A
Absolute, Driesch’s theory of, 47.
Acceleration (in physics), 355.
Acquired characters induced by the environment, 216;
 a means of transformism, 220;
 evidence of transmission scanty, 225;
 transmission not inconceivable, 226.
Actions, categories of, and consciousness, 282;
 deliberative, 283;
 mechanistic hypothesis of, 157;
 stereotyped, 283;
 at a distance, 304.
Activation of the ovum, 176.
Adaptability, indicative of dominance, 258.
Adaptation, 217;
 and acquired characters, 219;
 and changes of morphology and function, 219;
 not inherited, 220;
 causes of, 239.
Adaptive response, 219.
Adiabatic changes, 361.
Aggregates, molecular, 353.
Algæ, distribution of, 260.
Allelomorphs, Mendelian, 231.
Alternation of generations, 175.
Amido-substances, 88.
Anabolism, 88.
Anatomical parts, homologies of, 251.
Animal action, considered objectively, 278.
Animal and plant contrasted, 269.
Animality, 269.
Annectant forms of life, 253.
Annelids, morphology of, 248.
Anthropomorphism in theories of action, 148.
Anti-enzymes, 94.
Antitoxins, 36.
Ants, a dominant group, 260.
Appendix vermiformis, 250.
Approximation, standards of, 347.
Armoured animals, 263.
Arthropods, morphology of, 249;
 a dominant group, 259;
 distribution, 260;
 musculature of, 275;
 adaptations for mobility, 275;
 limits to size of, 275.
Assimilation, 67.
Atoms, constitution of, 355;
 arrangements of, 353.
Automatism of animals deduced from mechanistic theories, 280.
Autonomy in development, 322.
Available energy, 62;
 and entropy, 374.

B
Bacteria, a dominant group, 259;
 distribution, 259;
 geological history, 259, 261;
 morphology, 268;
 metabolism, 266;
 specialisation, 263;
 parasitism, 259;
 nitrogen, 73;
 prototrophic, 119, 266;
 paratrophic, 266;
 putrefactive, 266;
 fermentation, 266;
 and Brownian movements, 119;
 compensatory to plants, 267.
Bergson, 28;
 creative evolution, 244;
 duration, 154;
 animals and plants, 78;
 eye of Pecten, 234;
 inert matter, 375;
 infinitesimal analysis of the organism, 111;
 kinematographic analysis, 110;
 theory of intellectualism, 51;
 memory, 156;
 morphological themes, 250;
 theory of pain, 281;
 theory of perception, 7, 10;
 the vital impetus, 318.
Biology, systematic, 201, 203.
Biophors, 132;
 size of, 183;
 growth of, 185.
Biotic energy, 325.
Borelli and animal mechanism, 125.
Brownian movement, 118;
 significance of, 119.
Bryan and thermodynamics, 62.
Bud-formation, 165.

C
Calculus, infinitesimal, 25, 115, 350.
Calorimetric experiments, 65, 68.
Capacity-energy factors, 61.
Carnot’s cycle, 69, 78, 113;
 negative, 368;
 description of, 363, 366;
 compared with plant metabolism, 75;
 compared with the organism, 73.
Catalysis, 90;
 universality of, 91.
Catalysts, characters of, 91.
Categories of organisms, 209.
Central nervous system, specialisation of, 273;
 a switchboard, 273;
 evolution of, parallel with evolution of muscular system, 281.
Chance in evolution, 237.
Chemical affinity, 361.
Chemical energy, degradation of, 75.
Chemical reactions, direction of, 78;
 exothermic, 86;
 explosive, 86;
 similar in organic and inorganic systems, 78.
Chemical synthesis, involve vital activity, 318.
Chemistry, medieval, 125.
Chlorophyll, 69.
Chlorophyllian organisms, 88;
 metabolism of, 265;
 a dominant group, 259;
 essential morphology of, 268;
 distribution of, 260.
Chromatin of the nucleus, 130;
 the material basis of inheritance, 182.
Chromosomes, 130, 182, 183.
Classification of organisms, 209.
Classificatory systems, are artificial arrangements, 289;
 suggest evolutionary process, 210.
Clausius, 54;
 and Carnot’s Law, 113.
Cœlenterates, morphology of, 248.
Cœlomate animals, 256.
Colloidal platinum, 91.
Colloids, 107.
Colonial organisms, 164.
Comparative anatomy, task of, 251.
Compensatory energy-transformations effected by life, 309.
Conjugation, 173;
 and heredity, 176;
 a stimulus to growth, 175.
Consciousness involves analysis of the environment, 11;
 analysis of, is an arbitrary process, 12;
 a feeling of normality, 6;
 a part of crude sensation, 40;
 simplified by reasoning, 41;
 an intensive multiplicity, 303;
 degree of, is parallel to development of sensori-motor system, 280;
 not existent outside ourselves, 278;
 not a function of chemico-physical mechanism, 160;
 intense in difficultly performed operations, 281;
 and activity of cerebral cortex, 281;
 absent in parasites, 291.
Conservation a test of reality, 357.
Conservation of energy, 52;
 in organisms, 83.
Conservation of structure, 253, 256.
Constants, mathematical, 344.
Continuity of cells in embryo, 171.
Contractility, 100;
 muscular, 103.
Co-ordinates, systems of, 23.
Corals, 164.
Cosmic evolution, 314;
 is a tendency towards degradation of energy, 316.
Creation, special, 214.
Curvature, 27.
Curves, isothermal and adiabatic, 362.
Cuttle-fishes, 250.
Cytoplasm, 130.

D
Darwin, and natural selection, 221;
 acquired characters are inherited, 220;
 hypothesis of pangenesis, 181.
Death, is catastrophic katabolism, 340.
Degradation of energy, 81.
Deliberation and consciousness, 281.
Demons, Maxwell’s, 116.
Descartes and mechanism, 121;
 the rational soul, 123, 318;
 his physiology, 122;
 his spiritualism, 124;
 and animal automatism, 125.
Descent, collateral, 257.
Determinants in embryology, 132, 183;
 arrangement of, 184;
 latent in regenerative processes, 142.
Development, organisation in, 128;
 parthenogenetic, 176;
 reverses inorganic tendencies, 324;
 impossibility of chemical hypotheses, 141;
 is the assumption of a mosaic structure, 301;
 blastula stage in, 129;
 gastrula stage in, 130;
 pluteus stage in, 140;
 individual, 300.
Developmental systems prospective value of, 138;
 prospective potency of, 138.
Diatoms, 163;
 distribution of, 260.
Differential elements, 115.
Differentiation in development, 170.
Diffusion in the animal body, 95.
Digestion, 67;
 chemistry of, 72.
Dinosaurs, an unsuccessful line of evolution, 275.
Dissipation of energy, 114;
 in physical mechanisms, 59;
 by the organism, 68, 79.
Distribution of organisms, 262;
 limits to, 259;
 indicative of dominance, 258.
Diversity, physical, 54;
 effective and ineffective, 115.
Dominance in geological time, 258;
 implies long geological history, 261;
 Mendelian, 196.
Dominant organisms, 258, 259, 264.
Driesch natural selection, 229;
 analytical definition of the organism, 331;
 entelechy, 318;
 experimental embryology, 134;
 historical basis of reacting, 154;
 logical proof of vitalism, 136;
 proof of vitalism from behaviour, 153;
 theory of the absolute, 47.
Duration, 28;
 duration and time illustrated, 30;
 illustrated by immunity, 35;
 more than memory, 155;
 a factor in responding, 155.

E
Ecdysis, 276.
Echinoderms, morphology of, 248.
Ectoderm, 177.
Effector organs, 158, 271.
Élan vital, 161.
Electromagnetism, 355.
Electrons, 304, 355.
Elimination, natural, 229.
Embryological stages compared with physical phases, 308.
Embryology, 127;
 hypotheses of, 128;
 physical hypotheses fail, 128;
 experimental, 128;
 suggests phylogenetic history, 213.
Emulsoids, 108.
Endoskeleton, 177, 276.
Energetics, first law of, 51;
 second law of, 113.
Energy, 356;
 available and unavailable, 55;
 biotic, 325;
 chemical, 61;
 and causation, 54;
 degradation of, 63;
 dissipation of, 53;
 electrical, 61;
 forms of, 325;
 kinetic, 52, 357;
 mechanical, 60, 61;
 potential, 53, 358;
 of position, 360.
Energy-transformations, 54, 371;
 anabolic, 89;
 in the animal, 70;
 compensatory, 88;
 compensatory organic, 268;
 irreversible, 59;
 in physical mechanisms, 58;
 in the plant, 71.
Engelmann, and the artificial muscle, 105.
Entelechy, 161, 318;
 not energy, 329;
 is power of direction, 329;
 not spatial but acts into space, 330;
 an intensive manifoldness, 330;
 is arrangement, 323;
 involves regulations, 323;
 arrests inorganic happening, 327;
 initiates chemical happening, 327;
 compared with enzyme action, 327;
 illustrated by analogy, 322.
Entropy, 54;
 augmentation of, 75;
 and Carnot engine, 369.
Environment, does not select variations, 235;
 made by the organism, 236.
Enzymes, 90;
 nature of, 92;
 pancreatic, 93;
 reversible, 93;
 activation of, 92.
Enzyme activity, 93.
Epigenesis in development, 129.
Equilibrium, chemical, 102.
 false, 86, 151.
Ether of space, 46, 304, 361;
 potential energy resides in, 361.
Evolution tendencies of, 252, 264, 276, 295;
 separation of tendencies, 296;
 a transformation of intensive into extensive manifoldness, 309;
 a dissociation of tendencies originally coalescent, 305;
 increases diversity, 310;
 segregates energy, 311;
 compared with permutations and combinations, 301;
 a series of phases in a transforming system, 298;
 a logical hypothesis, 214;
 parallel processes in, 234;
 geological time inadequate for, 237;
 side paths in, 262;
 mechanistic hypotheses inadequate, 237;
 cosmic, 214, 297, 314;
 of the crust of the earth, 264.
Excretory products, 269.
Exoskeleton, 276.
Exothermic reactions, 86.
Experience and duration, 156.
Experimental biology proves evolution, 246.
Explosive reactions, 101.
Extension in space, 18.
Extinct groups, 263.

F
Fats, digestion of, 93.
Fecundity of animals, 179, 239.
Ferments, 92.
Fertilisation (in reproduction), 176.
Finalism, 216.
Fishes, distribution of, 261.
Fluctuating variations, 200.
Food-stuffs, absorption of, 89.
Force, 354.
Form, accidental and essential, 167, 353;
 geological, 168;
 crystalline, 168.
Frequency distributions, 22, 187, 350.
Frog, development of egg of, 131.
Functionality, 343;
 in physical systems, 307.

G
Galvanotropism, 145.
Gases, compression of, 362;
 kinetic theory of, 117, 361.
Gastrea-theory, 177;
 illustrated, 255;
 limitations of, 256.
Genera, stability of, 186.
Geometry, Cartesian, 25;
 Euclidean, 19, 25;
 perceptual and conceptual limits, 21.
Geotropism, 144.
Germ-cells, 175;
 and soma, 179.
Germinal selection, 241.
Germ-layers, 177;
 theory of, 256.
Germ-plasm, a mixture, 240;
 stability of, 240.
Givenness, 47.
Gonads, 179.
Growth law of, in the organism, 172;
 by accretion, 169;
 by ecdysis, 276;
 geometrical, 169;
 physical, 167;
 of crystals, 167;
 and differentiation, 170;
 variability of, 172.

H
Haeckel, the Gastrea-Theorie, 177, 254.
Harmonic analysis, 11.
Harvey, and the circulation of the blood, 121.
Heat, flow of, 117;
 production of, in physical changes, 114.
Heliotropism, 144.
Heredity, 181.
Hertzian waves, 355.
Homoiothermic animals, 67.
Hormones, 225.
Human activity, tends to arrest dissipation of energy, 312.
Huxley, 84;
 and mechanistic biology, 127;
 and the physical basis of life, 113;
 and mechanism, 106;
 and universal mathematics, 215.
Hybrids, Mendelian, 196;
 infertility of, 195;
 between Linnean species, 194.
Hydra, regeneration of, 162.

I
Idants, 183.
Idealism founded on pure reasoning, 45;
 of Berkeley, 45.
Ids, 183.
Immunity, 35.
Individual, 162;
 definition of, 167.
Individuality, orders of, 163;
 physical concept of, 165;
 morphologically an artificial concept, 166;
 in societies, 171.
Inertia, 354.
Infinity, a definition of, 342.
Inorganic happening abolishes diversity, 310.
Instinct, a problem for naturalists, 283;
 an inheritable adaptation of behaviour, 287.
Instinct and intelligence, 283;
 distinction not absolute, 294;
 may coexist, 306.
Instinct and functioning, 286.
Instinctive actions not necessarily unconscious, 283;
 not learned, 286;
 not necessarily perfect, 284;
 effective from the first, 285;
 capable of improvement, 285.
Intelligent actions, non-inheritable adaptations of behaviour, 287;
 involve deliberation, 50, 287;
 involve conscious relations with the environment, 288;
 involve use of tools, 284.
Intensity-factors, 61.
Intensive multiplicity, 303.
Irreversibility, 62.
Irritability, 100.
Isothermal changes, 361.

J
James, William (and academic philosophies), 80.
Jennings, and physiological states, 154;
 behaviour of Protozoa, 293;
 animal movements, 149;
 the avoiding reaction,