[1147] Mayfield 1916.

[1148] Paulson and Thompson 1913.

[1149] Lesdain 1910².

[1150] Lettau 1911.

[1151] Fink 1903.

[1152] Wheldon and Wilson 1907.

[1153] Arnold 1892, p. 34.

[1154] Wheldon and Wilson 1915.

[1155] See p. 358.

[1156] Aigret 1901.

[1157] Kieffer 1894.

[1158] Stahlecker 1906.

[1159] Link 1795.

[1160] Malinowski 1911.

[1161] See also p. 254.

[1162] Fink 1904.

[1163] Link 1789.

[1164] Watson 1918².

[1165] Wheldon and Wilson 1907.

[1166] Flagey 1901.

[1167] Bruce Fink 1902².

[1168] Forssell 1885.

[1169] Servit 1910.

[1170] Malinowski 1911.

[1171] Bachmann 1914.

[1172] West 1912.

[1173] Wheldon and Wilson 1913.

[1174] Stahlecker 1906.

[1175] Malinowski 1911.

[1176] Wheldon and Wilson 1915.

[1177] Wheldon and Wilson 1907.

[1178] Schade 1916.

[1179] Lesdain 1910.

[1180] Arnold 1858.

[1181] Richard 1877.

[1182] Darbishire 1909.

[1183] Cf. p. 234.

[1184] Paulson and Thompson 1913.

[1185] Wheldon and Wilson 1913.

[1186] Weddell 1875.

[1187] Knowles 1913.

[1188] The two morphologically similar plants Ramalina cuspidata and R. scopulorum are here united under the older name R. siliquosa. The distinction between the two is based on reaction tests with potash, which give very uncertain results.

[1189] Nylander 1861.

[1190] Knowles 1915.

[1191] Wheldon and Wilson 1913.

[1192] Sandstede 1904.

[1193] Aigret 1901.

[1194] Wheldon and Wilson 1915.

[1195] Watson 1918¹.

[1196] Sandstede 1904.

[1197] McLean 1915.

[1198] Wheldon and Wilson 1915.

[1199] Wheldon and Wilson 1914.

[1200] Maheu 1887.

[1201] Leighton 1867.

[1202] Kihlman 1890.

[1203] Nilson 1907.

[1204] Darbishire 1909.

[1205] Flagey 1901.

[1206] Patouillard 1897.

[1207] Steiner 1895.

[1208] Bruce Fink 1909.

[1209] Herre 1911².

[1210] See p. 97.

[1211] Lindsay 1856.

[1212] Macmillan 1894.

[1213] Knowles in litt.

[1214] Bruce Fink 1903.

[1215] Lettau 1911.

[1216] Wheldon and Wilson 1915.

[1217] Wheldon and Wilson 1913.

[1218] Linnaeus 1762.

[1219] Guembel 1856.

[1220] Goeppert 1860.

[1221] Salter 1856.

[1222] Bachmann 1911.

[1223] Bachmann 1913.

[1224] Braun 1917.

[1225] Treub 1888.

[1226] Brez 1791.

[1227] Persoon 1794.

[1228] Zukal 1895, p. 1317 (note).

[1229] Zukal 1895, p. 1315.

[1230] Zopf 1896.

[1231] Stahl 1904.

[1232] Hue 1915.

[1233] Zopf 1907.

[1234] Bitter 1899.

[1235] Petch 1913.

[1236] Paulson and Thompson 1913.

[1237] Michael 1884.

[1238] Zopf 1907.

[1239] Lesdain 1910.

[1240] Wheldon 1914.

[1241] See also p. 267.

[1242] Paulson and Thompson 1913.

[1243] Stone 1896.

[1244] Tutt 1900, p. 107.

[1245] Zopf 1907, p. 372.

[1246] Kihlman 1890.

[1247] Linnaeus 1762.

[1248] Johnson 1861.

[1249] Lindsay 1856.

[1250] Willemet 1787.

[1251] Keller 1866.

[1252] Proust 1906.

[1253] Johnson 1861.

[1254] Church 1880.

[1255] Brown 1898.

[1256] Hutchinson 1916.

[1257] Forskål 1875, p. 193.

[1258] Watt 1890.

[1259] Calkins 1892.

[1260] Miyoshi 1893.

[1261] See p. 422.

[1262] Eversmann 1825.

[1263] Berkeley 1849.

[1264] Visiani 1867.

[1265] Errera 1893.

[1266] Müller-Argau 1881, p. 526.

[1267] See p. 138.

[1268] From an examination of old figures of the Muscus cranii, Arnold (1892, p. 53) has decided that several kinds of lichens or hepatics are included in this designation.

[1269] Parkinson 1640, p. 1313.

[1270] Ray 1686, p. 117.

[1271] Amoreux 1787, p. 46.

[1272] Dillenius 1741, p. 202.

[1273] Lightfoot 1777, II. p. 846.

[1274] Dorstenius 1540.

[1275] Culpepper 1652.

[1276] Hill 1751.

[1277] Cordus 1561.

[1278] Sibbald 1684.

[1279] Ray 1686.

[1280] Linnaeus 1737.

[1281] Scopoli 1760.

[1282] Cramer 1880.

[1283] Kobert 1895.

[1284] Keegan 1905.

[1285] Henneguy 1883.

[1286] Kobert 1895.

[1287] Neubert 1893.

[1288] See p. 228.

[1289] Gmelin 1752, p. 425.

[1290] Léorier 1825.

[1291] Stenberg 1868.

[1292] Richard 1877.

[1293] Henneguy 1883.

[1294] Wainio 1887, p. 47.

[1295] Hellbom 1886, p. 72.

[1296] Hoffmann 1787.

[1297] Westring 1792 and 1793.

[1298] Westring 1805-1809.

[1299] Zopf 1907.

[1300] Ronceray 1904.

[1301] Zopf 1907.

[1302] Zahlbruckner (1905, p. 109) quotes from Czapek a statement that orchil fermentation is brought about by an obligate aerobic bacillus.

[1303] Zopf 1907, p. 393.

[1304] Lindsay 1855.

[1305] Bohler 1835, N. 10.

[1306] Johnson 1861.

[1307] Lindsay 1855.

[1308] Linnaeus 1711.

[1309] Linnaeus 1760.

[1310] Willemet etc. 1787.

[1311] Zopf 1907.

[1312] Lindsay 1855.

[1313] Lettau 1914.

[1314] Sorby 1873.

[1315] Gerard 1597.

[1316] Amoreux 1787.

[1317] Hue 1889.

[1318] Hue 1900.

[1319] Bauhin 1650, p. 88.

[1320] Zwelser 1672.

[1321] Georgi 1779.

[1322] Amoreux 1787.

[1323] Dundonald 1801.

[1324] Henneguy 1883.

[1325] See p. 302.

[1326] Journ. Bot. LVIII. pp. 213-9; 262-7, 1920.

[1327] Bot. Memoirs, 3, Oxford, 1919.

[1328] Church in litt.

[1329] Journ. Bot. l.c.

[1330] See p. 271 ante.

[1331] See p. 302 ante.

[1332] Chemist and Druggist, XCII. pp. 25-26, 1920; Bot. Abstracts, N. 903, p. 135, 1920.