[961] Bitter 1904.
[962] Zukal 1893.
[963] Lister 1911.
[964] Zopf 1897.
[965] Zukal 1896, p. 258.
[966] Zukal 1896, p. 255.
[967] Cunningham 1879.
[968] Friedrich 1906, p. 401.
[970] Gleditsch 1775, p. 31.
[971] Lindau 1895, p. 53.
[972] Dufrenoy 1881.
[973] Porter 1917.
[974] Friedrich 1906.
[975] Waite 1893.
[976] Lesdain 1912.
[977] Zopf 1907.
[978] Lesdain 1910.
[979] Zukal 1896, p. 258.
[982] Zahlbruckner 1903.
[983] Steiner 1896.
[984] Müller-Argau 1880.
[985] Wainio 1890, p. xxiii.
[986] Lloyd 1917.
[987] Rehm 1890.
[988] Reinke 1894.
[990] Wainio 1890.
[991] Müller-Argau 1862.
[992] Rehm 1890.
[993] Rehm 1890.
[994] Tobler 1911², p. 407.
[995] Lightfoot 1777, p. 965.
[996] See Chap. III.
[997] Forssell 1885.
[998] Hue 1911¹.
[1000] Zahlbruckner 1907.
[1001] Reinke 1895.
[1003] Reinke 1895.
[1004] Neubner 1893.
[1005] Reinke 1895, p. 110.
[1006] Wainio 1890.
[1007] See Chap. III.
[1008] Wainio 1897.
[1009] See Chap. III.
[1010] Sättler 1914.
[1012] Darbishire 1912.
[1015] Dr Church (1920) has published a new conception of the origin of lichens. See postscript at the end of the volume, p. 421.
[1016] Tournefort 1694.
[1017] Morison 1699.
[1018] Dillenius 1741.
[1019] Linnaeus 1753.
[1020] Acharius 1803.
[1021] Acharius 1810.
[1022] Acharius 1814.
[1023] Wallroth 1825.
[1024] Meyer 1825.
[1025] Nylander 1854.
[1026] Reinke 1894, ’95, ’96.
[1027] Darbishire and Fischer-Benzon 1901.
[1028] Wainio 1887, ’94, ’97.
[1029] Wainio 1890.
[1030] Zahlbruckner 1907.
[1031] Massee 1887.
[1032] Fischer 1890.
[1033] Linnaeus 1753.
[1034] Steiner 1901.
[1036] Norman 1872 and ’74.
[1037] Genera marked with an asterisk have not been found in the British Isles.
[1038] Zukal 1890.
[1039] Hue 1914.
[1040] Hue 1909.
[1041] Hue 1905.
[1042] Zahlbr., in Hedwigia, LIX. p. 301, 1917.
[1043] Riddle 1917.
[1044] Bioret 1914.
[1045] Reinke 1895.
[1046] Darbishire 1898.
[1047] Hue 1909.
[1048] Nylander 1855.
[1049] Nylander 1883.
[1050] Lorrain Smith 1906.
[1051] Neophyllis Wils. is synonymous with Gymnoderma.
[1052] Lindau 1899.
[1053] Stirton 1877, p. 164.
[1054] A. Zahlbruckner, in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. 1919, p. 163.
[1055] Bitter 1904².
[1056] Hue 1892.
[1057] Hue 1914.
[1058] Tuckerman 1872, p. 107.
[1060] Hue 1908.
[1062] Olivier 1907.
[1063] Th. Fries 1867.
[1064] Darbishire 1909.
[1065] Hue 1892.
[1066] Arnold 1890.
[1067] These genera are associated with Trentepohlia algae which are numerous and abundant in tropical climates, and their presence there may possibly account for these particular lichens.
[1068] Wainio 1897.
[1069] Wainio 1909.
[1070] Elenkin 1906.
[1071] Darbishire 1905.
[1072] Hue 1915.
[1073] Darbishire 1912.
[1074] Lindsay 1870.
[1075] Calkins 1896.
[1076] Hue 1898.
[1077] Fink 1903.
[1078] Wainio 1896.
[1079] Comm. Heber Howe.
[1080] Herre 1910.
[1081] Nylander 1890.
[1082] Müller 1879.
[1083] Nylander and Crombie 1884.
[1084] Babington 1855.
[1085] Stirton 1875.
[1086] Nylander 1888.
[1087] Hellbom 1896.
[1088] Wilson 1892.
[1089] Müller-Argau 1884.
[1090] Stizenberger 1888-1895.
[1091] Steiner 1895.
[1092] Flagey 1892.
[1093] Wainio 1890.
[1094] Wainio 1890, II. p. 27 (recorded under Lecidea).
[1095] Elenkin and Woronichin 1908.
[1096] Jaczewski 1904.
[1097] Steiner 1919.
[1098] Müller 1892.
[1099] Nylander 1867.
[1100] Leighton 1869.
[1101] Nylander 1900.
[1102] Nylander 1891.
[1103] Schimper 1869, p. 145.
[1104] Lindsay 1879.
[1105] Braun 1840.
[1106] Muenster 1846, p. 26.
[1107] Eltingshausen and Debey 1857.
[1108] Engelhardt 1870 (Pl. I. figs. 1 and 2).
[1109] Goeppert 1845, p. 195.
[1110] See Schimper 1869, pp. 145, etc.
[1111] Goeppert and Menge 1883, t. 1, fig. 3.
[1112] Ludwig 1859, p. 61 (t. 9, figs. 1-4), 1859-61.
[1113] Schimper in Zittel 1890.
[1114] Goeppert and Menge 1883.
[1115] Sernander 1918.
[1117] Moss 1913.
[1118] Macmillan 1894.
[1121] West 1915.
[1122] Fink 1894.
[1123] Kihlman 1890.
[1124] Nilson 1907.
[1125] Lindsay 1869.
[1126] Sättler 1914.
[1127] Peirce 1898.
[1128] Schrenk 1898.
[1129] Nylander 1866.
[1130] Hue 1898.
[1131] Wheldon and Wilson 1915.
[1132] Paulson and Thompson 1911.
[1133] Paulson and Thompson 1912.
[1134] Chodat 1912.
[1135] Fée 1824.
[1136] Fries 1831.
[1137] Krempelhuber 1861.
[1138] Arnold 1891, etc.
[1139] Fink 1902.
[1140] Watson 1909.
[1141] Paulson 1919.
[1142] Lesdain 1912.
[1143] Fink 1896, etc.
[1144] Stahl 1877.
[1145] Fink 1902, etc.
[1146] Arnold 1891.