) for Turner’s ‘Sketch’ of his Church in Newcastle; also to Mr James Clephan, Newcastle, for his valuable Paper, ‘Nonconformity in Newcastle Two Hundred Years Ago.’ A new edition of the latter will doubtless correct certain inadvertencies and misprints in an otherwise well-timed and vigorous tractate.

53 I must cordially acknowledge my obligation to Sir James Y. Simpson, Bart., M.D., for putting me in communication with the Leyden Professor.

54 Copies of this ‘Disputatio,’ which Gilpin must have neglected to deposit in Leyden, will be found in the Bodleian and in the British Museum ‘Libraries.’

55 As before, p. 142.

56 Raine’s ‘Depositions’ as before: foot-note by Mr Longstaffe, pp. 172, 173. Theologically, William Durant was unquestionably evangelically orthodox, and in no sense, save that the Church-property is held by the Unitarians, can he be called the ‘founder’ of their Church in Newcastle. By the same plea Matthew Henry of Chester, and scores of others, might be claimed as ‘Founders’ of Unitarian congregations. I state this simply as matter-of-fact, and not controversially. I may observe that Gilpin’s ‘Letter’ to Stratton (onwards) more probably indicates the commencement of the Unitarian ‘separation.’

57 See Calamy, and authorities, as before.

58 This Sermon, from some unexplained cause, is extremely rare and high-priced. I was indebted to Mr Wilson, Tunbridge Wells, for a copy.

59 Account, p. 57.

60 Given in ‘A Brief History of Protestant Nonconformists, and of the Society assembling in the Old Meeting-house, High Street, Stockton, 1856,’ [by Rev. J. Richmond,] p. 16. Mr Clephan of Stockton was good enough to send me this careful little volume.

61 Turner, in giving the above extract, misled by 1699, imagines it must refer to some other Dr Gilpin. He forgot that the year did not begin then until March 25; so that, while under our reckoning it was 1700, under the old it was 1699; and hence the marking until the change of the going and coming year, e.g., 1699-1700.

62 I have to thank Mr Clephan, as before, for getting me this.

63 ‘The Worthy of Ephratah,’ 1659, 12mo, pp. 46, 47.

64 Mr Pell, [as before.]

65 Mr Manlove, [as before.]

66 Mr Calvert.

67 Dr Gilpin.

68 Job.

69 Præsidium et decus meum.

70 ‘Satan’s Temptations.’

71 The Bishoprick of C-—- le.

72 A Journal of the Life of Thomas Story: containing an Account of his remarkable Convincement of and Embracing of the Principles of Truth as held by the people called Quakers: and also of his Travels and Labours in the Service of the Gospel: with many other Occurrences and Observations. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, printed by Isaac Thompson and Company, at the New Printing Office on the Side. MDCCXLVII. Apart from the light under which everything is seen, this book is a perfect repertory of facts on the moral and religious condition of our country at the period. There are innumerable sketches of persons and places of mark all over North and South, given with a transparent naiveté and occasional raciness of wording that is very taking. Story continued to be received on the most friendly terms by the Gilpins, and by sons and daughters after Dr Gilpin himself was dead. Cf. pp. 470-473.

73 It may be well to give in a foot-note Story’s account of another and later visit to Dr Gilpin:—‘The same evening I visited Dr Richard Gilpin, formerly mentioned, having still a great respect for him and all his family. He was an eminent physician and preacher among the Presbyterians at Newcastle; to which place he had removed from Cumberland after the Revolution. And with him also I had some discourse about matters of religion; in which he discovered more passion and prejudice than became his high profession or years, and could not bear any contradiction. But I advised him to beware of that spirit, for it wanted mortification: and this I did in a calm and respectful mind, which reached the better part in him, and brought it over the evil; and then I left him in a loving temper. For though he was naturally high, and the most eminent and celebrated preacher of that profession in the North, and from his very early days deeply prejudiced, and almost envious, against Friends, yet he heard me with more patience—though that was little—than he ever did any other.’—P. 100.

74 By the favour of Mr Nichol I have had one hundred large-paper copies of this edition of ‘Dæmonologia Sacra’ thrown off—quarto: and prefixed is the portrait of Gilpin, and a fac-simile of a portion of this manuscript.

75 Vide Leigh Crit[ica] Sac[ra]. [Quarto, 1650, &c.—G.]

76 The accuser of the brethren: Rev. xii. 10; Gen. iii. 3; Job i.

77 Quia inordinatam excellentiam affectando, ordinatam amiserunt, ideo de aliorum excellentia dolebant, et ad eam oppugnandam maliciose ferebantur.—Am. Med. lib. i. cap. 11. [Amesius ‘Medulla Theologica,’ 1627. 8vo.—G.]

78 Vide Pool ‘Synop.’ in loc.

79 Quid inter se distant quatuor ista vocabula, dicant qui possunt, si tamen possunt probare quæ dicunt; ego me ista ignorare confiteor.—Enchirid. ad Laurent., cap. 58.

80 Instit., lib. i. cap. 14, sec. 8.

81 Ps. xvii. 14; Luke xv. 12, and xvi. 25.—G.

82 σκόλοψ, Arrows[mith], Tract. Sacr., lib. ii. cap. 8, sec. 3.

83 Lib. ii., Enchir., cap. 58.

84 Panst., vol. ii. lib. ix. cap. 11. [Daniel Chamier, author of De Œcumenico Pontificio. Died 1621.—G.]

85 Sclater, in loc.

86 Cal[vin] Instit., lib. i. cap. 14, sec. 8.—[As before, see sec. 5-9.—G.]

87 Vide Bayne on Eph. vi. 12.

88 Bayne, Ibid.

89 Calvin, in loc.

90 Ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις, Eph. vi. 12.

91 Hierozoicon, part 1.

92 Principaliter ad Diabolum referenda est calliditas.

93 Cognitio Vespertina et Matutina. Barth. Sybillæ otium Theol. p. 361. Aug. in 3 Gen. et Civitat. Dei., lib. xi. cap. 29. Dr Jenison’s ‘Height of Israel’s Idolatry,’ p. 31. Ipsam creaturam melius ibi, hoc est, in sapientia Dei, tanquam in arte qua facta est, quam in ea ipsa sciunt.—Aug., Civit. Dei., ibid.

94 Νοήματα, μεθοδείας, βάθη.

95 Γυμνὰ, τετραχηλισμένα.

96 Query, ‘immanent’?—Ed.

97 Dr Jenison’s ‘Height of Israel’s Idolatry,’ p. 35. Vide Godwin’s ‘Child of Light,’ p. 65.

98 Quest. Peregrinarum p. 392. Dæmones cognoscunt cogitationes nostras, quantum ad subjectum, objectum et affectum, non autem quantum ad finem. Sciunt quid cogitamus, sed ignorant ad quem finem.

99 Deprehendas animi tormenta latentia ex ægrotorum facie. Sæpe tacens vocem verbaque vultus habet.

100 Invictus eris Alexander.—Plutarch in vit Alexandri.

101 Non non superabit Gallus Apulum. Ibis redibis nunquam per bella peribis.

102 Scot, ‘Discovery of Witchcraft,’ lib. vi. cap. 1.

103 Antiq. lib. iv. cap. 8.

104 Here quotations are given somewhat imperfectly and inaccurately from Ovid and Virgil. The following are correct:—

Φαρμακία, philtrum, et magicas actiones quæ in imaginibus, et characteribus, certis verbis, ac similibus consistunt, significat. Unde pharmaceutria appellatur, Idyllium ii. Theocriti et Eclog. viii. Virgilii. Et Antiquos etiam vocabulum φαρμακίας, pro omni veneficii genere, quo vel hominibus, vel jumentis, vel frugibus, seu carmine, seu aliis modis nocetur, accipere, manifeste patet ex Platone, lib. x. de Legibus. Et apud Aristot. Hist. Animal., cap. 25, φαρμακίδες nominantur. Et Apocal., cap. 18, φαρμακία pro præstigiis et impostura sumitur.—Dan Sennert., tom. iii. lib. vi. part 9. cap 2.

105 Fuller, Pisg. Sight., lib. iv. cap. 7, p. 128. Maimon[ides.] Vide Pool, in loc.

106 Godwin’s Jewish Antiq., lib. iv. cap. 40, Pool, in loc.

107 Witchcraft is reckoned as distinct from murder in Gal. v. 20, 21.

108 Scot Witchcraft, lib. vi. cap. 2.

109 Hobbes’ Leviath., cap. ii. p. 7.

110 Tenison, Hobbes’ Creed Exam. Art. 4, p. 63. [Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury: ‘The Creed of Mr (Thomas) Hobbes Examined.’ London, 1670, 8vo.—G.]

111 Baxter: ‘Sin against the Holy Ghost,’ p. 83. J. Glanvil: ‘Considerations of Witchcraft,’ p. 6. Tenison against Hobbes, Art. 4, p. 59.

112 Vide Epist. D. Balthasaris Han. M.D. in calce, tom. iii. Oper. Dan. Sennerti de fœmina fascinatâ in cujis cute, literæ N.B. notæ Crucis ♱ à capite ad calcem, cum astronomicorum et chymicorum characteribus, rosæ figura in dextra et trifolii in sinistrâ artificiosè picta cum Anno Christi 1635, cor servatoris telis transfixum, et imago stulti, cum verbo Germanico Narr, procumbebant. [Dr More.] Mr Baxter ut supra. Dan. Sennertus, tom. iii. lib. vi. par. 9; varias historias enumerat de morbis incantatione inductis. Ex. Jo. Langio, Alex. Benedicto, Cornel. Gemmæ, Foresto, et aliis.

113 Helmont. Magnet. Vuln. Cura., sec. 87.

114 Dr More:—Death consists not so much in an actual separation of soul and body as in the indisposition and unfitness of the body for vital union. What is the meaning else of that expression, ‘Whether in the body or out of the body I cannot tell,’ except the soul may be separated from the body without death?—J. Glanvil, ‘Witchcraft,’ pp. 15, 18.

115 Helmont, ubi supra. Avicenna; vide Barthol. Sybilla.; Perig. Quæst, p. 401. Nescio quis teneros oculos, &c. Glanvil, ‘Witchcraft,’ p. 24; Helmont, ut supra, sec. 102. Satan itaque vim magicam hanc excitat (secus dormientem et scientia exterioris hominis impeditam) in suis mancipiis.—Glanvil, ‘Witchcraft,’ p. 18.

116 Polanus, 1632.

117 Tho[mas Aquinas] Cont. Gent., lib. iii. cap. 101, cited by Sclater on 2 Thes. ii. 9. [4to, 1627, pp. 148, 149.—G.]

118 Sclater, in loc.