[961] Bitter 1904.

[962] Zukal 1893.

[963] Lister 1911.

[964] Zopf 1897.

[965] Zukal 1896, p. 258.

[966] Zukal 1896, p. 255.

[967] Cunningham 1879.

[968] Friedrich 1906, p. 401.

[969] See p. 78.

[970] Gleditsch 1775, p. 31.

[971] Lindau 1895, p. 53.

[972] Dufrenoy 1881.

[973] Porter 1917.

[974] Friedrich 1906.

[975] Waite 1893.

[976] Lesdain 1912.

[977] Zopf 1907.

[978] Lesdain 1910.

[979] Zukal 1896, p. 258.

[980] See p. 51.

[981] See p. 177 et seq.

[982] Zahlbruckner 1903.

[983] Steiner 1896.

[984] Müller-Argau 1880.

[985] Wainio 1890, p. xxiii.

[986] Lloyd 1917.

[987] Rehm 1890.

[988] Reinke 1894.

[989] See p. 260.

[990] Wainio 1890.

[991] Müller-Argau 1862.

[992] Rehm 1890.

[993] Rehm 1890.

[994] Tobler 1911², p. 407.

[995] Lightfoot 1777, p. 965.

[996] See Chap. III.

[997] Forssell 1885.

[998] Hue 1911¹.

[999] See p. 133.

[1000] Zahlbruckner 1907.

[1001] Reinke 1895.

[1002] See p. 126.

[1003] Reinke 1895.

[1004] Neubner 1893.

[1005] Reinke 1895, p. 110.

[1006] Wainio 1890.

[1007] See Chap. III.

[1008] Wainio 1897.

[1009] See Chap. III.

[1010] Sättler 1914.

[1011] See p. 90.

[1012] Darbishire 1912.

[1013] See p. 101.

[1014] See p. 188.

[1015] Dr Church (1920) has published a new conception of the origin of lichens. See postscript at the end of the volume, p. 421.

[1016] Tournefort 1694.

[1017] Morison 1699.

[1018] Dillenius 1741.

[1019] Linnaeus 1753.

[1020] Acharius 1803.

[1021] Acharius 1810.

[1022] Acharius 1814.

[1023] Wallroth 1825.

[1024] Meyer 1825.

[1025] Nylander 1854.

[1026] Reinke 1894, ’95, ’96.

[1027] Darbishire and Fischer-Benzon 1901.

[1028] Wainio 1887, ’94, ’97.

[1029] Wainio 1890.

[1030] Zahlbruckner 1907.

[1031] Massee 1887.

[1032] Fischer 1890.

[1033] Linnaeus 1753.

[1034] Steiner 1901.

[1035] See p. 56.

[1036] Norman 1872 and ’74.

[1037] Genera marked with an asterisk have not been found in the British Isles.

[1038] Zukal 1890.

[1039] Hue 1914.

[1040] Hue 1909.

[1041] Hue 1905.

[1042] Zahlbr., in Hedwigia, LIX. p. 301, 1917.

[1043] Riddle 1917.

[1044] Bioret 1914.

[1045] Reinke 1895.

[1046] Darbishire 1898.

[1047] Hue 1909.

[1048] Nylander 1855.

[1049] Nylander 1883.

[1050] Lorrain Smith 1906.

[1051] Neophyllis Wils. is synonymous with Gymnoderma.

[1052] Lindau 1899.

[1053] Stirton 1877, p. 164.

[1054] A. Zahlbruckner, in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. 1919, p. 163.

[1055] Bitter 1904².

[1056] Hue 1892.

[1057] Hue 1914.

[1058] Tuckerman 1872, p. 107.

[1059] See p. 188.

[1060] Hue 1908.

[1061] See p. 152.

[1062] Olivier 1907.

[1063] Th. Fries 1867.

[1064] Darbishire 1909.

[1065] Hue 1892.

[1066] Arnold 1890.

[1067] These genera are associated with Trentepohlia algae which are numerous and abundant in tropical climates, and their presence there may possibly account for these particular lichens.

[1068] Wainio 1897.

[1069] Wainio 1909.

[1070] Elenkin 1906.

[1071] Darbishire 1905.

[1072] Hue 1915.

[1073] Darbishire 1912.

[1074] Lindsay 1870.

[1075] Calkins 1896.

[1076] Hue 1898.

[1077] Fink 1903.

[1078] Wainio 1896.

[1079] Comm. Heber Howe.

[1080] Herre 1910.

[1081] Nylander 1890.

[1082] Müller 1879.

[1083] Nylander and Crombie 1884.

[1084] Babington 1855.

[1085] Stirton 1875.

[1086] Nylander 1888.

[1087] Hellbom 1896.

[1088] Wilson 1892.

[1089] Müller-Argau 1884.

[1090] Stizenberger 1888-1895.

[1091] Steiner 1895.

[1092] Flagey 1892.

[1093] Wainio 1890.

[1094] Wainio 1890, II. p. 27 (recorded under Lecidea).

[1095] Elenkin and Woronichin 1908.

[1096] Jaczewski 1904.

[1097] Steiner 1919.

[1098] Müller 1892.

[1099] Nylander 1867.

[1100] Leighton 1869.

[1101] Nylander 1900.

[1102] Nylander 1891.

[1103] Schimper 1869, p. 145.

[1104] Lindsay 1879.

[1105] Braun 1840.

[1106] Muenster 1846, p. 26.

[1107] Eltingshausen and Debey 1857.

[1108] Engelhardt 1870 (Pl. I. figs. 1 and 2).

[1109] Goeppert 1845, p. 195.

[1110] See Schimper 1869, pp. 145, etc.

[1111] Goeppert and Menge 1883, t. 1, fig. 3.

[1112] Ludwig 1859, p. 61 (t. 9, figs. 1-4), 1859-61.

[1113] Schimper in Zittel 1890.

[1114] Goeppert and Menge 1883.

[1115] Sernander 1918.

[1116] See p. 392.

[1117] Moss 1913.

[1118] Macmillan 1894.

[1119] See p. 240 et seq.

[1120] See p. 238.

[1121] West 1915.

[1122] Fink 1894.

[1123] Kihlman 1890.

[1124] Nilson 1907.

[1125] Lindsay 1869.

[1126] Sättler 1914.

[1127] Peirce 1898.

[1128] Schrenk 1898.

[1129] Nylander 1866.

[1130] Hue 1898.

[1131] Wheldon and Wilson 1915.

[1132] Paulson and Thompson 1911.

[1133] Paulson and Thompson 1912.

[1134] Chodat 1912.

[1135] Fée 1824.

[1136] Fries 1831.

[1137] Krempelhuber 1861.

[1138] Arnold 1891, etc.

[1139] Fink 1902.

[1140] Watson 1909.

[1141] Paulson 1919.

[1142] Lesdain 1912.

[1143] Fink 1896, etc.

[1144] Stahl 1877.

[1145] Fink 1902, etc.

[1146] Arnold 1891.