870. Page 753.
871. Page 271.
872. Page 251.
873. Constantinople et le Bosphore, p. 364.
874. Lib. i. c. 42.
875. Siège de Constantinople; Nicolò Barbaro, Giornale, p. 752.
876. See his work on the Siege of the City in 1453, p. 139.
877. Page 270: Προστάττει τοῦ εὐθυδρομηθῆναι τὰς νάπας τὰς ὄπισθεν κειμένας τοῦ Γαλατᾶ, ἀπὸ τὸ μέρος τὸ πρὸς ἀνατολὴν, κάτωθεν τοῦ διπλοῦ κίονος.
878. IV. 550-551.
879. Page 753.
880. Lib. i. c. 42. Charles Müller thinks the correct reading in the text of Critobulus was not “eight stadia,” but “eighteen stadia.”
881. For the site of the Diplokionion, see Gyllius, De Bosporo Thracio, ii. c. 7. See also, Bondelmontius’ Map (the columns are more distinctly shown in the copy of that map found in Du Cange and Banduri, than in the copy which accompanies this work). The idea of Dr. Dethier, expressed in a note on Pusculus (Siège de Constantinople, p. 237), that the Diplokionion stood, in Byzantine days, at Cabatash, and was removed—columns and inhabitants together—to Beshiktash, after the Turkish Conquest, has no foundation whatever.
882. Page 753.
883. Dethier, Siège de Constantinople, No. xviii. p. 893.
885. Mentioned by the Anonymus, iii. p. 61; Nicetas Chon., p. 169; Cantacuzene, iv. p. 221.
886. Anonymus, iii. p. 61; Cantacuzene, iv. p. 232 ; Pachymeres, vol. i. p. 270.
887. Gyllius, De Top. CP., i. c. xxi.
888. Nicetas Chon., p. 205, ἀπὸ τῆς ἑῴας πύλης, ἥτις ἀνέῳγε κατὰ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν. Cf. Ibid., p. 26; Pachymeres, vol. i. p. 270.
890. Theophanes, p. 671; Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 12.
891. Pachymeres, ut supra.
893. Nicephorus Greg., xvii. p. 860.
894. Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 363.
895. Nicetas Chon., p. 26.
896. Ibid., p. 205.
897. Patriarch Constantius, Ancient and Modern Consple., p. 23.
898. Anonymus, ii. p. 26; Glycas, p. 468.
899. Page 268, Ὁ ἀντίπορθμος οὖτος πύργος τῆς τῶν Μαγγάνων ἄγχιστα δεδομημένος μονῆς.
900. The rock is associated with the history of Byzantium. Upon it Chares, admiral of the Athenian fleet, sent to aid Byzantium against Philip of Macedon, erected a pillar surmounted by the figure of a heifer as a monument to the memory of his wife, Damalis, who had accompanied him on the expedition, and died at Chrysopolis. Hence that suburb and the rock were sometimes called Damalis. A palace of the Byzantine emperors at Damalis was named Scutarion (Nicetas Chon., p. 280; Ville-Hardouin, c. lxix.). It was noted for its pleasant air and quiet. Cf. Gyllius, De Bosporo Thracio, iii. c. ix.
901. Cantacuzene, iii. pp. 438, 495, 541.
903. Marcellinus Comes.
904. Theophanes, p. 574. For other executions under Constantine Copronymus, see Theophanes, pp. 647, 677, 683.
905. Zonaras, xvii. p. 55.
906. Nicetas Chon., p. 268.
907. Zonaras, ut supra.
908. M. Attaliota, p. 48.
909. Constantinople, ses Sanctuaires el ses reliques, au commencement du XV. Siècle. Traduit par Bruun, Odessa, 1883.
910. Itinéraires Russes en Orient, pp. 162.
912. Ville-Hardouin, cs. xxv.-xxvii.; William of Tyre, lib. xx. c. xxiv.
913. Cantacuzene, iv. pp. 307, 308.
914. Large chambers and galleries are found in the body of the portion of the wall between this gate and a short distance beyond Indjili Kiosk. One gallery measures 123-½ feet long by 21 feet wide; one of the chambers is 52-½ feet by 51 feet.
915. Itinéraires Russes en Orient, p. 119.
916. Gyllius, De Top. CP., i. c. vii.
917. Relation d’un Voyage fait au Levant, c. xviii. (1665).
918. Relation d’un Voyage de Constantinople, p. 83 (1670).
919. Constantinopolis und der Bosporos, vol. i. p. 238.
920. Le Palais Impérial de Constantinople et ses Abords, p. 99.
921. Ancient and Modern Consple., p. 26; cf. Scarlatus Byzantius, vol. i. p. 181.
922. Itinéraires Russes en Orient, pp. 119, 202, 231.
924. For a description of the ruins, see Dr. Paspates, pp. 106-109.
925. Ibid., p. 107.
926. Page 52. As to the opinion of Paspates that the heads on the capitals found among the ruins represented lions and bulls, Dr. Mordtmann remarks, “explication qui n’a point été admise par ses contradicteurs.”
927. Theophanes Cont., p. 337.
928. Nicetas Chon., p. 581.
931. Anna Comn., xv. pp. 372, 377.
932. Itinéraires Russes en Orient, pp. 201, 202: “Non loin de ce couvent (Hodegetria, proceeding towards the Seraglio Point) sont deux autres, celui de Lazare le Ressuscité, où ses reliques et (celles de) sa sœur Marie sont incrustées dans une colonne; et secondement celui de Lazare, évêque de Galassie.”
933. Codinus, pp. 25, 79. Can the Topi have been remains of one of the theatres erected by Severus in Byzantium?
934. Page 79.
935. Leo Gram., p. 273, Εἰς τὸν ἅγιον Λάζαρον, εἰς τὸ καταβάσιον τοῦ Τζυκανιστηρίου: p. 274, εἰς τοὺς λεγομένους Τόπους. Cf. Theophanes Cont., pp. 859, 860.
936. Procopius, De Æd., i. c. xi.
937. Codinus, p. 33; Suidas, ad vocem στήλη.
938. Procopius, De Æd., i. c. xi.
939. Ibid., ut supra.
940. Pachymeres, vol. i. p. 160; Codinus, p. 80.
941. Itinéraires Russes en Orient, p. 229.
942. Genesius, iv. p. 103; Cantacuzene, iii. p. 607; Nicetas Chon., p. 26; Pachymeres, ut supra.
943. Nicetas Chon., pp. 496, 497.
944. Ducas, p. 288.
945. Itinéraires Russes en Orient, p. 230, “Au nord du couvent d’Odigitria, dans la direction de Mangana;” p. 229, “à l’est de Sainte Sophie, dans la direction de la mer, à droite, s’élève un couvent appelé Odigitria.”
946. Page 52.
947. Pachymeres, vol. ii. p. 238.
948. Ducas, pp. 41, 42, 283.
949. Psalm cxviii. 19. † ΑΝΥΞΑΤΑΙ ΜΟΙ ΠΥΛΑΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΩΣΥΝΗΣ ΙΝΑ ΕΙΣΕΛΘΩΝ ΕΝ ΑΥΤΑΙΣ ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΗΣΩΜΑΙ ΤΩ ΚΥΡΙΩ †. Cf. Proceedings of Greek Literary Syllogos of Consple., vol. xvi., 1885; Archæological Supplement, pp. 23, 24; cf. Mordtmann, p. 53.
950. Pachymeres, vol. ii. p. 238.
951. Ducas, pp. 41, 42; Cantacuzene (iv. p. 284) says that John Palæologus took the city by surprise, entering the Harbour of the Heptascalon during the night.
952. Genesius, iv. p. 103; Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 179.
953. Nicetas Chon., p. 698.
954. Ducas, p. 283.
955. Ancient and Modern Consple., p. 23.
956. Leo Gramm., p. 289.
957. Ancient and Modern Consple., p. 23.
958. Le Palais Impérial de Consple., p. 207.
959. Anonymus, ii. p. 23.
960. De Top. CP., ii. c. xv.
961. Pand. Hist. Turc., s. 200, Πόρτα ταῖς Ἀρκούδες; Itinéraires Russes en Orient, p. 235: “Sous la muraille au pied de la mer, se trouvent des ours et des aurochs en pierre.”
962. Patriarch Constantius, Ancient and Modern Consple., p. 22.
963. Anonymus, iii. p. 46.
964. Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 250. Symeon Magister (De Leone Basilii Filio, c. i.) records a fire near the Harbour of Sophia and the Iron Gate, which burned the Church of St. Thomas—a proof that these points stood near one another.
966. Cedrenus, vol. i. pp. 609-611; Zonaras, xiv. p. 1205.
967. Habakkuk iii. 8.
968. Psalm xxi. 7.
969. Psalm lxxxix. 22.
970. Psalm xviii. 3
971. Psalm xv. 4. Possibly the inscription commemorated the triumph of Justinian over the Factions in 532.
972. Codinus, p. 101; Anonymus, iii. p. 45.
973. Ibid. ut supra; ibid., p. 46.
974. Leunclavius, Pand. Hist. Turc., s. 200.
975. Codinus, p. 109.
979. Paschal Chron., p. 494; Codinus, pp. 102, 103.
981. Ibid., iii. p. 46; ibid., p. 49.
982. Ibid., iii. p. 49; ibid., pp. 102, 103.
983. Anonymus, iii. p. 48. The name appears also under the forms Ψαμάθεα (Codinus, p. 109); τῶν Ὕψωμαθίων (Phrantzes, p. 253); τοῦ Ψωμαθέως (Constant. Porphyr., De Administratione Imperii, c. 43). The quarter boasted of a palace and gerocomion, ascribed to St. Helena (Anonymus, ut supra), a monastery (Constant. Porphyr., ut supra), and the Church of the Theotokos Peribleptos (Soulou Monastir).
984. De Cer., pp. 562, 563.
985. Page 349.
986. Theophanes Cont., p. 223.
987. See account of his treatment at Constantinople in his fifteenth Epistle.
988. Nicetas Chon., p. 347.
989. Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 292.
990. Anna Comn., iii. p. 137; Zonaras, xvi. c. xxviii. p. 131.
991. Bondelmontius’ Map.
992. William of Tyre, xx. c. xxiii. p. 983.
993. Theophanes Cont., p. 447; Anna Comn., vii. pp. 334, 335; Itinéraires Russes en Orient, p. 235.
994. William of Tyre, ut supra.
995. Anna Comn., iii. p. 137; Anonymus, i. p. 9.
996. Page 118.
998. Le Palais Impérial de Consple., pp. 201-210.
999. Constantinopolis und der Bosporos, vol. i. pp. 119, 121, 124.
1000. Histoire de l’Empire Ottoman, vol. v., note xxxv.
1001. Pages 53, 54.
1002. Marin Sanuto, Diarii Autographi, vol. lvii., Carta 158, recto, 14 Decembrio, 1532. The document was addressed to the Doge Gritti, who had been in Constantinople, and knew the localities to which allusion was made.
1003. Von Hammer (Histoire de L’Empire Ottoman, vol. v. note xxxv.) quotes also from Cornelius, the ambassador of Charles V. to Sultan Suleiman, who alludes to the subject in the following words: “Est mamor quoddam hic propere ad mare, in quo sculptus est leo ingens tenens taurum cornibus, tam vasta moles ut a mille hominibus moveri non possit.”
The Venetian historian Sagrado, in his Memorie Istoriche de Monarchi Ottomani, adds that the monument fell to the ground. “In Constantinopoli un Leone di pietra, il quale stava fuori della porta a Marina, che con una zanna afferava on toro, guardava prima verso Levante, si ritrovo che stava rivolto a Ponente. E perche, era situato sopra due colonne, precipito unitamente col toro, che si ruppe una coscia e cade con la testa nel fiume, in cui parea in certo modo che bevese” (Libro, iv. p. 319. Venezia, 1677).
With the above compare the statement found in the Spectator of April 20, 1895, p. 519, when describing the effects of recent earthquakes in Southern Austria, Northern Italy, and Hungary: “At Fiume and Trieste there was also a good deal of disturbance, and at Trieste the statue of the Emperor Charles is reported to have twisted round on its pedestal and now faces opposite to where it faced before. What an omen that would have been considered three hundred years ago!”
1005. Pand. Hist. Turc., s. 200: “Tchatladi capsi, a mactatione pecudum.... Ædificium rotundum extra muros, ipso mari vicinum, ac vetus habet undique circumfluum nisi qua terræ jungitur, in quo mactantur, excoriantur et exenterantur pecudes.”
1006. Ibid., ut supra: “Fenestres habet hæc porta (Tchatlady Kapou) marmoreas a latere, cujusdam ædificii vel palatii veteris, quod ipsis, muris urbanis incumbit.”
1007. De Top. CP., lib. i. c. vii.; lib. ii. c. xv.: “Sub Hippodromo versus meridiem est Porta Leonis Marmorei, extra urbem siti, in ruderibus Palatii Leonis Marcelli; cujus fenestræ antiquo opere laboratæ extant in muro inclusæ.”
1008. Voyage Pittoresque dans l’Empire Ottoman, etc., vol. iv.
1009. The palace stood on a terraced platform, the area of which was some 200 by 175 feet. See Map facing p. 269.
1010. From Broken Bits of Byzantium. (By kind permission of Mrs. Walker.)
1011. See above, p. 269. Anna Comnena (iii. p. 137) speaks of a lower and a higher palace, Ἐν τῷ κάτω παλατίῳ: εἰς τὸ ὑπερκείμενον παλάτιον.
1012. Procopius, De Æd., i. c. iv.; Bondelmontius, Librum Insularum, p. 121.
1013. Labarte, Le Palais Imperial de Consple., pp. 208-210.
1014. Lib. i. p. 9.
1015. Lib. iii. p. 42; cf. Codinus, p. 125.
1016. Lib. iii. p. 45.
1017. Codinus, p. 87.
1018. Imperium Orientale, vol. ii. pp. 678, 679.
1019. Le Palais Imperial de Consple., pp. 208, 209.
1021. Fragm. Hist. Græc., vol. iv. p. 107.