COUNTIES.Average Population from 1841-50.Total number of Persons committed for Trial or Bailed.Total for 10 years.Average per Year.Proportion to the Population.Number of Criminals to every 10,000 of Population.
1841.1842.1843.1844.1845.1846.1847.1848.1849.1850.
Bedford121,0831912292021881551851782041621611,8551851 in 65415·2
Berks194,7633063333282872602503353603583183,135313„   62216·0
Bucks140,9592872773132802862833153102872422,880288„   48920·4
Cambridge180,7472402412572972392762552443093022,660266„   67914·7
Chester395,9199431086101877768876787110708619008,981898„   44022·6
Cornwall349,9912952823012692722803412722772262,815281„ 12458·0
Cumberland186,7621511151091381181471201301591461,333133„ 14047·1
Derby250,2492773223222791862772142642452552,641264„   94710·5
Devon554,7386877167407157207219499248938077,872787„   70414·1
Dorset172,7362842412522032182253072873261902,533253„   68214·6
Durham368,7872152663003762032492793343213582,901290„ 12717·8
Essex332,3636477587105965546026036895876316,377638„   52019·1
Gloucester407,504123612521186107192988410921042106392010,6751067„   38126·1
Hereford97,8132452592382302261582122702422522,332233„   41923·8
Hertford168,1783193382652712442432913483183152,952295„   57017·5
Hunts57,94262686879888189104939082282„   70614·1
Kent585,249962115597791183181588910209809589,598960„   60916·4
Lancaster1,881,261398744973677289328523072345637783290334034,8423484„   53918·5
Leicester227,6214664925094813283583353462993003,914391„   58217·1
Lincoln378,2463495075635423894195065045295284,836484„   78112·8
Middlesex1,740,814358640944260402744404641517548563861373242,6724267„   40724·5
Monmouth164,0933642642612781962172822983704332,963296„   55418·0
Norfolk419,4636668087827886427207516896337057,184718„   58417·1
Northampton206,4963423462702943022702433073272482,949295„   69914·2
Northumberland284,7772262452902941891691892012612832,347235„ 12118·2
Nottingham282,5843293743533482672863433643413253,330333„   84811·8
Oxford166,7513233343282963092282992963032522,968297„   59117·8
Rutland23,7111448392328264152352733333„   71813·9
Salop243,3524164705344493082272673053473073,630363„   67014·9
Somerset452,515991114896710398737017748888857549,020902„   50119·9
Southampton377,0406777026765176196087377287516866,701670„   56217·7
Stafford579,686105914851175885717851102811201009105310,3821038„   55817·9
Suffolk325,3364825275856304074715054955374725,111511„   63615·7
Surrey635,9179231017867941942958131512961109103010,3981040„   61116·3
Sussex320,9445395504934094094685225465024804918492„   65215·3
Warwick444,55810461003104589476979999812579108809601960„   46321·6
Westmoreland57,4943339442446743347577046747„ 12238·1
Wilts241,8875065484644323794365024654523864570457„   52918·9
Worcester244,5745666096796035635356206816536076116612„   39925·0
York1,686,461189525982304169114171560179420362022191519,2321923„   87611·4
North Wales396,1612512792942832692203073323383162889289„ 13707·2
South Wales568,4303773875465144263504715905146134788479„ 11868·4
Total for England and Wales16,918,45827,76031,30929,59126,54224,30325,10728,83330,34927,81626,813278,42327,842„ 60716·4

LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF CRIMINALS TO EVERY 10,000 OF THE POPULATION.

Counties above the Average in Crime.

Gloucester26·1
Worcester25·0
Middlesex24·5
Hereford23·8
Chester22·6
Warwick21·6
Bucks20·4
Somerset19·9
Essex19·1
Wilts18·9
Lancaster18·5
Monmouth18·0
Stafford17·9
Oxford17·8
Southampton17·7
Hertford17·5
Leicester17·1
Norfolk17·1
Average for all England and Wales16·4

Counties above the Average in Crime.

Kent16·4
Surrey16·3
Berks16·0
Suffolk15·7
Sussex15·3
Bedford15·2
Salop14·9
Cambridge14·7
Dorset14·6
Northampton14·2
Devon14·1
Rutland13·9
Lincoln12·8
Nottingham11·8
York11·4
Derby10·5
South Wales8·4
Northumberland8·2
Westmorland8·1
Cornwall8·0
Durham7·8
North Wales7·2
Cumberland7·1

THE YEARS OF CRIME.

Years.Number of Criminal Offenders.Population.Number of Criminals to every 10,000 people.
18115,33710,150,6155·2
18126,57610,332,4416·3
18137,16410,515,2676·8
18146,39010,689,0935·9
18157,81810,881,9197·3
18169,09111,064,7458·2
181713,93211,247,57111·5
181813,56711,430,39711·8
181914,25411,613,22312·2
182013,71011,796,04911·6
Total for 10 years97,839109,630,320
Average ditto.9,78310,963,0328·9
182113,11511,978,87510·9
182212,24112,170,70610·0
182312,26312,362,5379·9
182413,69812,554,36810·9
182514,43712,746,19911·3
182616,16412,938,03012·5
182717,92413,129,86113·6
182816,56413,321,69212·4
182918,67513,531,52313·8
183018,10713,705,35413·2
Total for 10 years153,188128,421,145
Average ditto15,31812,842,11411·9
183119,64713,897,18714·1
183220,82914,098,14214·7
183320,07214,299,09714·0
183422,45114,500,05215·4
183520,73114,701,00714·1
183620,98414,901,96214·1
183723,61215,102,91715·6
183823,09415,303,87215·1
183924,44315,504,82715·7
184027,18715,705,78217·3
Total in 10 years223,050148,114,825
Average ditto22,30514,811,48215·0
184127,75015,914,14817·4
184231,30916,115,01019·4
184329,59116,315,87218·1
184426,54216,516,73416·0
184524,30316,717,59614·5
184625,10716,918,45814·9
184728,83317,119,32016·8
184830,34917,320,18217·5
184927,81617,521,04415·9
185026,81317,721,90615·1
Total for 10 years278,413168,180,270
Average ditto27,84116,818,02716·5

MAP
SHOWING THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN EVERY 100 PERSONS MARRIED;
OR
THE INTENSITY OF IGNORANCE
IN EACH COUNTY OF
ENGLAND AND WALES.

⁂ The counties printed black are those in which the number who signed the Marriage Register with Marks is above the Average.

The counties left white are those in which the number who signed the Marriage Register with Marks is below the Average.

The Average has been calculated for the ten years from 1839 to 1848.

TABLE SHOWING THE IGNORANCE OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND AND WALES, DEDUCED FROM THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.

COUNTIES.Average Annual No. of Persons married, 1839-48.Number of Males and Females who signed the Marriage Register with Marks.
1839.1840.1841.1842.1843.1844.
Bedford1,8501,1121,1489569211,0281,110
Berks2,5881,0361,1311,0611,0631,1111,079
Bucks1,9209791,008820918882918
Cambridge2,7841,2691,3721,4951,3891,2811,330
Chester5,1602,3432,5102,3502,0962,3662,403
Cornwall4,8942,1502,1482,1282,3122,2842,141
Cumberland2,072470563527539506500
Derby3,6521,5211,4901,3211,0611,3511,455
Devon8,6782,6031,8172,7442,9712,9953,055
Dorset2,358725930785852449945
Durham5,7701,9002,0832,0011,8301,7711,825
Essex4,2281,9642,2152,1032,0622,1102,157
Gloucester6,9182,3292,5412,3472,1972,3932,277
Hereford1,268462463522548609516
Hertford1,9761,1891,0451,0579541,0831,038
Hunts904391465453446439413
Kent8,0942,4312,3822,4762,4882,5562,502
Lancaster34,06816,41115,79316,09614,62617,82019,850
Leicester3,4601,4941,5041,2811,1891,4161,505
Lincoln5,5301,9442,2092,1742,0821,9591,998
Middlesex31,5905,1345,5695,2425,0455,4166,141
Monmouth2,5621,6461,6971,2831,0911,1101,228
Norfolk6,0422,4852,7722,5142,8322,8162,901
Northampton3,1941,3381,4891,3771,2201,4041,441
Northumberland4,0941,1491,2641,1089651,013811
Nottingham4,1681,7151,7241,6451,6421,7421,953
Oxford2,316826961951957929889
Rutland21611592125999769
Salop3,1801,6471,5681,4971,5331,3921,496
Somerset6,2262,3002,6082,7052,6432,6542,643
Southampton5,7681,6141,8012,0491,9591,9101,977
Stafford8,2923,8864,0453,5523,0653,3353,937
Suffolk4,7382,1732,3532,3422,0572,1242,304
Surrey10,3742,1282,2602,1802,1292,2052,185
Sussex4,2681,4521,4801,4001,3641,4431,427
Warwick6,4941,5122,4702,2942,0522,4152,516
Westmorland780195191177185193225
Wilts3,2361,4951,6031,5501,4871,5221,527
Worcester5,5363,2013,0982,9342,5882,5282,974
York26,66411,43911,89910,72610,50311,09912,970
North Wales5,1643,0283,0222,9992,9252,6942,737
South Wales8,1524,3824,5324,3784,0934,1904,617
Total for England and Wales261,340100,616104,33599,63494,996101,235107,985
Total for 10 years.Annual Average.No. of Persons who signed with Marks in every 100 married.Per Cent. above and below the Average.
1845.1846.1847.1848.
1,0951,1249571,00310,4541,04556†40·0
1,0701,1371,1181,16410,9701,09742† 5·0
9751,0749069999,47994849†22·5
1,4711,3981,2131,32813,5461,35545†12·5
2,7772,6082,1212,50324,0172,40846†15·0
2,3382,4072,1022,14622,1562,21645†12·5
5816475203505,20352025*37·5
1,6421,5441,3821,37714,1441,41439* 2·5
3,3123,2242,7821,98127,4842,74832*20·0
1,0339059419238,48884936*10·0
2,3752,3782,3762,32720,8662,08736*10·0
2,2462,1631,9771,96320,9602,09650†25·0
2,5782,6982,2152,30423,8792,38835*12·5
5985764244885,20652141† 2·5
1,1531,1029471,01310,5811,05854†35·0
4344664384404,38543949†22·5
2,9442,8552,5692,48125,6842,56832*20·0
22,17720,70916,58818,161178,23117,82352†30·0
1,5181,5791,3291,44114,2561,42641† 2·5
2,2322,1662,1592,43621,3592,13639* 2·5
6,4566,1635,6665,43356,2655,62718*55·0
1,7221,9821,7201,57415,0531,50559†47·5
3,1202,9642,7832,85528,0422,80446†15·0
1,5041,4671,2531,33213,8251,38343† 7·5
1,2141,2441,1901,32811,2861,12928*30·0
2,0001,8341,6351,76017,6501,76542† 5·0
8318808698438,93689439* 2·5
73991521181,03910449†22·5
1,4281,5441,5321,66115,2981,53048†20·0
2,5982,6322,1832,36025,3262,53341† 2·5
2,1812,1852,0191,87519,5701,95734*15·0
5,0914,9206,4235,26343,5174,35252†30·0
2,4362,3892,3252,35422,8572,28648†20·0
2,4732,4512,1342,03922,1842,21821*47·5
1,5941,5341,5121,37114,5771,45834*15·0
2,6702,9582,8702,85524,6122,46138* 5·0
2373212201352,07920827*32·5
1,6851,6421,4811,52815,5201,55248†20·0
3,7444,1921,8711,64328,7732,87752†30·0
13,39512,68811,79711,930118,44611,84544†10·0
2,9163,2192,9041,95128,3952,84055†37·5
4,9785,5654,7034,81146,2494,62557†42·5
118,894117,633104,306105,9371,050,907105,09140
COUNTIES.Average Annual No. of Persons married, 1839-48.Number of Males and Females who signed the Marriage Register with Marks.Total for 10 years.Annual Average.No. of Persons who signed with Marks in every 100 married.Per Cent. above and below the Average.
1839.1840.1841.1842.1843.1844.1845.1846.1847.1848.
Bedford1,8501,1121,1489569211,0281,1101,0951,1249571,00310,4541,04556†40·0
Berks2,5881,0361,1311,0611,0631,1111,0791,0701,1371,1181,16410,9701,09742† 5·0
Bucks1,9209791,0088209188829189751,0749069999,47994849†22·5
Cambridge2,7841,2691,3721,4951,3891,2811,3301,4711,3981,2131,32813,5461,35545†12·5
Chester5,1602,3432,5102,3502,0962,3662,4032,7772,6082,1212,50324,0172,40846†15·0
Cornwall4,8942,1502,1482,1282,3122,2842,1412,3382,4072,1022,14622,1562,21645†12·5
Cumberland2,0724705635275395065005816475203505,20352025*37·5
Derby3,6521,5211,4901,3211,0611,3511,4551,6421,5441,3821,37714,1441,41439* 2·5
Devon8,6782,6031,8172,7442,9712,9953,0553,3123,2242,7821,98127,4842,74832*20·0
Dorset2,3587259307858524499451,0339059419238,48884936*10·0
Durham5,7701,9002,0832,0011,8301,7711,8252,3752,3782,3762,32720,8662,08736*10·0
Essex4,2281,9642,2152,1032,0622,1102,1572,2462,1631,9771,96320,9602,09650†25·0
Gloucester6,9182,3292,5412,3472,1972,3932,2772,5782,6982,2152,30423,8792,38835*12·5
Hereford1,2684624635225486095165985764244885,20652141† 2·5
Hertford1,9761,1891,0451,0579541,0831,0381,1531,1029471,01310,5811,05854†35·0
Hunts9043914654534464394134344664384404,38543949†22·5
Kent8,0942,4312,3822,4762,4882,5562,5022,9442,8552,5692,48125,6842,56832*20·0
Lancaster34,06816,41115,79316,09614,62617,82019,85022,17720,70916,58818,161178,23117,82352†30·0
Leicester3,4601,4941,5041,2811,1891,4161,5051,5181,5791,3291,44114,2561,42641† 2·5
Lincoln5,5301,9442,2092,1742,0821,9591,9982,2322,1662,1592,43621,3592,13639* 2·5
Middlesex31,5905,1345,5695,2425,0455,4166,1416,4566,1635,6665,43356,2655,62718*55·0
Monmouth2,5621,6461,6971,2831,0911,1101,2281,7221,9821,7201,57415,0531,50559†47·5
Norfolk6,0422,4852,7722,5142,8322,8162,9013,1202,9642,7832,85528,0422,80446†15·0
Northampton3,1941,3381,4891,3771,2201,4041,4411,5041,4671,2531,33213,8251,38343† 7·5
Northumberland4,0941,1491,2641,1089651,0138111,2141,2441,1901,32811,2861,12928*30·0
Nottingham4,1681,7151,7241,6451,6421,7421,9532,0001,8341,6351,76017,6501,76542† 5·0
Oxford2,3168269619519579298898318808698438,93689439* 2·5
Rutland2161159212599976973991521181,03910449†22·5
Salop3,1801,6471,5681,4971,5331,3921,4961,4281,5441,5321,66115,2981,53048†20·0
Somerset6,2262,3002,6082,7052,6432,6542,6432,5982,6322,1832,36025,3262,53341† 2·5
Southampton5,7681,6141,8012,0491,9591,9101,9772,1812,1852,0191,87519,5701,95734*15·0
Stafford8,2923,8864,0453,5523,0653,3353,9375,0914,9206,4235,26343,5174,35252†30·0
Suffolk4,7382,1732,3532,3422,0572,1242,3042,4362,3892,3252,35422,8572,28648†20·0
Surrey10,3742,1282,2602,1802,1292,2052,1852,4732,4512,1342,03922,1842,21821*47·5
Sussex4,2681,4521,4801,4001,3641,4431,4271,5941,5341,5121,37114,5771,45834*15·0
Warwick6,4941,5122,4702,2942,0522,4152,5162,6702,9582,8702,85524,6122,46138* 5·0
Westmorland7801951911771851932252373212201352,07920827*32·5
Wilts3,2361,4951,6031,5501,4871,5221,5271,6851,6421,4811,52815,5201,55248†20·0
Worcester5,5363,2013,0982,9342,5882,5282,9743,7444,1921,8711,64328,7732,87752†30·0
York26,66411,43911,89910,72610,50311,09912,97013,39512,68811,79711,930118,44611,84544†10·0
North Wales5,1643,0283,0222,9992,9252,6942,7372,9163,2192,9041,95128,3952,84055†37·5
South Wales8,1524,3824,5324,3784,0934,1904,6174,9785,5654,7034,81146,2494,62557†42·5
Total for England and Wales261,340100,616104,33599,63494,996101,235107,985118,894117,633104,306105,9371,050,907105,09140

LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR IGNORANCE, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN EVERY 100 PERSONS MARRIED.

Counties above the Average, or most Ignorant.

Monmouth59
South Wales57
Bedford56
North Wales55
Hertford54
Lancaster52
Stafford52
Worcester52
Essex50
Bucks49
Hunts49
Rutland49
Salop48
Suffolk48
Wilts48
Chester46
Norfolk46
Cambridge45
Cornwall45
York44
Northampton43
Berks42
Nottingham42
Hereford41
Leicester41
Somerset41

Counties below the Average, or least Ignorant.

Derby39
Lincoln39
Oxford39
Warwick38
Dorset36
Durham36
Gloucester35
Southampton34
Sussex34
Devon32
Kent32
Northumberland28
Westmorland27
Cumberland25
Surrey21
Middlesex18
Average for England and Wales40

THE CRIME AND IGNORANCE OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES COMPARED.

Percentage above and below the Average.
In No. of Criminals.In No. signing Register with Marks.In No. of Criminals unable to read and write.
Counties having great Crime and great Ignorance.
Worcester †52·4 †36·0 † 8·5
Chester †37·8 †15·0 † 9·4
Hereford †45·1 † 2·5 †41·5
Bucks †24·4 †22·5 † 6·9
Somerset †21·3 † 2·5 † 7·2
Essex †16·4 †25·0 †24·2
Lancaster †12·8 †30·0 †22·0
Hertford † 6·7 †35·0 †29·8
Norfolk † 4·2 †15·0 †19·1
Counties having little Crime and little Ignorance.
Cumberland *56·7 *37·5 *15·4
Westmorland *50·6 *32·5 *38·6
Northumberland *50·0 *30·0 *19·1
Derby *36·0 * 2·5 *23·5
Lincoln *22·0 * 2·5 *14·8
Devon *14·0 *20·0 *12·9
Sussex * 6·7 *15·0 * 4·0
Surrey * ·6 *47·5 *13·8
Counties having great Crime, and in which the Ignorance Tests are contradictory.
Warwick †31·7 * 5·0 † 9·7
Wilts †15·2 †20·0 *20·4
Monmouth † 9·7 †47·0 *12·2
Stafford † 9·1 †30·0 * 3·4
Leicester † 4·2 † 2·5 *11·6
Counties having great Crime and little Ignorance.
Gloucester †59·1 *12·5 *11·9
Middlesex †49·4 *55·0 *21·7
Oxford † 8·5 * 2·5 * ·9
Southampton † 7·9 *15·0 *13·5
Counties having little Crime and great Ignorance.
North Wales *56·1 †37·5 †20·4
South Wales *48·7 †42·5 †14·7
Hants *14·0 †22·5 † 1·9
Northampton *13·4 † 7·5 † 1·5
Salop * 9·1 †20·0 †25·8
Bedford * 7·3 †40·0 †28·3
Suffolk * 4·2 †20·0 † 8·1
Counties having little Crime, and in which the Ignorance Tests are contradictory.
Durham *51·8 *10·0 † 1·5
Cornwall *51·2 †12·5 * 6·9
York *30·5 †10·0 * 8·5
Nottingham *28·0 † 5·0 * 5·6
Berks *21·4 † 5·0 * 4·7
Rutland *15·2 †22·5 * 2·5
Cambridge *10·3 †12·5 * 2·5
Dorset *10·0 *10·0 † 4·7
Kent *20·0 † 6·3

TABLE SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF IGNORANCE AMONGST THE CRIMINALS IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES IN THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.