PENNSYLVANIA.

1. Port Kennedy, Montgomery County.—In 1871, Wheatley announced (Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 3, vol. I, p. 384) that he had discovered in the Port Kennedy bone cave 2 species of tapirs (Tapirus americanus and T. haysii). In 1899 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. II, p. 253), Cope stated that remains of 35 or more tapirs had been discovered in this cave. He referred all to T. haysii. These tapirs will be mentioned again on page 312, where the geological relations of the cave and its contents are considered.

2. Frankstown, Blair County.—In 1908, Dr. W. J. Holland reported (Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. IV, p. 231) found in a bone cave at Frankstown the third and fourth lower premolars of a tapir about the size of Tapir americanus, which name is a synonym of T. terrestris. This will be mentioned in the discussion of the geology of the region on page 321.

OHIO.

1. New Salisbury?, Columbiana County.—Somewhere in the region probably of the town named was found, about 1850, a jaw of a tapir, apparently mentioned first by Louis Agassiz (Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. V, 1851, p. 179), who referred to it as a jaw of a pachyderm. Leidy, in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 107), reported that he had studied a much-mutilated fragment of the lower jaw of the smaller variety of the extinct tapir, which had belonged to Professor J. Brainerd, of Cleveland. It had been found in the valley of Yellow Creek, in Columbiana County, in an erosion of the coal series. It was covered with 30 feet of clay, at a height of 186 feet above low-water in Ohio River. Charles Whittlesey, in 1866 (Smithson. Contrib. Knowl., vol. XV, art. 3, p. 16), stated that this specimen was taken from “valley drift,” of Yellow Creek, in Columbiana County, by Mr. E. White, C. E., in a cut of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Inasmuch as Yellow Creek itself does not enter the county named, reference must be to what is called, on the topographical sheet of the U. S. Geological Survey, North Fork of Yellow Creek. The railroad follows this creek for many miles in the county. The town of New Salisbury is taken as being probably not far from the locality. It is not known what became of this specimen, nor is it possible to say to which species it belonged. It is to be referred probably to the Sangamon stage.

INDIANA.

1. Evansville, Vanderburg County.—Tapir remains have been found at only one place in Indiana, viz, in the banks of the Ohio River at the mouth of Pigeon Creek, a short distance below Evansville. A single lower hinder molar formed part of a collection made by Mr. Francis A. Lincke and described by Leidy (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 199). This tooth was figured by Leidy in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 107, plate XVII, figs. 9, 10) under the name Tapirus haysii. Associated with the tooth were remains of Megalonyx jeffersonii, a bison of probably an extinct species, the Virginia deer, the horse known as Equus complicatus, and the large extinct wolf Ænocyon dirus.

On page 32 is discussed the probable age of the bone-bed which contained the animals named above. It is concluded that the age is possibly the Aftonian, but more probably the Sangamon. This species of tapir has been found at Bigbone Lick, Kentucky, between Louisville and Cincinnati, in deposits containing Equus complicatus, 2 extinct species of Bison, deer, etc. The deposits lie on Illinoian drift and are in part, at least, of Sangamon age.

MARYLAND.

1. Corriganville, Allegany County.—In a crevice in limestone rock, at a point about 3 miles west of north of Cumberland, Mr. J. W. Gidley found a tooth of a tapir. The tooth has never been specifically identified. A list of the associated species, as far as determined, will be given on page 350.

VIRGINIA.

1. Ivanhoe, Wythe County.—In 1869 (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. XI, p. 176), Cope announced the discovery of several lower molars of a tapir in what he regarded as cave breccia, along New River. These teeth he found to be somewhat larger than those of T. terrestris, the Central and South American species, and he referred them to Tapirus haysii. A list of the species found here is given on page 353.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

1. Charleston, Charleston County.—In 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 106, plate XVII, figs. 2, 3), Leidy described briefly and figured 2 injured upper cheek-teeth of a tapir found in the Pleistocene of Ashley River, and referred by him to Tapirus americanus fossilis, on the supposition that they were not different from those of the existing South American tapir, but larger. The larger of the two teeth (fig. 2) appears to have had a fore-and-aft diameter of about 29 mm. It seems, therefore, to belong to Leidy’s species Tapirus haysii. Under the same name, T. americanus fossilis, Leidy illustrated (figs. 11, 12) a lower molar found on Ashley River. This appears to be too small to have belonged to T. haysii. Instead, however, of referring it to T. americanus (=T. terrestris) it may possibly be found to belong to T. veroensis Sellards, the lower molars of which are not certainly known. The length of the tooth figured by Leidy is that of a second molar of T. terrestris, but the width is greater than in the latter.

In the Charleston Museum is a part of a left ramus of the lower jaw of a tapir likewise referred to T. veroensis Sellards. This fragment contains all 3 of the true molars. The following measurements were secured:

In the collection of Charles C. Pinckney, at Lambs, South Carolina, are 2 tapir teeth, one of which is an upper molar, not yet come into use, apparently the last tooth of the right side. The length of the crown is 25.5 mm., the width in front 27.5 mm., behind about 23 mm. In front is a pretty strong cingulum, but there is none behind. This tooth is referred to Tapirus haysii.

In the Scanlan collection from Charleston, now the property of Yale University, are various specimens of tapirs. An upper left second molar is slightly worn. The length is 24 mm., the width 30 mm. The outer border of the crown makes a right angle with the anterior border; in T. terrestris the outer anterior corner is considerably less than a right angle. In the latter the hinder faces of the protocone and of the hypocone are concave; in the tooth here described both hinder faces are swollen, and the crests appear more depressed than in T. terrestris. It is regarded as belonging to T. haysii.

In the Scanlan collection are 3 lower molars which the writer refers to T. haysii. The following are the measurements:

In the Scanlan collection is a fragment of the left maxilla with 4 teeth, the last premolar and the 3 molars. The specimen resembles figure 1 of Leidy’s plate XVII of Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina.” The teeth of the Scanlan specimens are, however, less worn. The hinder molar had not yet come through the gum. The specimen is referred to T. terrestris. The following are the measurements:

The molar teeth have an acute angle between the anterior and the outer borders, and the front and the hinder faces of the protocone and the hypocone are not so swollen as in the tooth referred to T. haysii. In apparently every respect the teeth of the fossil agree with the teeth of Tapirus terrestris from Brazil. It is to be hoped that before long a good skull of the Pleistocene tapir whose teeth so closely resemble those of T. terrestris will be discovered. If the two prove to be the same species it will seem that only the descendants of those which migrated to North America perished during the Glacial period.

There is another tooth, an upper left second molar, of T. terrestris in the Scanlan collection; also the rear half of an upper molar labeled as coming from Bull River. Other fragments of teeth are recorded as coming from Ashley River.

In the Charleston Museum (No. 13495) is a part of the left ramus of the lower jaw with the 3 molars. On measurement it is found that the teeth and jaw agree closely with those of T. terrestris.

GEORGIA.

1. Brunswick, Glynn County.—In Bulletin No. 26 of the Geological Survey of Georgia, Mr. J. W. Gidley published a list of species of vertebrate fossils which belong to the State collection at Atlanta, secured during some dredging operations at Brunswick. This list, with modifications, is incorporated in that presented on page 370. Among the fossils examined by Gidley, a tooth was recognized as that of Tapirus haysii.

FLORIDA.

1. Neals, Alachua County.—Through the kindness of Dr. E. H. Sellards, State geologist of Florida, the writer has been permitted to examine various teeth (No. 1186, Florida Geological Survey) taken from the T. A. Thompson phosphate mines at Neals. Among these is a lower left milk molar of a tapir. The length of the crown is 21 mm., the width at the front lobe 14 mm., at the hinder lobe 12.5 mm. The buttresses are well developed. The tooth may be provisionally referred to Tapirus terrestris, yet living in Brazil. Although this tooth was found in phosphate materials, it seemed to Dr. Sellards more probable that it was an intrusion from Pleistocene deposits. The present writer refers the Alachua clays to the Nebraskan stage of the Pleistocene. Sellards has referred to this tooth in his Eighth Annual Report, 1916, p. 94.

2. Archer, Alachua County.—In 1884 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, p. 119), Leidy briefly described a tooth of a tapir found by Dr. J. C. Neal, of Archer, Florida. This is now in the U. S. National Museum, No. 3329. The tooth is the third premolar of the left side, implanted in a fragment of maxilla. The crown is 23 mm. long and 27 mm. wide. Leidy stated that it differed neither in form nor size from the corresponding tooth of the living Tapirus americanus (T. terrestris); but in a specimen of this the corresponding tooth is only 18.5 mm. long and 25 mm. wide. The fossil agrees in size with the same tooth of T. haysii from the Port Kennedy Cave in Pennsylvania (Hay, Geol. Surv. Indiana, vol. XXIII, p. 593). With this tooth had been found teeth of a young mastodon, remains of several individuals of a species of rhinoceros, some foot-bones of a llama, a calcaneum which Leidy thought possibly belonged to the extinct Cervus americanus (Cervalces scotti), and vertebral centra of a small crocodile. The cervalces was afterwards dropped from the lists. These remains had been found in a bed of clay, occupying a ridge in a pine forest. The deposits are now known as the Alachua clays, and they, as well as the contained fossils, will be discussed on page 375. The tapir remains are not included in Leidy’s list given in Bulletin 84 of the U. S. Geological Survey.

3. Dunnellon, Marion County.—The writer has examined a number of tapir teeth found in phosphate beds in Withlacoochee River, at Dunnellon. From the Florida geological survey an upper left second premolar (No. 1440) has been received which is considerably larger than the corresponding tooth of Tapirus terrestris and presents other peculiarities. It may have belonged to T. haysii. An upper second true molar (No. 1440) has the crown 23 mm. long, 27 mm. wide across the front lobe, and 23 mm. across the hinder lobe. The corresponding dimensions of a specimen of T. terrestris from Surinam are 24 mm., 25.5 mm., and 21.5 mm. A tooth (No. 1378) which appears to be the lower left second molar is 22.5 mm. long, 19 mm. wide in front, and 20 mm. wide behind. The corresponding measurements of T. terrestris are 22.5 mm., 18.5 mm., and 17.5 mm. The buttresses which descend from the outer ends of the crests of the fossil tooth are not so strongly developed as in T. terrestris. Probably these teeth belong to an undescribed species. An upper molar having a length of 23 mm. has been shown the writer by Dr. L. W. Stephenson; it was found in phosphate deposits at Dunnellon and sent to him by Sister M. Catherine, of St. Joseph’s Academy, at St. Augustine.

4. Near Ocala, Marion County.—Mr. J. D. Robertson, of Ocala, presented to the National Museum a tooth of a tapir, found in phosphate deposits a few miles from Ocala, section 5, township 15 south, range 23 east.

5. Tampa, Hillsboro County.—In the collection of fossils, at Vanderbilt University, made from the phosphate-producing beds in Hillsboro County, is part of the left ramus of a lower jaw of a tapir containing the first and second true molars. The first molar has a length of 24 mm. and a width of 20 mm. in front. This is smaller than the corresponding tooth of T. terrestris and near that supposed to belong to T. veroensis. The second molar has lost its hinder crest. Under the first molar the jaw is 54 mm. deep and 37 mm. thick.

The writer (Fossil Turtles of North America, p. 361) reported the finding of tapir teeth in Alafia River, in this county.

6. Vero, St. Lucie County.—At this important locality remains of tapirs have been found in the bed of sands known as No. 2, and likewise in the bed of muck mentioned in discussions of the locality as No. 3. From the latter have been secured parts of 2 lower jaws and a number of detached teeth (Sellards, 8th Ann. Rep., p. 149). One at least of these (No. 6943) appears to belong to Tapirus haysii. From No. 2 Dr. Sellards has obtained a nearly complete skull of a tapir, described (10th and 11th Ann. Rep. Fla. Geol. Surv., p. 57, plates I-IV) as Tapirus veroensis. From the same stratum he (8th Ann. Rep., p. 139) secured a part of a tooth which he referred with some doubt to T. haysii.

7. Arcadia, De Soto County.—Dr. Joseph Leidy (Trans. Wagner Free Inst., vol. II, p. 19) stated he had examined 3 crowns of upper molars and fragments of others. In no way did he find them differing from those of the South American tapir, T. americanus (T. terrestris). On page 380 will be found a list of the vertebrate fossils found in this vicinity.

MISSISSIPPI.

1. Natchez, Adams County.—In 1849 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. IV, p. 182), Dr. Leidy wrote that there was in the collection of the Academy a tooth of a tapir discovered by Dr. M. W. Dickeson near Natchez. It had been found in association with remains of the mastodon and the horse Equus americanus (=E. complicatus). The tooth was pronounced a lower molar of the left side, apparently the third milk molar, and was referred to Tapirus americanus fossilis; that is, it was looked upon as a fossil tooth of the existing South American tapir. The molar was mentioned by Leidy in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 106). The writer has seen this tooth in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia.

In 1852 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VI, p. 148), Leidy called the attention of the Academy to a fragment of a left lower jaw with 2 teeth of a tapir found in the Pleistocene near Natchez and sent to Leidy by the geologist B. L. C. Wailles. It was referred to Tapirus haysii. This specimen was figured and described by Leidy in 1860 (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 107, plate XVII, figs. 4, 5). Wailles mentioned this jaw in his work (Agric. Geol. Mississippi, 1854, p. 285), and stated that it was found in a ravine on Pine Ridge, which runs through townships 7 and 8, range 3 west, about 6 miles north of Natchez.

In a list (furnished by Dr. Joseph Leidy) of fossil mammals found in the Pleistocene of Mississippi, 2 species of tapirs are included, viz, Tapirus americanus (=T. terrestris) and T. haysii (Wailles, op. cit., p. 286; Hilgard, Agric. Geol. Mississippi, 1860, p. 196). The associated species will be listed on page 391.

TENNESSEE.

1. Whitesburg, Hamblen County.—In the U. S. National Museum is a collection of bones and teeth of several species of vertebrates, made in what may once have been the floor of a cave, near the village mentioned. On page 395 will be found a list of the species. Among the remains are 10 teeth, in fine preservation, of a young tapir, described by the writer (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVIII, p. 88, plate III, figs. 4 to 11), and made the type of a new species, Tapirus tennesseæ.

2. Dandridge, Jefferson County.—On the left bank of Dumplin (or Dumpling) Creek, about 5 miles above its entrance into French Broad River, and apparently about as many miles northwest from Dandridge, is a cavern known as Zirkel’s Cave. Dr. H. C. Mercer briefly described (Dept. Amer. and Prehist. Archæology, Univ. Penn., 1896) his investigation of the cave. He reported the finding of remains of tapir, peccary, bear, and small rodents; but these were not specifically determined.

3. Lookout Mountain, Hamilton County.—In 1894 (Amer. Naturalist, vol. XXVIII, p. 356), Mercer reported that he had found teeth of a tapir in a cave on Lookout Mountain. Cope, on page 597 of the same volume, identified these teeth as those of T. haysii. With them was found a bone, thought to belong to a mylodon.

According to a letter received by the writer from Dr. Mercer, the tapir specimen consisted of a lower right ramus, 1 left incisor, and 5 molars. The teeth appear all to have been loose and the jawbone was broken into about 8 fragments. The cave and its contents will be discussed on page 398.

4. Bristol, Sullivan County.—In the U. S. National Museum are 2 tapir teeth in a fragment of the left maxilla. These are the fourth premolar and the first molar, both considerably worn. The size of these teeth indicates that they belong to Tapirus haysii.

KENTUCKY.

1. Bigbone Lick, Boone County.—The evidences for the occurrence of a species of tapir at this place are not as convincing as might be desired. In 1852, Dr. I. Hays (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VI, p. 53) presented to the Academy a tooth of a tapir which he had had in his possession two years and which was said by him to have come from the bed of a canal in North Carolina. This tooth was named by Leidy Tapirus haysii on page 106 of the volume cited and again on page 148, but without description. It was again mentioned by him in 1853 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, p. 201) and again without description. In 1860, Leidy (Holmes’s “Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 106, plate XVI, figs. 7, 8) described and figured the tooth and stated that it was supposed to have come from Bigbone Lick. Which of the statements was correct the writer does not know.

2. Stamping Ground, Scott County.—In 1910 the writer received for examination from Professor Arthur M. Miller, professor of geology in the State University at Lexington, Kentucky, a part of a lower jaw of Tapirus haysii, found between the town named and Georgetown, in the bottom of a filled-up sink-hole encountered in lead-mining operations, on McConnell’s Run. In this specimen all the molars are complete and the roots of the 3 hinder premolars are present.

3. Yarnallton, Fayette County.—From Professor Miller there was received with the specimen above described pieces of the jaws of Tapirus haysii, discovered in an old stream-deposit at the place named. A fragment of a lower jaw was sent; also a piece of a right maxilla, with the anterior true molar complete and parts of the second molar and of the hindermost premolar. Some other parts of the skeleton were found, but they seem not to have been cared for.