177. One candareen equals 5.72 grains.

178. One koban equals 66 cents.

179. $4200.

180. Kaempfer, “History of Japan,” 1728, Vol. I, pp. 110, 111.

181. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 139.

182. Joao dos Santos, “Ethopia Oriental,” Lisbon, 1609, Vol. i, c. 27.

183. Lisbon Geographical Society Report, January, 1903.

184. “Britanniam petiisse spe margaritarum, quarum amplitudinem conferentem, interdum sua manu exegisse pondus.” “Divus Julius Caesar,” c. 47.

185. “Naturall Historie,” Holland edition, London, 1601, Lib. IX, c. 35.

186. “Vita Agricolæ,” c. 12.

187. Giles’s edition, London, 1840, p. 6.

188. Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland.” New York. 1903. Vol. II, p. 227.

189. Nicolai, “Anglia Sacra,” Vol. II, p. 236. Also “Alberti Magni Opera Omnia,” ed. Augusti Borgnet, Paris. 1890, Vol. V., p. 41.

190. “Histoire de l’Orfèvrerie-Joaillerie.” Paris, 1850, p. 46. De Laborde, “Emaux,” Paris, 1852, Vol. II, p. 437.

191. Camden. “Britannia.” 2nd edition, London, 1722, Vol. II, p. 802.

192. Macpherson, “Annals of Commerce,” Vol. II, p. 131.

193. Sibbald, “Hist. Nat. Scotiae,” 1684, Vol. III, p. 27.

194. Camden, “Britannia,” London, 1695, p. 924.

195. London, 1777, Vol. II., p. 24.

196. “History of Cumberland,” London, 1794, Vol. I, p. 573.

197. Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland,” New York, 1903, Vol. II, p. 227.

198. “Transactions of the Royal Society of London, for 1693,” Vol. XVIII, No. 198, pp. 659–663.

199. Pennant, “Tour in Scotland,” Chester, 1771.

200. London “Times,” December 24, 1863.

201. Hugh Miller, “My Schools and Schoolmasters,” 1852, p. 201.

202. Puton, “Mollusques terrestres et fluviales des Vosges: Le Département des Vosges, statistique, historique, et administrative, par Henri Lepaye et Ch. Charton,” Nancy, 1845, 8vo, 2 vols., Vol. I.

203. Godron, “Les perles de la Vologne, et le Château-sur-Perle.” “Mémoires de l’Académie de Stanislas, 1869,” Nancy, 1870, pp. 10–30.

204. Volcyr, “Cronicque abrégée par petits vers huytains des Empereurs, Roys, et Ducz d’Austraisie,” etc., Paris, 1530.

205. Reues, “De Gemmis aliquot,” etc., Tiguri, 1566, p. 47.

206. Claude de la Ruelle, “Les pourtraicts des ceremonies, ... et pompe funèbres faitez au corps de feu Charles III, Duc de Lorraine,” etc. Nancy, 1609.

207. Lister, “Journey to Paris in the year 1698,” London, p. 143.

208. Durival, “Description de la Lorraine et du Barrois,” Nancy, 1779, Vol. I, p. 280.

209. Bonnemere, “Les perles fines de l’Ouest de la France,” “Revue des sciences naturelles de l’Ouest,” 1899, Vol. III, p. 97–99.

210. “La Nature,” 1899, pp. 347, 348.

211. Von Hessling, “Ueber die Erzeugung künstlicher Perlen,” “Gelehrte Anzeigen der Münchener Akademie,” 1856, Vol. II, p. 159.

212. Weinmann, “Bresslauer Naturgeschichten,” 1725.

213. Tavernier, “Travels in India,” 1889, Vol. II, p. 113.

214. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 179.

215. “Beiträge zur Naturkunde des Herzogthums Celle,” Halle, 1766, Pt. I, p. 70.

216. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 180.

217. Möbius, “Die echten Perlen,” Hamburg, 1858., p. 47.

218. Jahn, “Voigtländische Perlenfischerei,” p. 165; Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182.

219. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182.

220. “Die echten Perlen,” p. 48.

221. Gesner, “De aquatilibus,” Tiguri, 1560.

222. Bohuslai Balbini, “Miscellanea historica regni Bohemiæ,” Prague, 1679, Vol. I, p. 73.

223. “Allg. Zeitung,” Nov. 1, 1858, No. 305.

224. Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 178.

225. Holberg, “Danmarks Riges Historie,” Reicharot edition, 1743, Vol. II, p. 632.

226. Thaaruys, “Versuch einer Statistik der dänischen Monarchie,” Copenhagen, 1795, Pt. I, p. 416.

227. Jahn, “Voigtländische Perlenfischerei,” p. 175; and Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 189.

228. Pontoppidan, “Versuch einer natürlichen Historie von Norwegen,” Copenhagen, 1754, Vol. II, p. 309.

229. Olaus Magnus, “Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus,” Antwerp, 1562, c. 6, p. 192.

230. Linnæus, “Lach. Lapponica,” Vol. II, pp. 104–107.

231. See “Abhandlungen der Schwedischen Akademie,” 1742, Vol. IV, p. 240; 1759, Vol. XXI, p. 136, and 1762, Vol. XXIV, p. 64.

232. “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 194.

233. Kawall, “La pêche des perles en Livonie,” “Annales de la Société Malacologique de Belgique,” 1872, Vol. VII, pp. 38–46.

234. Dionysius Fabricius, “Scriptor rerum Livonicarum,” 1612, Vol. II, p. 440.

235. G. F. Mylius, “Memorabilium Saxoniae subterraneae,” Leipzig, 1709–1718, Vol. II, p. 20.

236. Charles Zeze, “Considerations sur les lièvres blancs en Livonie,” 1749, p. 52.

237. A. H. Hupel, “Nouvelles topographiques de Livonie et d’Esthionie,” 1774, Vol. I, p. 134.

238. “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 196.

239. Baer and Helmersen, “Beiträge zur Kenntniss des russischen Reiches,” St. Petersburg, 1845, Vol. XI, pp. 143, 144.

240. Kohl, “Reisen in Südrussland,” 2nd edition, Leipzig, 1846, Vol. I, p. 15.

241. “Voyage aux Iles du Grand Océan,” Paris, 1838; also “Le Correspondant,” March 10, 1906.

242. “La Peche et la Culture des Huitres Perlières à Tahiti; Pêcheries de l’Archipel Tuamotu,” Paris, 1885.

243. Seurat, “L’huitre perlière,” Paris, 1900, p. 133.

244. Lucatt, “Rovings in the Pacific from 1837 to 1849,” London, 1851, Vol. I, p. 245.

245. “Bulletin United States Fish Commission,” Vol. V, p. 293.

246. Alexander, “Report United States Fish Commission,” Vol. XXVII, p. 764.

247. “Tahiti et les Colonies Françaises de la Polynésie,” Paris, 1887, p. 173.

248. “Report on Pearl Fisheries of North Queensland,” Brisbane, 1890.

249. Garran, “Australasia Illustrated,” Sydney, 1892, Vol. II, p. 886.

250. Gill, “Life in the Southern Isles,” London, 1876, p. 294.

251. “Australind,” London, 1900, pp. 233–239.

252. 45 Victoriæ, No. 2.

253. 50 Victoriæ, No. 2.

254. 55 Victoriæ, No. 29.

255. 50 Victoriæ, No. 7.

256. 55 Victoriæ, No. 29.

257. “Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and Bêche-de-Mer Fisheries,” Brisbane, 1897.

258. “Report on the Fishing Industry for the Year 1905,” Perth, 1906, pp. 4–7.

259. During the month of June, 1908, a severe storm destroyed a pearling fleet, with a loss of 40 vessels and 270 lives.

260. “Report of Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and Bêche-de-Mer Fisheries,” Brisbane, 1897.

261. 55 Victoriæ, No. 29.

262. To this should be added the output of Sharks Bay, amounting to £2000 in 1906, making a total of $450,000.

263. See pp. 70 and 200.

264. Comyn, “State of the Philippine Islands,” London, 1820, pp. 38, 39.

265. “Storia Naturale delle Gemme,” Naples, 1730. Vol. I, p. 461.

266. Crawfurd, “History of the Indian Archipelago,” Edinburgh, 1820, Vol. III, p. 445.

267. Act No. 51, June 7, 1904.

268. A letter from the Bureau of Insular Affairs, dated November 20, 1906, states: “It is proposed by the officials of the Moro province to amend the regulations so that, under certain restrictions, vessels of foreign build may engage in pearl fisheries.”

269. Act No. 43, amended June 7, 1904.

270. “Historia general de las Indias,” by Francisco Lopez de Gomara, 12mo, 1554, pp. 104–106 b.

271. Herrera, “Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano,” Dec. iii, Book VII, ch. 3.

272. Herrera, “Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales,” Dec. iv, Book VI, ch. 12.

273. Humboldt’s “Personal Narrative,” Vol. II, p. 273.

274. Translated from “Historia del Mondo Nuovo,” Geneva, 1578.

275. Translation of Chauveton’s Notes to Benzoni’s “Historia del Mondo Nuovo,” Geneva, 1578, fol. 170.

276. Ibid., fol. 168.

277. “Natural and Moral History of the Indies,” Hakluyt Society, London, 1880, p. 228.

278. Humboldt, “Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, 1799–1804.”

279. Findlay, “Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean,” London, 1851, Vol. I, p. 217.

280. Rosales, “Gran Recopilación de Venezuela,” Caracas, 1889.

281. Gomara, “Historia general de las Indias,” 1554, pp. 268, 269 b.

282. 111½ ounces of gold; present value about $2300.

283. Gemelli-Careri, “Giro del Mondo,” Venezia, 1719, p. 240.

284. Ulloa, “Relación historica del viage á la América meridional,” Madrid, 1748.

285. “Ulloa’s Voyage to South America,” translated by J. Adams, London, 1758.

286. Hakluyt’s “Voyages,” Glasgow, 1904, Vol. IX, pp. 318, 319.

287. Clavigero, “Storia della California,” Venezia, 1789, Vol. I, p. 161.

288. Venegas, “Noticia de las Californias,” Madrid, 1757, p. 454.

289. Clavigero, “Historia de la Baja antigua California.” Esteva, “Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geographia y Estadistica,” Vol. X, pp. 673–697.

290. Pedro Alvarado, “Historia California,” Vol. I, p. 10.

291. Baegert, “Nachrichten von der Amerikanischen Halbinsel Californien,” Mannheim, 1772.

292. Arch. Cal. Prov. St. Pap. xvi. Ben. Mil. xvi, xvii, xviii.

293. Hardy, “Travels in Mexico,” London, 1829, pp. 231–238.

294. Diguet, “Bulletin de la Société Centrale d’Aquiculture,” Paris, 1895, Vol. VII, pp. 1–18.

295. Esteva, “Memoria sobre la Pesca de la Perla,” “Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geographía,” Vol. X, pp. 681–688.

296. Lassepas, “Historia de la Baja California,” Mexico, 1859, p. 65.

297. Pujol, “Estudio Biológico sobre la ostra Avicula margaritiferus,” “Boletin de la Sociedad de Geographía,” Epoc. 2, Vol. III, p. 139 et seq.

298. Diguet, “Bulletin de la Société Centrale d’Aquiculture,” 1895, Vol. VII.

299. Lassepas, “Historia de la Colonizaciónde la Baja California,” Mexico, 1859.

300. “Recueil des pièces sur la Floride,” Paris, 1841.

301. “Relaçam verdadeira dos Trabalhos q ho gouernador dō Fernādo de Souto e certos fidalgos portugueses passarom no descobrimēto da provincia da Frolida. Agora nouamente feita per hū fidalgo Deluas.”

302. “La Florida del Ynca,” Lisbon, 1605.

303. One arroba = twenty-five pounds’ weight.

304. “Discovery of Florida,” Hakluyt Society, 1851, Vol. IX, p. 181.

305. Ibid., p. 50.

306. “Discovery of Florida,” Hakluyt Society, 1851, Vol. IX, p. 60.

307. Bernard Shipp, “The History of Hernando de Soto and Florida from 1512 to 1568,” Philadelphia, 1881, 8vo, p. 364.

308. Bernard Shipp, “The History of Hernando de Soto and Florida from 1512 to 1568,” Philadelphia, 1881, 8vo, p. 369.

309. Ibid., p. 372.

310. “Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeça de Vaca,” translated by Buckingham Smith, New York, 1871.

311. Bernard Shipp, “History of Hernando de Soto and Florida,” Philadelphia, 1881, p. 586.

312. Hakluyt, “The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation,” London, 1589.

313. “Purchas’s Pilgrims,” London, 1625, Vol. IV, p. 179.

314. Hakluyt’s “Voyages,” Glasgow, Vol. VIII, p. 357.

315. P. F. X. de Charlevoix, “History of New France,” New York, 1900, p. 129.

316. “Voyage of Father Gravier in 1700 From the Country of Illinois to the Mouth of the Mississippi,” Cleveland, 1900, p. 141.

317. Coxe, “A Description of the English Province of Carolana, by the Spaniards call’d Florida, and by the French La Louisiane, as also of the Great and Famous River Meschacebe or Missisipi,” London, 1722, pp. 82, 83.

318. “Allgemeine Handelszeitung,” Leipzig, April, 1789, p. 218.

319. “Frank Leslie’s Magazine,” New York, May 23, 1857, Vol. III, pp. 384–386.

320. “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” by George F. Kunz, New York, 1889–1892, pp. 211–257. “The Fresh-Water Pearls of the United States,” Washington, 1898, 50 pages and plates.

321. “Neue Zeit,” in Ausland, 1858, No. 8, p. 192.

322. See p. 258.

323. Illinois State has passed a bill to regulate pearl fishing. See Addendum on p. 513.

324. Philostratus, “Vita Apollonii,” Lib. III, c. 57, edit. Olearii, p. 139. Also see Konrad von Gessner, “Historiæ natura,” Lib. IV, p. 634.

325. Vol. XXII, pp. 425–437.

326. Pulteney, “General View of the Writings of Linnæus,” London, 1805.

327. “Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905. p. 26.

328. Pearl: an excrescence on the inside of a shell when the outside has been perforated.

329. Beckmann, “History of Inventions,” London, 1846, Vol. I, p. 263.

330. London, 1821, p. 48.

331. “Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905, p. 29.

332. See Grill, “Abhandlungen der königlichen Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften auf das Jahr 1772,” Leipzig, Vol. XXXIV, pp. 88–90.

333. “Journal of the Society of Arts,” Vol. II, pp. 72–75.

334. “Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905, p. 28.

335. “La Pèche et la Culture des Huitres Perlières à Tahiti,” Paris, 1885.

336. “Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences,” Vol. CXXVII, pp. 828–830.

337. See p. 73.

338. Kæmpfer, “History of Japan,” London, 1728, Vol. I, pp. 110–112.

339. “Notes and Queries,” 3rd Series, Vol. II, p. 228.

340. “Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,” Singapore, 1878, Vol. I., pp. 31–37.

341. “Jewelers’ Review,” May 10, 1892.

342. Bloomfield, “Hymns of the Atharvaveda,” Oxford, 1897, p. 62.

343. Macgowan, “Journal of the Society of Arts,” Vol. II, p. 73.

344. Pfirzmaier, “Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften,” Wien, 1868, Vol. LVII, p. 623.

345. Translated from Klenn, “Culturgeschichte,” Leipzig, 1852, Vol. X, p. 318.

346. Tennyson, “Idylls of the King.”

347. “Opera omnia,” Paris, 1864, Vol. V, p. 473.

348. W. & G. Audsley, “Handbook of Christian Symbolism,” London, 1865, p. 140.

349. “Lucile,” Pt. II, c. 6, st. 16.

350. “Le Mercure Indien, ou le Trésor des Indes,” Paris, 1672, p. 160.

351. Many Greek scholars maintain that this is a knotted cord or fillet; but this view is contested by others.

352. Edited by Jibananda Vidyasagara, Calcutta, 1877.

353. Edited by Vidyasagara, 1873.

354. Garbe, “Die Indischen Mineralien.” Narahari’s “Raganighantu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 74.