[1] Diaries of a Lady of Quality, by Miss Frances Williams Wynn. 1864.

[2] Memoirs of the Courts and Cabinets of William IV. and Victoria, by the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. 1861.

[3] Memoirs of an Ex-Minister, by the Right Hon. the Earl of Malmesbury. 1884.

[4] McGilchrist’s Life of Queen Victoria. 1868.

[5] History of England, Vol. I., chap. 2.

[6] The Greville Memoirs: Second Part (1885), relating to the Reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1852.

[7] Recollections of Society in France and England, by Lady Clementina Davies. 1872.

[8] Sir Theodore Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort.

[9] Lord Malmesbury’s Memoirs of an Ex-Minister, Vol. I.

[10] Sir Theodore Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Vol. I.

[11] The Early Days of his Royal Highness the Prince Consort; compiled, under the direction of her Majesty, by Lieut.-General the Hon. C. Grey. 1867.

[12] Letter to Baron Stockmar, May, 1841.

[13] Sir Theodore Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort.

[14] Leaves from the Journal of our Life in the Highlands.

[15] Early Years of the Prince Consort.

[16] Harriet Martineau’s History of England during the Thirty Years’ Peace.

[17] Sir Theodore Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Vol. I.

[18] Morley’s Life of Cobden, Vol. I., p. 134: Vol. II., pp. 396 and 482.

[19] Thoughts on the Present Discontents.

[20] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Vol. I., p. 315.

[21] Examiner, 27th December, 1845.

[22] The Croker Papers. The Correspondence and Diaries of the late Right Honourable John Wilson Croker, LL.D., F.R.S., Secretary to the Admiralty from 1809 to 1830. Edited by Louis J. Jennings, Vol. III., p. 67.

[23] Memoirs of an Ex-Minister, by the Earl of Malmesbury, G.C.B., Vol. I., pp. 166 and 167.

[24] A Sketch of the Life and Character of Sir Robert Peel, by Sir Lawrence Peel, p. 283.

[25] Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, by M. Guizot, p. 251.

[26] Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, edited by Philip Henry, Earl Stanhope, and the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, Vol. II.

[27] Sir Robert Peel: An Historical Sketch, by Henry, Lord Dalling, 1874.

[28] Irish History for English Readers, p. 133.

[29] Morley’s Life of Cobden, Chap. XIV.

[30] Gardener’s Chronicle, September, 1845.

[31] Endymion, Vol. II., p. 190 (Tauchnitz Edition).

[32] Prentice’s History of the League, Vol. II., p. 415.

[33] Morley’s Life of Cobden, Chap. XIV.

[34] Examiner, 17th January, 1846.

[35] See Times Report, 7th of January, 1846.

[36] Hansard.

[37] Life and Letters of Samuel Wilberforce, D.D., by R. G. Wilberforce, Vol. I.

[38] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Note by the Queen, Vol. I., p. 322.

[39] Leading article, Daily Chronicle, 9th April, 1886.

[40] Memoirs of an Ex-Minister, by the Right Hon. the Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. I. p. 171.

[41] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Vol. II., p. 312.

[42] Campbell’s Lives of the Chancellors.

[43] Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, edited by Philip, Earl Stanhope, and the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell.

[44] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Vol. I., p. 328.

[45] Martin’s Life of Lord Lyndhurst, Vol. II., p. 409.

[46] Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, edited by Lord Stanhope and the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell. Murray: 1875. Vol. II., p. 298.

[47] Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, ut supra.

[48] Sir Robert Peel’s Memorandum to the Duke of Wellington on the Position of the Cabinet, June 21. Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel, Vol. II., p. 288.

[49] Memoirs of Sir R. Peel, Vol. II., p. 246.

[50] Life of Lord Lyndhurst, by Sir Theodore Martin, K.C.B., p. 418.

[51] The Physiology of the Peel Party. Edinburgh: 1846. Privately printed.

[52] Lord Grey’s objections were not overcome, as a matter of fact, till Lord John Russell pledged himself to exercise vigilant personal control over Lord Palmerston’s Foreign Policy.

[53] Life of Lord Campbell, by the Hon. Mrs. Hardcastle, Vol. II., p. 201.

[54] See Mill’s Principles of Political Economy, Book V., Chap. XI., § 14.

[55] Memoirs, Vol. VIII.

[56] In the Edinburgh Review, Vol. LXXXV., there is an article on the seizure of Cracow, which, though not written by Prince Albert, one might almost say was dictated by him.

[57] C. C. Greville’s Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria, Vol. II., p. 421.

[58] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Chap. XVII.

[59] Stockmar’s Memorabilia.

[60] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort.

[61] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort.

[62] Stockmar’s Memorabilia.

[63] Life and Letters of Baroness Bunsen, by A. J. C. Hare, Vol. II., p. 92.

[64] Experimental Researches in Electricity, by Michael Faraday, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. From the Philosophical Transactions, Part I. for 1846.

[65] Times, 13th January, 1886.

[66] Progress and Poverty, Chap. II.

[67] Life of Lord Campbell, Vol. II., p. 215.

[68] Hansard’s Debates, 19th January, 1847.

[69] Times, City Article, 10th January, 1846.

[70] Return in Appendix D to the Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on Commercial Distress. 1848. P. Paper, No. 395.

[71] Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on Commercial Distress. Minutes of Evidence. 1848: Q. 4861-4876.

[72] Edinburgh Review, 1848.

[73] Life of Lord Campbell, Vol. II., p. 218.

[74] C. C. Greville’s Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria, Vol. II., p. 85.

[75] Life of Lord Palmerston, Vol. II., p. 41.

[76] Life of Lord Palmerston, by the Hon. E. Ashley, Vol. II., p. 46.

[77] It was so obscure that Dr. Wilberforce says, playfully, in one of his letters to his brother:—“N.B.—Could we not pass a vote that Hampden should always preach in Hebrew?”—Life of Bishop Wilberforce, Vol. I., p. 93.

[78] Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria, Vol. II., p. 115.

[79] Bulwer’s Life of Lord Palmerston, Vol. III., p 388.

[80] A strong Memorandum by Lord Palmerston on the National Defences, December, 1846, is given in extenso in Lord Dalling’s Life of Lord Palmerston, Vol. III., p. 390.

[81] Vol. II., p. 220.

[82] Life and Letters of Baroness Bunsen, Vol. II., p. 8.

[83] Life of Bishop Wilberforce, Vol. I., p. 398.

[84] It is supposed to be the special prerogative of Trinity to receive Royal visitors to Cambridge.

[85] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Chap. X.

[86] Whewell’s Memoirs.

[87] Life of Lord Campbell, Vol. II., p. 226.

[88] Memoirs of an Ex Minister, Vol. I., p. 208.

[89] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort, Chap. XXIV.

[90] Cobden’s Speeches, Vol. II., p. 548.

[91] Le Moniteur, 28th January, 1847.

[92] Correspondence and Conversations of Alexis de Tocqueville with Nassau William Senior, edited by M. P. Simpson, Vol. I., p. 37.

[93] For much interesting information on Chartism, the reader who desires to study the subject further may profitably refer to Forty Years’ Recollections, by Thomas Frost; Frost’s Secret Societies of the European Revolution; Urquhart’s Diplomatic Review; Molesworth’s History of England; Memoirs and Correspondence of Thomas Slingsby Duncombe; Gammage’s Narrative of the Chartist Movement; and Sybil, or the Two Nations, by Lord Beaconsfield.

[94] Memoirs of an Ex-Minister, by Lord Malmesbury, Vol. I., p. 224.

[95] Life and Letters of John, Lord Campbell, by the Hon. Mrs. Hardcastle.

[96] Memoirs of an Ex-Minister.

[97] Letter to Mrs. Carlyle. Thomas Carlyle: A History of his Life in London, by J. A. Froude, Vol. I., p. 434.

[98] Martin’s Life of the Prince Consort.

[99] Life and Labours of Albany Fonblanque, p. 217.

[100] Morley’s Life of Cobden.

[101] This was a favourite idea with the Duke. He attributed our Afghan disasters to our failure to keep open our communications.

[102] Forty Years’ Recollections, by Thomas Frost, p. 161.

[103] Young Ireland: a Fragment of Irish History, by Sir C. Gavan Duffy (Cassell & Company).

[104] Young Ireland. Fortnightly Review, December, 1880.

[105] “It is a peculiarity of Irish rebellion that it counts so much on the co-operation of women, who are to be nothing less than unsexed for its purposes. “Women are to squirt vitriol, and women are to put on hoops—not hoops on their own persons, but hoops on the persons of her Majesty’s soldiers, hoops wrapped round with turpentine, steeped in tow and fired.... The Felon newspaper has run its short course. An apter name should be chosen for the next organ of the Mitchel doctrines. The Fiend should be the title.”—Examiner.

[106] New Ireland, Sixth Edition, p. 91.

[107] Prince Bismarck: An Historical Biography, by Charles Lowe, M.A., Vol. I., p. 63.

[108] Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria, Vol. III., p. 169.

[109] Greville’s Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria.

[110] Sybil, or the Two Nations, by the Earl of Beaconsfield, Book V., Chap. I.

[111] It is interesting to record that Lord Brougham, in the House of Lords on the 21st of July, 1848, read a letter in which the writer said that Mr. O’Connell had, in conversation, suggested, three weeks before Sir R. Peel’s Coercion Act was passed, that a suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act would be preferable, as it “would cure and not irritate.” Mr. O’Connell further stated that he would support Peel in pursuing that policy, provided the Minister would pledge himself to introduce the measures of relief and justice to Ireland which he had so often promised.

[112] Thomas Carlyle, by J. A. Froude, Vol. I., p. 248.

[113] Letter to the Registrar-General on Health Insurance, by William Farr, Esq. Appendix to the Registrar-General’s Report for 1849.

[114] Prince Consort’s Speeches.

[115] Leaves from her Majesty’s Journal, 8th of September, 1848.

[116] Lyell was knighted during this visit to Balmoral.

[117] H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

[118] Professor Anderson’s entertainment is evidently referred to here.

[119] The “ladle” in which the offertory is collected in Scottish parish churches is passed round each pew by an “elder” of the Kirk.

[120] In the Life of the Prince Consort, by Sir T. Martin, there is a record of a curious conversation the Prince and Lord Clarendon, giving a graphic description of rural Ireland at this time.

[121] This was done, as a matter of fact, on three previous occasions—the Irish Municipal Bill (1834), and the Irish Poor Law Bills of 1838 and 1847.

[122] Memoir of James, eighth Earl of Elgin, edited by Theodore Walrond, with a Preface by A. P. Stanley, Chap. IV., pp. 70 et seq.