1. Rochester, Monroe County.—In 1889 (Trans. Wagner Inst. Sci., vol. II, pp. 33–40), Leidy described and figured a skull of Platygonus compressus, purchased of Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, at Rochester, and said to have been found in a gravel bank in a railroad excavation, a few miles from Rochester. This skull was a part of 2 incomplete skeletons found lying together.
The writer received word from Professor Henry L. Ward, director of the Milwaukee Public Museum, that he recollects that, when a small boy, about 1873 or 1874, he went with his father, Henry A. Ward, to some point on the New York Central Railroad, where peccary remains had been found. He thinks the place was at or near Pittsford. Dr. F. A. Lucas, director of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, then in the employ of the elder Ward, writes that the place was at Pittsford, and in a gravel bank being worked by the railroad company to obtain materials for a fill. The exact depth at which the bones were found is not recalled, but it was not great.
The locality, according to Fairchild’s plate 42 (Bull. 127, State Mus., New York), is on the predecessor of Irondequoit Bay, extending out from Lake Iroquois. The peccaries possibly lived rather early in the late Wisconsin stage; but more probably their time of existence was considerably later, when the climate had become milder.
2. Gainesville, Wyoming County.—From Mr. C. A. Hartnagel, assistant State geologist of New York, the writer received notice of the discovery, in 1914, of the remains of 2 peccaries at a point about one-third of a mile northwest of Gainesville. The remains consist of 2 nearly complete skulls, parts of 5 ribs, 2 scapulæ, 2 metacarpals, 1 innominate bone, 1 ilium, 1 radius, 1 ulna, and 2 tibiæ. These have been identified by Dr. John M. Clarke as belonging to Platygonus compressus.
The manner of burial of these peccaries is puzzling and interesting. They were found in a hill, or drumlin, which stands out on a plain of considerable extent and whose long axis runs north and south. The elevation is 1,625 feet above sea-level. The drumlin is about 600 feet long, about 300 feet wide, and 40 feet high. It is composed of sand, gravel, and stones up to a foot in diameter. The bones are said to have been discovered by a contractor who was removing sand and gravel. The bones were at the south end of the drumlin and buried in a considerable pocket of sand. Those reporting the position of the bones place them at least 10 feet from the surface, and perhaps as much as 30 feet. Mr. Hartnagel thinks it is almost necessary to suppose that the skeletons were there when the drumlin was built. To the writer it would appear still more difficult to explain how they happened to be there at that time.
1. Shark River, Monmouth County.—In 1869 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, p. 387), Leidy described a tooth of a peccary shown to him by Timothy Conrad, but found by Dr. P. Knieskern, supposedly in a Miocene formation of Shark River. Leidy expressed the conclusion that the tooth resembled very closely a premolar of Dicotyles nasutus, now called Mylohyus nasutus. It is very probable that the tooth had gotten into Miocene materials by accident or that there was some error in the history, and that it really belonged to a Pleistocene peccary.
1. Stroudsburg, Monroe County.—Leidy (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1880, p. 347) reported Dicotyles nasutus from the Crystal Hill (Hartman’s) cave near Stroudsburg; but later (Ann. Rep. for 1887, Pennsylvania Geol. Surv., p. 8, plate II, figs. 3–6) he described the teeth and parts of the jaws as Dicotyles pennsylvanicus. This species will be found on page 310 under the name Mylohyus pennsylvanicus, in the list of fossils found in this cave. There too will be found a discussion of the location of the cave and the probable age of the remains.
2. Port Kennedy, Montgomery County.—In the bone cave at this place have been found 3 species of peccaries. Cope, in 1899 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. II, pp. 259–263) described these under the names Mylohyus tetragonus, M. pennsylvanicus, and M. nasutus. The first was a new species, based on a damaged lower jaw with some of the teeth (op. cit., plate XXI, figs. 3–3b). For the present the writer refers it to the genus Tagassu, inasmuch as the interval between the canine and the first premolar (pm2) is only half the length of the whole tooth row, and the molars have the structure found in Tagassu. Some teeth belonging to an upper jaw were referred with doubt to this species. They may have belonged to Mylohyus pennsylvanicus. Of the species last named, Cope had fragments of 2 lower jaw’s with some teeth in them and some teeth free from the jaws. Of Mylohyus nasutus, Cope had from the cave only an upper canine and its reference to this species is uncertain.
On page 312 will be found a list of the species of vertebrates found in the Port Kennedy Cave; also remarks on their geological age.
3. Milroy, Mifflin County.—In 1882, Leidy described (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1882, p. 302) a species of peccary found in a limestone cave in the county named, but he gave no more exact information; nor did he do so in his two subsequent references to it in 1889 (Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. II, p. 49; Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Pennsylvania for 1887, p. 12, plate II, figs. 1, 2). The specimen is in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. In the Pennsylvania survey, as quoted, the giver is called John Schwarzer. The name of the species is Platygonus vetus. The writer has been informed by J. C. Swigart, county surveyor of Mifflin County, that the proper name of the donor of the specimen was John Swartzell, a former surveyor who lived near Milroy and who was much interested in geology.
From Professor Mosheim Swartzell, of Washington, D. C., son of John Swartzell, the writer has received a letter in which are given this son’s recollections regarding the finding of the specimen in question. He states that it was discovered in Naginey’s limestone quarry, 1.5 miles south of Milroy. It came from a considerable, but now unknown, distance from the surface and was first noticed in the débris of the quarry. While Mr. John Swartzell was observing it, an ignorant workman struck it with a tool and damaged it, exclaiming that it was only the jaw of a hog. It was later sent to Philadelphia. Professor Swartzell writes that there was a cave not far away, but that the jaw was not found in it; it probably had fallen down into a crevice of the limestone.
4. Frankstown, Blair County.—In 1908 (Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. IV, p. 231), Dr. W. J. Holland reported remains of a number of peccaries found in a bone cave at the place named. He mentioned especially Dicotyles pennsylvanicus, but thought it belonged properly in Platygonus. It is probably to be referred to Mylohyus as M. pennsylvanicus.
1. Wilmington, Clinton County.—In the collection of the Archæological and Historical Museum of the University of Ohio, at Columbus, are considerable parts of the jaws, teeth, and other parts of the skeleton of a specimen of Platygonus compressus exhumed at a point about 4.5 miles north of west of Wilmington. The locality is given as being in the northeast corner of Adams Township, south of the road running northeast and southwest between Todd and Dutch Creeks; also about 0.6 mile south of the north line of Adams Township and about 0.75 mile from the east line. It would therefore be near the second northwesterly directed loop of Todd Creek in that neighborhood.
2. Columbus, Franklin County.—In 1875 (Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. XXIII, Hartford, pp. 1–6; also in Cin. Quart. Jour. Sci., vol. II, pp. 1–6), J. H. Klippart gave an account of the finding of about a dozen skeletons of Platygonus compressus. These were buried in 2 “nests” not far from each other. The bones were rather brittle and were damaged somewhat in exhuming them. The place of burial was in the bank (apparently the right) of Olentangy River, at the crossing of Olentangy and Montgomery streets. The remains were here buried in a sand-bank. One lot of 6 of the smallest animals was found in penetrating the sand bank about 20 feet from the entrance and at a depth of 8 feet from the surface. They were embedded in calcareous clay and sand. The other 6 and largest animals were found about 6 feet farther in and about 4 feet deeper. It appears that all the animals were lying with their snouts directed toward the southeast. Klippart thought that they had been destroyed suddenly and violently. It is, however, probable that they had been frozen in their beds during a winter storm. Of these skeletons it appears that half went to Professor O. C. Marsh, of Yale University, and the present writer has had the privilege of studying them. The geological age of the animals will be considered on page 330.
3. Chalfants, Perry County.—In the collection of the Archæological and Historical Museum at the University of Ohio are considerable parts of a specimen of Platygonus compressus found not far from Jonathan Creek, about a mile northeast of Chalfants. The locality, as given the writer by Professor W. C. Mills, is as follows: center of southwest quarter of section 14, township 17 north, range 16 west. The name of the political township is Hopewell. The locality appears to be on the area covered by Illinoian drift. This fact makes it possible that the animals lived during the Sangamon stage.
4. Lisbon, Columbiana County.—In the collection just mentioned is the left ramus of a lower jaw of a peccary which the writer referred with doubt to Mylohyus nasutus Leidy. It lacks so much of the front end that only 18 mm. of the symphysis is present; also, the ascending ramus is broken off. There are present the 3 milk molars and the first molar, but this is yet in its cavity in the bone. A comparison with Leidy’s M. pennsylvanicus seems to show that the jaw did not belong to that species. Of M. nasutus no lower jaw is known.
| Table of measurements, in millimeters. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specimen. | Lisbon jaw. | M. penn. | ||
| Length. | Width. | Length. | Width. | |
| Dm2 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 4.5 |
| Dm3 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 7 |
| Dm4 | 19.5 | 11 | 18 | 10.5 |
| M1 | 16.5 | 12 | 16 | 13 |
This specimen was found near the southern edge of Lisbon, on Middle Fork of Little Beaver Creek, in the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 24, township 18 north, range 3 west. The locality is apparently outside of the glaciated area; and it is at present impossible to determine the geological age of the animal beyond that it undoubtedly belongs to the Pleistocene. The writer believes that Mylohyus nasutus did not survive the Wisconsin ice-stage. The specimen was described and figured by the writer in 1914 (Iowa Geol. Surv., vol. XXIII, p. 226, plate XXV, figs. 4–6).
1. Belding, Ionia County.—So far as the writer knows, no species of peccary has been found in the State of Michigan, except at Belding. The remains are in the palæontological collection of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and belong to the species Platygonus compressus Le Conte. The remains are said to consist of bones of 5 individuals; and Mr. N. A. Wood, preparator at the university, informed the writer there are 294 bones. The skull of one of the 5 individuals was missing when the collection was made. The skeletons were found in a peat-swamp, in 1877, and were sent to Professor Alexander Winchell by Mr. A. Tuttle. A skull belonging to this collection was described in 1903 (Jour. Geology, vol. XI, p. 777, figs. 1–4) by Mr. George Wagner.
It seems probable that there, as in two or three other known cases, a herd of these animals, asleep together, had succumbed to rigorous weather, probably to a winter blizzard.
Belding is situated on Flat River, a tributary of Grand River. It lies close to a part of the Charlotte moraine system, thought to be correlated with the Valparaiso system. These peccaries could not have lived in that region until after the Wisconsin ice had retired into Lake Michigan, or nearly so. It is more probable that they lived there long after this retirement, at a time when the climate had become much warmer.
1. Gibson County.—The type specimen of Mylohyus nasutus was found somewhere in this county. The specimen was first mentioned by Leidy in 1860 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 416), but without other designation than peccary. Leidy wrote that it had been sent to him by Dr. David D. Owen, who informed him that it had been discovered in Gibson County, in digging a well, at a depth of between 30 and 40 feet. No more exact locality has ever been determined. The specimen consisted of the front of the skull only. It was later described by Leidy (Proc. same Academy, 1868, p. 230), under the name Dicotyles nasutus; and in 1869 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, p. 385, plate XXVIII, figs. 1, 2) was further described and illustrated. The figures referred to have been reproduced by the present writer in 1912 (Geol. Surv. Indiana, vol. XXXIII, p. 607, text-figs. 42, 43), and again in 1914 (Iowa Geol. Surv., vol. XXIII, plate XXVI, figs. 1, 2).
It is unfortunate that Owen and Leidy did not more accurately establish the locality where this jaw was found. In Gibson County there is a considerable variety of geological deposits, even considering only those belonging to the Pleistocene and Recent. The eastern and the southeastern portion lies outside the drift-covered region. A strip along the Wabash is occupied by alluvial deposits belonging to the Recent epoch. Outside of this is another strip covered mostly by Illinoian drift.
The Patoka Quadrangle, described in Folio No. 105 of the U. S. Geological Survey, published in 1904, covers nearly the whole of Gibson County. An examination of this folio shows how complicated are the later geological features of the region. It is fair to suppose that a well from 30 to 40 feet in depth was dug, especially at that time, in the higher parts of the county, where the elevation is somewhere near 500 feet above sea-level. Here such a well would probably go through the rather scattering Wisconsin deposits of various kinds or through the loess referred to the Iowan stage, reaching perhaps the Sangamon; or through later Illinoian or early Sangamon lake deposits and Illinoian glacial accumulations into pre-Illinoian deposits. The folio cited notes (p. 3) the presence of deposits supposed to belong to the beginning of the Illinoian stage. These contained zones of black muck and other organic materials; and in places were found logs and what were thought by the well-diggers to be “black-oak” leaves. All these might have been of Aftonian age; and in deposits of that time might have been found the jaw of Mylohyus nasutus.
This species has been reported from a number of other localities; but the remains have been of so imperfect character that the identifications may have been erroneous. Professor Cope reported in 1869 (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. XI, p. 176) that he had found several molars and canine teeth of this animal in cave breccia in Wythe County, Virginia. The breccia appeared to be very old, and in them were found a species of Megalonyx, Equus complicatus?, Tapirus haysii, Ursus amplidens, and many other extinct species.
Cope in 1899 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. XI, p. 263) announced this species from the Port Kennedy cave in southeastern Pennsylvania. In this case there were found only a canine and 4 molars; hence not too much reliance must be placed on the identification. A large majority of the numerous species found in the Port Kennedy cave are extinct. Among these are species of Megalonyx, a mylodon, a bear, 2 species of saber-tooth tigers, a tapir, 1 or 2 species of horse, and 3 species of peccaries. One can hardly doubt that the animals belonged to the early part of the Pleistocene. The indications are that the known examples of Mylohyus nasutus belonged to the first half of the Pleistocene; that is, to the Sangamon stage or to the Aftonian.
2. Near Williams, Lawrence County.—In the collection of the University of Indiana are some peccary remains found in Rock Cliff quarry, not far northwest from Williams. These were described by the writer in 1912 (Geol. Surv. Indiana, vol. XXXIII, pp. 596, 605). The remains were secured by Professor J. W. Beede. A part of a lower jaw which contained a first true molar and impressions of the second and third molars was referred to Leidy’s species Tagassu lenis. A large last upper molar (op. cit., p. 605, plate IV, fig. 2) was referred with some doubt to Platygonus vetus.
These remains, together with some bones of one or the other of these species and a carapace of the box-tortoise still living in that region, were inclosed in masses of stalagmite which appear to have pretty completely filled an old cave in the limestone, encountered in quarrying operations. According to Professor Beede, the cave had, when he saw it, been all quarried away except one corner. This was from 20 to 30 feet below the general surface at that place. It was about 100 feet above the present level of White River, about on a level with the highest terrace along that stream. The probabilities are that the peccaries and the box-tortoise belong to one of the earlier Pleistocene interglacial stages. Professor Beede is inclined to believe that the cave was filled during the Illinoian glacial stage by streams carrying in mud and sand and gravel. If this view is correct the inclosed remains would be at least as old as the Yarmouth.
The species Tagassu lenis is closely related to the peccary which now lives in southwestern Texas and Mexico, and it has been regarded as identical with it; but there appear to be reasons why it should be retained under its own name. It was first described from teeth found among materials coming from the phosphate deposits about Charleston, South Carolina. Certainly many of the species found there lived during the early part of the Pleistocene.
It is possible that certain teeth referred by Cope (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1867, p. 155) to the existing peccary belonged to T. lenis; but there is nothing known regarding their exact geological age. Other teeth found in the lead region of Illinois were identified by Wyman as those of the existing peccary. They too may have been those of T. lenis. The writer regards the animals found in the lead crevices as belonging to rather late Pleistocene, possibly to Peorian or Sangamon times. As to the remains found in the cave in Lawrence County it is probable that they date back to the Sangamon stage.
3. Laketon, Wabash County.—In the Fourteenth Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Indiana, page 20, Cope and Wortman stated there was in the Survey’s collection the symphyseal portion of the lower jaw and a large part of the left ramus with all the premolar teeth, except the last. This had been found at Laketon, in Wabash County. There were given no further details, and the writer failed to find the specimen in the collection. In the collection of Earlham College, Richmond, are photographs of probably this specimen and of a part of the upper jaw. The latter bone shows 3 premolars and the first molar; the lower jaw presents the symphysis, the right canine, and the 2 anterior premolars. The photographs are labeled as those of Platygonus compressus, determined by Cope, and as made from the Wabash County specimen.
All the region about Laketon is covered with Wisconsin drift or materials derived from it. The peccary found must have lived after the retirement of the border of the glacier beyond the Wabash River. It was probably long after this and when the climate was perhaps warmer than it is now.
1. Galena, Jo Daviess County.—In 1848, Dr. John L. Le Conte (Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. V, pp. 102–106) described what he regarded as 5 new species of fossil mammals from the lead region of Illinois. These had been secured by Mr. Wm. Snyder, of Galena, in a lead crevice 50 feet below the surface, filled with a mixture of clay and sand cemented by oxide of iron into a hard mass from which the specimens could not be removed without great injury. The species described were called Platygonus compressus, Hyops depressifrons, Protochœrus prismaticus, Procyon priscus, and Anomodon snyderi. The last was regarded as related to the moles. Procyon priscus resembled closely the existing P. lotor. The 3 species first mentioned are now regarded as belonging to a single species, which takes the name Platygonus compressus. It may be remarked that the original spelling of the generic name was due perhaps to a lapsus calami or to a printer’s error. In the complete paper published shortly afterward the name was spelled Platygonus. It is to be added that the teeth which served as the type of the so-called species Protochœrus prismaticus were found at a locality 15 miles from the place where the other remains were obtained; but as to where this place was nothing is said.
In 1848 (Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, Sci., vol. III, pp. 257–274, plates I to IV) Platygonus compressus was more completely described. Various teeth and parts of the skull and some limb-bones were figured. In this article it is stated that the remains described had been found in a lead crevice a few miles from Galena. A portion of the bones had been preserved by the miners and had at length found their way into the hands of Mr. Snyder, a merchant in Galena.
In 1852 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VI, pp. 3–5) Hyops depressifrons and Protochœrus prismaticus were further described, the first being placed in the genus Dicotyles. Both of these are now regarded as belonging to Platygonus compressus.
The writer has considered it as probable that the peccary remains, as well as Procyon priscus and Anomodon snyderi, are of Late Wisconsin age; but it is possible that they are somewhat older. The reader is referred to page 343, where the Pleistocene of the lead region is discussed.
2. Alton, Madison County.—In the McAdams collection, of which a general account has been given on page 339, is a part of a lower canine tooth which apparently differs in no way from the corresponding canine of Platygonus cumberlandensis, found by Mr. J. W. Gidley in a limestone fissure near Cumberland, Maryland. On page 350 will be found a list of the species found in this fissure and their geological age.
1. Bluemounds, Dane County.—In 1862, Professor J. D. Whitney reported (Geol. Surv. Wisconsin, vol. I, pp. 135, 136) that he had discovered in a crevice at Bluemounds, accompanied by bones and some teeth of the mastodon, a buffalo, and a wolf, several fragments of jaws and some teeth and other bones of a peccary, in an excellent state of preservation. At the top of his page 134 Whitney indicates that these remains belonged to the species now called Platygonus compressus. On page 422 of the same volume Jeffries Wyman, in reporting on the vertebrate remains collected in the lead region, mentions only 3 teeth; and these, he said, differed much from either of the fossil species and agreed with the existing peccary. From Whitney’s note at the bottom of his page 135 we may suppose that these 3 teeth were found in Iowa, near Dubuque. It is probable that the teeth found at Bluemounds belonged to Tagassu lenis.
In 1866 (Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. I, p. 162), Whitney stated that from a crevice near Bluemounds he got peccary bones and teeth which were supposed to be identical with the animals now living. Leidy (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. VII, p. 384) stated that he believed that teeth found in Wisconsin belonged to Dicotyles lenis. One can not be certain regarding the age of these animals found in this lead region. They are probably pre-Wisconsin. The age will be discussed on page 343.
1. Benedict, Charles County.—More than 50 years ago Cope (Proc. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 155) reported the finding of peccary jaws mingled with remains of Miocene vertebrates collected by James T. Thomas, near his residence in Charles County, not far from Patuxent River, near Benedict. Cope recognized that the peccary and a part of a jaw of Grison macrodon (referred by Cope to Galera) belonged to the Pleistocene. The peccary was referred to the existing species Dicotyles (Tagassu) torquatus; likewise their similarity to the remains described by Leidy from Charleston, South Carolina, was noted. They are assigned here to Tagassu lenis. The jaws from the Patuxent locality are now in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia.
2. Chesapeake Beach, Calvert County.—Mr. William Palmer, of the U. S. National Museum, has shown the writer 3 teeth of a peccary secured at the place named. These will be mentioned in the discussion of the geology of the locality. A left third premolar is 10.3 mm. long and 6.2 mm. wide. A left second molar is 12 mm. long and 10 mm. wide. These apparently belonged to Tagassu lenis.
In March 1921, Dr. Adolph H. Schultz, of the Johns Hopkins Medical School, presented to the U. S. National Museum a part of the left ramus of the lower jaw of a peccary found at Chesapeake Beach. This fragment contains the first and second molars and the sockets of the fourth premolar and the third molar. This jaw and the teeth have been compared with the corresponding parts of a specimen of Tagassu angulatus (No. 35815, U. S. Nat. Mus.), secured along the boundary between the United States and Mexico. In size the fossil teeth differ little from those of T. angulatus; the first molar is, however, somewhat wider; the conule between the two hindermost cones, the hypoconulid, is much smaller than in the existing peccary used for comparison. The inner face of each tooth is not so flat in the fossil as in the other species. In the fossil the height of the jaw at the second molar is 28 mm.; in T. angulatus 35 mm. The specimen is referred to Tagassu lenis.
3. Corriganville, Allegany County.—In a rock crevice 3 miles west of north of Cumberland, J. W. Gidley found abundant remains of peccaries. These were described by him in 1920 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVII, pp. 651–678, plates LIV, LV, 13 text-figs.). He recognized 4 species, 2 belonging to Platygonus and 2 to Mylohyus. The new species, Platygonus cumberlandensis and P. intermedius and Mylohyus exortivus, are based on materials found in the fissure. With the other materials he recognized a part of a lower jaw, which he referred to M. pennsylvanicus.
4. Cavetown, Washington County.—In 1920 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVII, pp. 96–109), the writer described a collection of fossil vertebrates made at Cavetown by the officers of Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts. Among the species are 6 which belong to the group of peccaries, as follows: Mylohyus nasutus (Leidy), M. exortivus Gidley, M. obtusidens Hay, Tagassu? tetragonus? (Cope), Platygonus vetus Leidy, P. cumberlandensis Gidley.
These and the associated species apparently lived here during approximately the Middle Pleistocene, probably the Sangamon stage. A list of the species found in the fissure and their geological relations are presented on page 348. The specimen above referred provisionally to Tagassu tetragonus was called, in the paper cited above, Platygonus tetragonus. It appears, however, to be nearer Tagassu. It may even belong to an unnamed genus.
1. Ivanhoe, Wythe County.—In 1869 (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. XI, p. 176), Cope reported he had found several molar and canine teeth of Dicotyles nasutus, in cave breccia on New River, with remains of many other species of vertebrates. This now bears the name Mylohyus nasutus. A list of the species is given on page 353, where the Pleistocene geology of Virginia is discussed.
2. Augusta County.—In 1857 (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. XI, p. 104), Leidy stated he had examined a fragment of a lower jaw of a young individual of Platygonus compressus, found in the county named. The jaw contained the last milk molar, unworn. The first true molar had not yet begun to protrude. The writer has seen this specimen in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. No other information regarding its place of origin has been secured.
1. Renicks, Greenbrier County.—In 1920 (Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1918, p. 288, plates I-VI), J. W. Gidley reported on a visit he had made to a cave situated on Greenbrier River, near Renicks. The cave was discovered during quarrying operations in limestone. The greater part of the bones had been destroyed before the workers appreciated their value. Only a part of a skull of a peccary was secured, probably of the species Platygonus intermedius (Gidley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVII, p. 669). It has the catalogue No. 8003 of the U. S. National Museum. This animal is to be referred to the Middle Pleistocene.
1. Charleston, Charleston County.—In 1860 (“Holmes’s Post-Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina,” p. 108, plate XVII, figs. 13, 14), Leidy reported the finding of teeth of a peccary in the Ashley River deposits. These teeth, a lower third molar and probably a lower second molar, were described under the name Dicotyles fossilis and were said to have the size and form of the corresponding teeth of the collared peccary, Dicotyles torquatus (=Tagassu tajacu). Fragments of some upper teeth were said to have the size of those of D. labiatus. In 1869 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. VII, p. 384), the fossil teeth just mentioned were referred, with some others, to the new species Dicotyles lenis. The principal character distinguishing the teeth of this species from those of the existing peccaries mentioned is the absence of accessory tubercles. This is shown also in an upper hindermost molar of the same species, described by the writer (9th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Sur., 1917, p. 48, plate III, fig. 2) under the name Tayassu lenis. The name should have been Tagassu lenis.
In the Pinckney collection, at the Pinckney residence, Lambs, South Carolina, near Charleston, the writer examined a tooth of a peccary, which apparently belongs to another species. It is taken to be a lower hindermost molar. A part of the anterior crest and a part of one side are broken off. The heel is relatively large, consisting of a hinder and 2 anterior tubercles; between the anterior tubercles is another minute one. In the middle of each cross-valley is a tubercle. The length of the fragment is 20.2 mm., the width 9.5 mm. This was evidently a larger animal than Tagassu lenis.
1. Vero, St. Lucie County.—Apparently 2 species of peccaries have been found in the deposits along the drainage canal, near Vero, in the uppermost stratum (No. 3). One, represented by a canine tooth, has not been determined (Hay, Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., vol. IX, p. 50). It appeared to be too large to belong to Tagassu lenis.
The other remains belonged to a small peccary and have been referred to Tagassu lenis. In 1916 (Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., vol. VIII, p. 149), Sellards reported the finding of 2 cheek-teeth and a tibia. One of the teeth was taken from the stratum called No. 2; the other teeth and the tibia had washed out of the bank and it was uncertain from which stratum they had come. In 1917 (Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., vol. IX, pp. 45, 48, plate III, fig. 2), the writer reported the finding of a hindermost molar of a small peccary, believed to be T. lenis, in stratum No. 2; also the discovery by Isaac M. Weills of a small canine of T. lenis in stratum No. 3 (op. cit., plate III, fig. 3). On page 50 of the same paper the writer referred provisionally to T. lenis the tibia above mentioned.
2. Palma Sola, Manatee County.—From this place have been sent to the U. S. National Museum many specimens of fossil vertebrates, a list of which will be found in the discussion of the Pleistocene geology of Florida (p. 379). Some of these belong to the Pleistocene, others apparently to the Miocene. Among the specimens is a right astragalus of a peccary. While it is possible that the original possessor of this astragalus lived during the Miocene, it does not seem probable. It may have belonged to Tagassu lenis. The length of the bone is 32 mm., the width across the lower end 19 mm.
1. Rogersville, Hawkins County.—In the U. S. National Museum is a part of a lower left canine tooth of a peccary found near the place mentioned. With it came an upper molar of Equus leidyi. The tooth lacks most of the crown. It has been described by the writer under the name Mylohyus setiger (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVIII, p. 84, plate III, figs. 21–23). The root of the tooth is 93 mm. long, measured along the convexity of the curve. A little of the tip of the root is missing. The size of the tooth indicates a very large animal.
2. Whitesburg, Hamblen County.—In the U. S. National Museum is a considerable collection of bones and teeth made in 1885 near Whitesburg. This locality and the accompanying species will be discussed on another page. Among the remains are 3 upper canine teeth, referred by the writer (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. LVIII, p. 90, plate III, figs. 12–13) to Mylohyus nasutus Leidy. A list of the associated species will be found on page 395.
3. Dandridge, Jefferson County.—In 1896 (Dept. Amer. and Prehist. Archæol. Univ. Penn.), Dr. H. C. Mercer reported he had found remains of the tapir, peccary, bear, and small rodents in Zirkel’s Cave. The cave is situated on the left bank of Dumplin Creek, about 5 miles above its entrance into French Broad River. The species to which the peccary remains belonged was not determined.
1. Rockcastle County.—In 1853, Dr. Leidy (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. X, p. 331, plates XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVII, figs. 5–8, 17, 19) described under the name Euchœrus macrops, a fine skull of a peccary which had been lying for 47 years in the collection of the society. It had been sent there by Dr. Samuel Brown, of Lexington, Kentucky, and was said to have been found in one of the nitrous caves of that State. The writer is informed by Dr. Arthur M. Miller, Professor of Geology in the University of Kentucky, that it is unlikely that the skull came from any of the caves in the region about Lexington, as he had never heard any of them had been worked for saltpeter. In the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society for 1804 (vol. VI, pp. 235–247) is a paper by Samuel Brown, in which he describes a cave in what is now Rockcastle County. In this and some other neighboring caves were found immense quantities of saltpeter. Probably the skull which Leidy afterward described from this region was brought to light. It appears to have been mentioned by Dr. B. S. Barton as early as 1806 (Phila. Med. and Phys. Jour., vol. II, plate I, p. 158). It is now in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. It was recognized by Leidy as belonging to Platygonus compressus.