1602 Polyklet u. s. Schule, 1902. For the Apollonios bust, see B. B., no. 336; F. W., 505. An almost identical bust—except for a wide fillet around the locks and shoulders—was found in the tablinum of the same villa (Invent., no. 6164). Many of these heads doubtless come from busts or statues which decorated gymnasia and palæstræ.

1603 Duetschke, III, no. 535 (0.81 meter high).

1604 F. W., 507; cf. Rayet, I, text to Pl. 29.

1605 No. 293; Amelung, Museums and Ruins of Rome, I, pp. 7 f.; id., Vat., I, no. 126 on p. 151 and Pl. 19; Helbig, Fuehrer, I, 45; Guide, I, 58; Reinach, Rép., II, 2, 545, 10. It is 2.11 meters high (Amelung). Cf. Loewy, Lysipp und Seine Stellung in der gr. Plastik, pp. 5–7 and 23–4; Hauser, Jh. oest. arch. Inst., XII, 1909, pp. 104–14. For other replicas, see Furtw., Mp., pp. 228 f.; Mw., pp. 421 f.

1606 Mahler, op. cit., p. 29.

1607 As we see from the careful copy on a Berlin gem: Helbig, Fuehrer, I, p. 31, fig. 3; Guide, I, p. 35, fig. 4; and on a funerary relief in Argos: A. M., III, 1878, pp. 287 f. and Pl. XIII (Furtwaengler); B. B., 279A; Collignon, I, p. 491, fig. 250; F. W., 504; cf. Annali, LI, 1879, p. 219 (Brunn); Mitchell, Hist. Anc. Sculpt., 1883, p. 386 and fig. 176.

1608 The uno crure insistere of Pliny, H. N., XXXIV, 56. Here Pliny quotes Varro to the effect that Polykleitos’ statues were almost exactly after the same type (paene ad unum exemplum).

1609 See Mp., pp. 212 f. and figs. 90 and 91 (head, two views); Mw., pp. 403 f., and Pls. XXIV, XXV. For the statue, see also Furtw.-Wolters, Beschr. d. Glypt.², no. 295 (= god or athlete); Kekulé, Jb., III, 1888, p. 37 and Pl. 1 (= Polykleitan and Zeus); B. B., 122.

1610 De instit. Orat., V, 12.21.

1611 H. N., XXXIV, 18.

1612 A. M., III, 1878, p. 292, n. 2.

1613 Mp., pp. 163 and 228; Mw., p. 420.

1614 E. g., that of Ktesilaos (= Kresilas; see below) in H. N., XXXIV, 76; of Polykleitos, ibid., 55, and of Aristodemos, ibid., 86.

1615 This torso is of Pentelic marble, like many of the later victor statues at Olympia, and is fleshier than the Naples and Vatican copies: Bildw. v. Ol., Textbd., p. 250 and fig. 284 (back view); Tafelbd., Pl. LXII, I; Furtw., Mp., p. 228, Mw., p. 420. It is in the Museum at Olympia.

1616 The Naples copy is 1.99 meters high; see Kalkmann, Die Proport. des Gesichts in d. gr. Kunst, 53stes Berl. Winckelmannsprogr., 1893, p. 53; the Olympia torso is 1.10 meters high for the preserved part (Treu).

1617 Pro Imag., 11.

1618 E. g., the statue of Polydamas, P., VI, 5.1; the base of the statue of Kallias, Inschr. v. Ol., no. 146; of Eukles, ibid., no. 159; etc.

1619 Collignon, I, p. 490; he believed that the original statue by Polykleitos stood in a Gymnasion at Argos.

1620 Cf. infra, Ch. VIII, p. 342 and n. 2.

1621 Richter, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Bronzes, nos. 87 (pp. 56 f., and fig., showing front and back, on p. 57; cf. Cat. Class. Coll., p. 114, fig. 72; it is from Cyprus), and 88 (fig. on p. 58; Mus. Bull., Dec., 1913, p. 270, Richter). No. 87 is 6.25 inches tall; 88 is 5.56 inches.

1622 Mp., pp. 279 f. Furtwaengler wrongly ascribed the statue of Xenokles to the elder Polykleitos.

1623 See the fine drawings of these and other groups from tomb no. 17 (of Khety) in Champollion, Monuments de l’Égypte et de la Nubie, 1845, IV, Pls. CCCLXXII-CCCLXXVIII; Pl. CCCLXXIII, 3 = Perrot-Chipiez, I, p. 793, fig. 521; CCCLXXIV, 4 = ibid., p. 792, fig. 520. Another scene from the tomb of Nevothph is pictured in Champollion, Pl. CCCLXIV, I. See also Arch. Survey of Egypt, Beni Hasan, Pt. II, 1894, Pl. XV; cf. a poor reproduction of several scenes in Springer-Michaelis, p. 27, fig. 68.

1624 De Leg., VII, 796 A, B, C.

1625 Philostr., Imag., II, 32 (p. 857), ascribes its origin to Hermes’ daughter Palaistra; Apollodoros, II, 4.9, says that the same god’s son Autolykos was the teacher of Herakles. Pausanias, I, 39.3, says that the systematic instruction in the art began with Theseus. Eustathius, schol. on Il., XXIII, p. 1327, says that Kerkyon discovered it. In a scholion on Pindar, Nem., V, 49, Boeckh, p. 465, Pherekydes and Polemon are quoted as saying that Theseus’ charioteer Phorbas invented the art, and Istros is quoted as saying that Athena taught Theseus. At Olympia Herakles was a victor in wrestling: P., V, 8.4.

1626 Ajax (Telamon) and Odysseus contended in a wrestling bout which ended in a draw: Il., XXIII, 710–734; in line 701, and in Od., VIII, 126, it is called παλαισμοσύνη ἀλεγεινή; it appears among the Phaiakians in Od., VIII, 103, 246. It was pictured along with boxing on the shield of Herakles by Hesiod: Scut., 302 (= ἑλκηδόν).

1627 P., V, 8.7; Ph., 12.

1628 P., V, 8.9.

1629 On rules and representations of wrestling in literature and art, see especially E. N. Gardiner, J. H. S., XXV, 1905, pp. 14–31; pp. 263–293, and Pls. XI and XII; id., Greek Athl. Sports, Ch. XVIII, pp. 372–401; cf. Krause, I, pp. 400 f; Grasberger, Erziehung u. Unterricht, I, pp. 345 f. An excellent account of a wrestling match is found in the oldest Greek prose romance, the Aethiopica of Heliodoros, X, 31 f.; cf. also the fine account of a bout between Diomedes and Aias in Quintus Smyrnæus: IV, 215 f.; etc.

1630 Grenfell and Hunt, Oxy. Pap., III, 466; discussed by Juethner, with part of the text and translation, in his edition of the de Arte gymn. of Philostratos, p. 26. On the method of selecting antagonists at Olympia, the number engaged, byes, etc., see Gardiner, pp. 374–5.

1631 For coins in the British Museum, see Gardiner, p. 373, fig. 109, a, b, c (from Aspendos, of the fifth and fourth centuries B. C.), d (from Herakleia in Lucania, of the fourth), e, f (from Syracuse, of about 400 B. C.), g (from Alexandria of the time of Antoninus Pius); see also id., J. H. S., XXV, p. 271, fig. 9.

1632 See especially, Gardiner, ll. cc.

1633 Described by Lucian, Anach., 24.

1634 Described by Quintus Smyrnæus, IV, 215 f. and Nonnos, XXXVII, 553 f.; discussed in J. H. S., XXV, pp. 25 f.

1635 No. 2159; A. J. A., XI, 1896, p. 11, fig. 9; J. H. S., XXV, p. 270, fig. 8; Gardiner, p. 386, fig. 116; Furtwaengler-Reichhold, Die griech. Vasenmalerei, III, pp. 73 f., and Pl. CXXXIII; Gerhard, Trinkschalen und Gefaesse des k. Museums zu Berlin und anderer Sammlungen, 1848–50, Pls. XIX, XX; Overbeck, Griech. Kunstmythol., III, Apollon, p. 400, n. 1 and Pl. XXIV, 2; W. Klein, Die griech. Vasen mit Meistersignaturen², 1886, no. 4; Hoppin, Hbk. Attic r.-f. Vases, I, p. 32, Pl. on p. 33.

1636 No. 2444; Trans. Univ. Penn. Mus., II, 1906–1907, Pl. XXXV, a, and pp. 140 f. (W. N. Bates); J. D. Beazley, Attic r.-f. Vases in Amer. Museums, 1918, p. 111 (Lysis, Laches, and Lykos group); Gardiner, p. 392, fig. 122.

1637 Invent., 5626–5627; B. B., 354; Comparetti e de Petra, La Villa Ercolanese dei Pisoni, 1883, Pl. XV, 2 and 3; Bulle, 91; Gardiner, p. 378, fig. 110 (= one statue); von Mach, 289; Reinach, Rép., II, 2, 541 (= one statue); etc. They appear to be boys of about sixteen, and consequently may represent contestants in the πάλη παίδων. The statues are 1.18 meters high (Bulle). The advanced foot in no. 5626 is wrongly restored.

1638 Kalkmann, Jb., X, 1895, p. 64, n. 49 (dolichodromoi).

1639 Cf. Gardiner, p. 382.

1640 Jb., IV, 1889, pp. 116, n. 8; cf. Benndorf, Jh. oest. arch. Inst., IV, 1901, pp. 172–3 and n. 12. Mahler wrongly thought that the heads were different: Polyklet u. s. Schule, p. 18; he assigned one to the fifth century B. C., the other to the influence of Praxiteles. Benndorf believed the two figures to be copies of one statue, later used to make a group.

1641 Bulle, no, 90; in the Landesmuseum of Darmstadt: see Adamy, Archaeol. Samml. des grossherz. Hess. Museums, 1897, p. 21, no. 19. The figures are only 0.075 meter high.

1642 Bulle, p. 179, fig. 40; Reinach, Rép., IV, 318, 2; for other similar ones, cf. ibid., II, 2, 539, 2 (cover of a cista from Praeneste), 5 (in the Louvre), 6 (in Vienna = E. von Sacken, Die ant. Bronz. d. k. k. Muenz-und Ant.-Cabinetes in Wien, 1871, Pl. XLV, 7), and III, 155, 3 (in Forman Collection, London).

1643 Richter, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Bronzes, no. 124 and fig. on p. 79; it is 4.5 inches high.

1644 E. g., Walters, B. M. Bronzes, no. 639; Mon. d. I., X, 1877, Pl. XLV, 1 a.; Babelon et Blanchet, Cat. des bronzes antiques de la Bibl. Nationale, 1895, no. 935.

1645 Παναθήναια, II, Plates.

1646 Gardiner, p. 395, fig. 126; J. H. S., XXV, p. 286, fig. 23; Gardner, Hbk., p. 328, fig. 81.

1647 Gardiner, p. 396, fig. 127; Clarac, 802, 2014.

1648 J. Sieveking, Die Bronzen der Samml. Loeb, 1913, pp. 52–4 and Pl. XXI; it is 0.165 meter high. Others there listed include one in the British Museum: J. H. S., XXV, 1905, Pl. XI, b (front and back), and text on p. 288; Gardiner p. 398, fig. 129; another from Vienne in Bonn; two in Paris, in the de Clercq and Warrocqué collections respectively; and a fifth, whose location is unknown. All are of rough Roman workmanship, either of the second or first centuries B. C.

1649 See Petersen in R. M., XV, 1900, pp. 158 f.; Klein, III, pp. 309 f.; Sieveking, op. cit., p. 53, n. 1. The copies are in Florence (Galleria di Firenze, III, Pl. 123, 2; Reinach, Rép., II, 2, 538, 5); in St. Petersburg (Comptes rendus de la comm. impér. archéol., St. Petersburg, 1867, Pl. I, pp. 5 f., text by Stephani; J. H. S., XXV, 1905, p. 290, fig. 25; Gardiner, p. 399, fig. 130; Reinach, Rép., II, 2, 538, 1 and 3); in Constantinople, from Antioch (Jb., XIII, 1898, Pl. XI and pp. 177 f., Foerster; Rev. arch., XXXV, 1899, Pl. XVIII, pp. 207 f., Joubin; J. H. S., 1905, p. 291, fig. 26; Gardiner, p. 400, fig. 131); in the Louvre, from Egypt (no. 361; Jb., XVI, 1901, fig. on p. 51; Reinach, Rép., II, 1, 234, 2); and in the British Museum (B. M. Bronzes, 853 and Pl. XXVII, middle one below). In the St. Petersburg copy the arms of the victor are changed around.

1650 Duetschke, III, 547; Bulle, 184; von Mach, 288; F. W., 1426; Reinach, Rép., I, 523, 1.

1651 Helbig, Fuehrer, II, 1382 (= Attic); Jb., XXV, 1910, Pl. VII, and pp. 171 f. (Bieber = Euphranor); cf. R. M., VI, 1891, p. 304, n. 2 (Petersen = Skopaic); Furtw., Mw., p. 515, n. 4 (= Skopaic).

1652 H. N., XXXIV, 80.

1653 H. N., XXXV, 71; so Reisch, p. 45, n. 5. See supra, p. 206.

1654 H. N., XXXV, 130. It was probably votive in character.

1655 Ol. 141 ( = 216 B. C.): P., VI, 16.9; Hyde, 167; Foerster, 471; Inschr. v. Ol., 179.

1656 Inschr. v. Ol., 164; drawing of the base also in Furtw., Mp., p. 279, fig. 118; Mw., p. 491, fig. 85. The inscription dates from the end of the fifth or beginning of the fourth century B. C., which shows that the statue was the work of the younger Polykleitos. Xenokles won sometime between Ols. (?) 94 and 100 ( = 404 and 380 B. C.): P., VI,9.2; Hyde, 85 and p. 41; Foerster, 308.

1657 Pp. 45–6; he won in Ol. 83 ( = 448 B. C.): Oxy. Pap.; P., VI, 9.3; Hyde, 88; Foerster, 285.

1658 Cf. Lucretius, V, 1282: arma antiqua manus ungues dentesque fuerunt; Hor., Sat., I, 3.101; etc.

1659 Between Epeios and Euryalos, Il., XXIII, 653 f.; Odysseus and Iros, Od., XVIII, 1 f.; cf. the match between Entellus and Dares in Virgil, Aen., V, 362 f.; Polydeukes and Amykos in Theokr., XXII, 80 f.; and in Apollon. Rhod., Argon., II, 67 f. For the Homeric and Virgilian matches, see Fencing, Boxing, and Wrestling, 1889 (Badminton Library), pp. 125 f.

1660 Il., XXIII, 653; he uses the same epithet of wrestling, ibid., 701, and Od., VIII, 126. Eustath. ad Il., XXIII, p. 1322, speaks of the πύκτης τλησίπονος.

1661 πυκτοσύνη ἀλγινόεσσα: frag. 19, l. 4 (= Philos. Fragm., ed. Didot, I, p. 104 = Athen., X, 6, p. 414a). Apollon. Rhod. calls it ἀπηνέα πυγμαχίην, II, 76–7. The parts injured were especially the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, and teeth; cf. Krause, p. 516 and n. 18.

1662 See Orsi, Museo Ital. di antich. class., II, Pl. V, p. 808; cf. Juethner, pp. 65–6, and Frothingham, A. J. A., IV, 1888, P. 444.

1663 See Krause, pp. 497 f. Ph., 9, says that it was an invention of the Spartans and was first used among the Bebrykes.

1664 P., V, 7.10; cf. Plut., Quaest. conviv., VIII, 4.4 (which speaks of victories of Apollo in boxing).

1665 P., V, 8.4.

1666 XXIII, 660.

1667 Plut., l. c.

1668 The schol. on Pindar, Nem., V, 89, Boeckh, p. 465, says that Theseus instituted the art of boxing.

1669 P., V, 8. 7; Afr., s. v. Onomastos; Ph., 12; Homeric Hymn to Apollo, 149; cf. Foerster, 28. The date is also given by Ph., l. c.

1670 P., V. 8. 9; Ph., 13.

1671 See K. T. Frost, J. H. S., XXVI, 1906, pp. 213f; Gardiner, Ch. XIX, pp. 402 f.; Krause, pp. 497 f.

1672 See Krause, I, pp. 502 f.; Juethner, pp. 65 f.; Gardiner, pp. 403 f.

1673 Mosso, The Palaces of Crete, 1907, p. 339, and fig. 160 on p. 341. Orsi, l. c., believes the object over the fists in the bronze shield fragment from Mount Ida to be part of a glove, though Juethner rejects this view, interpreting it merely as an ornament.

1674 Schol. on Plato, de Leg., VIII, 796 A; Clem. Alexandr., Strom., I, 16.76.

1675 ἱμάντας ἐϋτμήτους βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο: Il., XXIII, 684. In the Odyssey Iros and Odysseus fight with bare fists.

1676 E. g., P., VI, 23.4 and VIII, 40. 3; Apoll. Rhod., Argon., II, 52–53; cf. Plato, de Leg., VIII, 830 B.

1677 E. g., on a r.-f. kylix in the British Museum: B. M. Vases, E 63, and Pl. III; Juethner, p. 68, fig. 54; Gardiner, p. 403, fig. 132; it represents boxers with bundles of thongs in their hands standing before an official.

1678 B. M. Vases, E 39; J. H. S., XXVI, Pl. XII; Gardiner, p. 404, fig. 133; Juethner, p. 66, fig. 53; Hoppin, Hbk. Attic r.-f. Vases, p. 237, Pl. On the interior of another a youth is seen, thongs in hand, standing before an altar: Murray, Designs from Gk. Vases in the British Museum, Pl. VI, 24.

1679 Museum no. 2444; Trans. Univ. Penn. Mus., II, 1906–1907, Pl. XXXV, b. and p. 142 (text by W. N. Bates).

1680 IX, 116. A similar game is mentioned by Plato, Theaet., XXVII ( = 181 A). On both games, see Krause, pp. 323 f.

1681 Juethner, pp. 69 f., rightly explains such objects as boxing thongs.

1682 Ch. 10; cf. P., VIII, 40.3.

1683 E. g., on the kylix just mentioned, E 39; on a r.-f. amphora in Munich (Jahn, no. 411B): Hartwig, Die griech. Meisterschalen, p. 410. fig. 55; on the interior of a r.-f. kylix in Munich, no. 1156: Juethner, p. 70, fig. 56; and on the interior of the r.-f. kylix in the British Museum to be discussed, E 78 (= Fig. 55): Murray, Designs from Gr. Vases in the B. M., Pl. XIV, 55; Juethner, p. 72, fig. 58; Gardiner, p. 406, fig. 134; on a r.-f. amphora in the Hofmuseum in Vienna by Epiktetos we see (figure at the left) a boxer who is just finishing tying the thongs on his left hand and wrist: Dar-Sagl., IV, 1, p. 755, fig. 5854; Schneider, Arch.-epigr. Mitt. aus Oesterr., V, 1881, pp. 139 f., and Pl. IV; Hoppin, Hbk. Attic r.-f. Vases, p. 334, no. 25, and Pl. on p. 335.

1684 Tafelbd., Pl. V, no. 4; Textbd., p. 35.

1685 P., VIII, 40.5; cf. II, 20. 1.

1686 VIII, 40.3. Cf. the statues of Damoxenos and Kreugas by Canova in the Gabinetto di Canova of the Vatican, to see in how exaggerated a way a modern sculptor has interpreted the boxing bout of these famous athletes: Helbig, Fuehrer, I, nos. 136, 137; Guide, 139, 140; Pistolesi, Il Vaticano Descritto, IV, 91.

1687 De Leg., VIII, 830 B; Plut., de Profectibus in virtute, IX (80 B); Pollux, III, 150; Bekker, Anecd. gr., 1814–1821, I, P. 62, l. 25.

1688 E. g., on an amphora in the British Museum: B. M. Vases, B 607; Mon. d. I., X, 1874–78, Pl. XLVIII, e 2; Gardiner, p. 407, fig. 135; Juethner, p. 83, fig. 67; on the Ficoroni Cista in the Museo Kircheriano, Rome: Helbig, Fuehrer, II, 1752; Guide, 437; Juethner, p. 82, fig. 66, a, c. On this cista, see F. Behn, Die ficoronische Cista, Arch. Studie, 1907; O. Jahn, Die ficoronische Cista, 1852; etc.

1689 Late writers generally use the terms σφαῖραι and ἱμάντες ὀξεῖς interchangeably.

1690 E. g., ἐπίσφαιρα in Plut., Praecept. ger. resp., 32 ( = 825 e).

1691 Juethner, p. 78, fig. 63; Gardiner, p. 409, fig. 137. For this and the delle Terme glove, see Huelsen, R. M., IV, 1889, pp. 175 f.

1692 Juethner, p. 79, fig. 54.; Antichi di Ercolano, Bronzi, II, pp. 411 f.

1693 In the Museo Civico there; mentioned by Juethner, p. 78.

1694 Helbig, Fuehrer, II, 1145; Guide, 625; Baum., I, p. 524, fig. 566; Juethner, p. 85, fig. 68.

1695 The word μύρμηκες, A. G., XI, 78, may be merely a comic name for the gloves—certain protuberances (“metal studs” or “nails” = Liddell and Scott, s. v. looking like warts (μυρμηκίαι); cf. Pollux, III, 150.

1696 Aen., V, 404–5; 468–71.

1697 B. M. Vases, E 39; J. H. S., XXVI, 1906, Pl. XII.

1698 B. M. Vases, E 78; J. H. S., XXVI, Pl. XIII; Gardiner, p. 436, fig. 151.

1699 Mus. Journ., VI, no. 4 (Dec., 1915), p. 169, fig. 89; text by Dr. S. B. Luce, who believes this class of vases to be a prototype of the “Nolan” vases; another “Nolan” amphora is given, ibid., fig. 90 (also published in A. J. A., XX, 1916, p. 440, fig. 4), which shows a diskobolos, who is holding a diskos in a way similar to that on a r.-f. kelebe in the British Museum (B. M. Vases, B 361; Gardiner, p. 324, fig. 77). On the division of Attic b.-f. amphoræ into “panel-amphoræ” and “red-bodied amphoræ,” see H. B. Walters, Hist. Anc. Pottery, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, 1905, I, pp. 160–62.

1700 Inschr. v. Ol., 149.

1701 Inschr. v. Ol., 155 (renewed); the date of the victory is given by P., VI, 7.8; Hyde, 65; Foerster, 263.

1702 Inschr. v. Ol., 147, 148. The statue stood equally on both feet, the left being slightly advanced. He won in Ol. 77 ( = 472 B. C.): Oxy. Pap.; P., VI, 10.9; Hyde, 102; Foerster, 237.

1703 Inschr. v. Ol., 165 (renewed); base drawn in outline in Furtw., Mp., p. 288, fig. 123; Mw., p. 503, fig. 90. He won in Ol. 82 ( = 452 B. C.): Oxy. Pap.; P., VI, 13.6; Hyde, 115; Foerster, 376. Here the body weight rested upon the left foot, the right being flat on the ground and turned to one side, i. e., in the old scheme of Hagelaïdas and his school.

1704 Inschr. v. Ol., 159 (renewed); I. G. B., 86. This statue was in the same attitude as that of Aristion and was slightly over life-size. He won some time between Ols. (?) 90 and 93 ( = 420 and 408 B. C.): P., VI, 6.2; Hyde, 52; Foerster, 297.

1705 Michaelis, p. 446, no. 35; Clarac V, 946, 2436 A (wrongly = Antinous). See Furtw., Mp., pp. 288 f. (and fig. 124); Mw., pp. 503 f. (and fig. 91). Height 1.75 meters (Michaelis).

1706 Furtw., Mp., p. 246, fig. 99; Mw., p. 447, fig. 69; a headless copy in Lansdowne House: Michaelis, p. 438, 3; Clarac, V, 851, 2180 A. Here the present head is of different marble from the torso and does not belong to it; the body forms recall those of the Doryphoros. It is 1.49 meters high.

1707 Not. Scav., 1888, pp. 289 f. (Barracco); Atti dell’ Accad. di Napoli, 1889, pp. 35 f. (Sogliano); R. M., IV, 1889, pp. 179 f. (Huelsen); Kalkmann, Die Proport. d. Gesichts in d. gr. Kunst, 53stes Berl. Winckelmannsprogr., 1893, Pl. III (profile and front views), and fig. on p. 68 (head); B. B., no. 614 (statue), 615 (head, two views); Juethner, p. 84; etc.

1708 Furtwaengler (Statuenkopien im Altertum) and Sogliano (l. c.) date the statue in the period of Augustus.

1709 B. B., no. 613; Kalkmann, Die Prop. des Gesichts, Pls. I (statue) and II (head, two views).

1710 B. B., nos. 132, 134–5; F. W., 462.

1711 Pl., H. N., XXXIV, 50 and 79. For this view, see text to B. B., no. 614. Furtwaengler had suggested Lykios as the sculptor of the Oil-pourer: Mp., p. 259.

1712 Though winning in Ol. 65 ( = 520 B. C.), his statue was set up later by his son: P., VI, 10.1–3; Hyde, 93 and p. 42; Foerster, 137. The word σκιαμαχεῖν (lit. “to fight in the shade,” and hence to practice in the gymnasium) is used synonymously with χειρονομεῖν in the sense “to spar:” Plato, de Leg., VIII, 830 C; P., VI, 10.3; Pollux, III, 150; etc. Cf. Paul’s phrase in I Corinthians, 9, 26. A derived meaning is “to fight with a shadow”: e. g., Plato, Apol., 18 D; etc. Dio Chrysostom, Or., XXXII (367 M), speaks of χειρονομοῦντες as gymnasium practisers. See Krause, pp. 510 f.

1713 The κώρυκος was such a bag used by athletes: cf. the proverb, πρὸς κώρυκον γυμνάζεσθαι, “to labor in vain”: Diog., 7, 54. The Ficoroni cista has been mentioned supra, p. 237, n. 4. The description and use of the bag are given by Ph., 57.

1714 Helbig, Fuehrer, I, 704; Guide, II, 207.

1715 Amelung, Vat., I, 372 B, pp. 554–5 and Pl. LVIII; Clarac, 883, 2256. It is 0.535 meter high.

1716 Beschr., no. 469; Overbeck, Griech. Kunstmyth., III, Apollon, pp. 218 f. and fig. 14 (restored), interpreted the torso as that of an Apollo; but the Phrygian coin there pictured (Muenztafel, IV, 31), of the time of Lucius Verus, may merely show that the motive later was transferred to the god.

1717 Bronzen v. Ol., Textbd., pp. 21–2; Tafelbd., Pl. VIII, no. 57. It is only 0.112 meter high.

1718 E. g., Bronzen v. Ol., Pl. VIII, nos. 51–54 (statuettes); Pl. VI, nos. 59 and 63 (arm and right lower leg respectively); cf. Reisch, p. 39.