Counties in which the Illegitimate Births and the Early Marriages are both above the Average.Percent. above & below the Aver.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.In No. of Early Marriages.
Among Males.Among Females.
Norfolk†56† 16†81
Nottingham†35† 40†17
Suffolk†26† 21†17
Suffolk†26† 21†17
Suffolk†26† 21†21
Derby†20† 7† 2
Chester†32† 25†12
Leicester†17† 84†33
Berks†17† 12† 6
Lancaster†14† 16† 3
Bedford†14†153†74
Oxford†13† 7†12
Hertford† 7† 74†56
York† 6† 33†39
Bucks† 4† 72†44
Stafford† 3† 44†30
Wilts† 3† 58†21
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children and Early Marriages are both below the Average.
Middlesex*40*58*37
Surrey*34*63*25
Cornwall*29*25* 3
Monmouth*26*35*22
Devon*25*49*39
Rutland*16*16* 5
Southampton*10*42*13
Gloucester* 4* 2*23
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children and Early Marriages among Males are both below the Average, and those among Females above it.
Kent*19*40† 4
Durham*10*19† 5
Lincoln* 1* 9†13
Exceptional County.
Sussex† 1*12†19
Counties in which the Illegitimate Births are above the Average and the Early Marriages below it.
Cumberland†61*23*22
Hereford†49*60*41
Salop†47*33*30
Westmorland†29*25* 5
North Wales†16*37*43
Northumberland† 8* 9*81
South Wales† 7*30*39
⁂ In the majority of these counties some peculiar form of courtship (as “night courtship” and “bundling”) prevails.
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children are below the Average, and the Early Marriages above it.
Hunts*28†130†149
Northampton*10† 65† 41
Essex*10† 33† 50
Worcester* 1† 30† 12
Cambridge* 1† 70† 68
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children and the Early Marriages among Females are both below the Average, and those among Males above it.
Warwick*16†7* 3
Somerset* 6†9*17
Dorset* 1†9* 7

⁂ The rule appears to be, that in those counties in which there are the greatest number of Early Marriages, there are (generally) the greatest number of Illegitimate Children, and vice versâ.

MAP
SHOWING
THE NUMBER OF FEMALES TO EVERY 100 MALES
IN EACH OF THE COUNTIES OF
ENGLAND & WALES.

⁂ The counties printed black are those in which the proportion of Females to Males is above the Average.

The counties left white are those in which the proportion of Females to Males is below the Average.

The Average for all England and Wales is 105 Females to every 100 Males.

TABLE SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF FEMALES TO MALES IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES.

COUNTIES.1851.Number of Females to every 100 Males.Proportion per Cent. above and below the Average. † denotes above. * below.
Male Population.Female Population.
Bedford62,42067,369108†2·9
Berks99,22799,927101*3·8
Bucks70,78472,886103*1·9
Cambridge95,50596,351101*3·8
Chester206,715216,723105
Cornwall171,979184,683107†1·9
Cumberland96,10699,381103*1·9
Derby129,379131,328101*3·8
Devon271,579300,628111†5·7
Dorset85,81691,781107†1·9
Durham206,666204,86699*5·7
Essex172,161171,755100*4·8
Gloucester198,122221,353112†6·7
Hereford49,69449,41899*5·7
Hertford86,33187,632102*2·9
Hunts29,98430,336101*3·8
Kent308,115311,092101*3·8
Lancaster1,005,6271,058,286105
Leicester115,295119,643104*1·0
Lincoln201,027199,23999*5·7
Middlesex885,6141,010,096114†8·6
Monmouth92,09585,07092*12·4
Norfolk210,360223,443106†1·0
Northampton106,533107,251101*3·8
Northumberland149,158154,377103*1·9
Nottingham144,428150,010104*1·0
Oxford85,44984,83799*5·7
Rutland12,27012,00298*6·7
Salop122,022122,997101*3·8
Somerset216,716239,521111†5·7
Southampton199,834202,199101*3·8
Stafford320,394310,11297*7·6
Suffolk165,267170,724103*1·9
Surrey325,155359,650111†5·7
Sussex166,828172,600103*1·9
Warwick235,263244,716104*1·0
Westmorland29,06429,316101*3·8
Wilts113,839122,164103*1·9
Worcester126,739132,023104*1·0
York886,845901,922102*2·9
North Wales200,538203,622102*2·9
South Wales300,645306,851102*2·9
Total for England and Wales8,762,5889,160,180105

LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR PROPORTION OF FEMALE TO MALE POPULATION, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF FEMALES TO EVERY 100 MALES.

Counties above the Average.

Middlesex 114
Gloucester 112
Devon 111
Somerset 111
Surrey 111
Bedford 108
Cornwall 107
Dorset 107
Norfolk 106
Average for England & Wales 105

Counties below the Average.

Chester105
Lancaster105
Leicester104
Nottingham104
Warwick104
Worcester104
Bucks103
Cumberland103
Northumb.103
Suffolk103
Sussex103
Wilts103
Hertford102
York102
North Wales102
South Wales102
Berks101
Cambridge101
Derby101
Hunts101
Kent101
Northampton101
Salop101
Southampton101
Westmorland101
Essex100
Durham99
Hereford99
Lincoln99
Oxford99
Rutland98
Stafford97
Monmouth92

THE EXCESS OF FEMALES AND ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS COMPARED.

Counties in which the Number of Females and Illegitimate Births are both above the Average.Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above and * below.Counties in which the Number of Females is above and of the Illegitimate Births is below the Average.Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above and * below.
In No. of Females to Males.In No. of Illegitimate Births.In No. of Females to Males.In No. of Illegitimate Births.
Bedford† 3†14Middlesex† 8*40
Norfolk† 1†56Gloucester† 6* 4
Devon† 5*25
Surrey† 5*34
Somerset† 5* 6
Cornwall† 2*29
Dorset† 1* 1
Counties in which the Number of Females and Illegitimate Births are both below the Average.Counties in which the Number of Females is below the Average and the Illegitimate Births above it.
Monmouth*12*26Stafford* 7† 3
Rutland* 6*16Oxford* 5†13
Lincoln* 5* 1Hereford* 5†49
Durham* 5*10Westmorland* 3†29
Essex* 4*10Salop* 3†47
Hunts* 3*28Derby* 3†20
Northampton* 3*10Berks* 3†17
Kent* 3*19York* 2† 6
Cambridge* 3* 1Hertford* 2† 7
Southampton* 3*10South Wales* 2† 7
Warwick* 1*16North Wales* 2† 6
Worcester* 1* 1Northumb.* 1† 8
Cumberland* 1†61
Wilts* 1† 3
Suffolk* 1†26
Bucks* 1† 4
Nottingham* 1†35
Leicester* 1†17
Sussex* 1† 1
Lancaster..†14
Chester..†32

⁂ The rule appears to be, that in those counties in which the number of females, in proportion to the males, is the smallest, the number of illegitimate births is the greatest, and where it is the greatest, the illegitimate births are the smallest.

MAP
SHOWING
THE NUMBER OF PERSONS COMMITTED FOR RAPE
IN EVERY 10,000,000 OF THE POPULATION,
IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF
ENGLAND AND WALES.

⁂ The counties printed black are those in which the number committed for Rape is above the Average.

The counties left white are those in which the number committed for Rape is below the Average.

The Average has been calculated for the ten years from 1841 to 1850.

The Average for all England and Wales is 68 in every 10,000,000 People.
Monmouth (the highest)171„„
Nottingham (the lowest)28„„

TABLE SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES WITH REGARD TO RAPE.

COUNTIES.Average Population from 1841-50.Total Number Committed for Rape.
1841.1842.1843.1844.1845.1846.1847.1848.1849.1850.
Bedford121,08322....1....111
Berks194,7631113......312
Bucks140,95911272..2..52
Cambridge180,7471......122112
Chester395,9191976..711126
Cornwall349,991711213..522
Cumberland186,762......3..2....2..
Derby250,249....52..21..11
Devon554,73811511544..5
Dorset172,736..13..2..11..1
Durham368,7872285197454
Essex332,363210212142422
Gloucester407,504..127222147
Hereford97,813........112..1..
Hertford168,178..6..5231421
Hunts57,9421..............11
Kent585,24911078111123
Lancaster1,881,261881112108121249
Leicester227,6211322..21..41
Lincoln378,246..121....34..2
Middlesex1,740,81491311812121515119
Monmouth164,0933225461..15
Norfolk419,4632143272459
Northampton206,4963..123....124
Northumberland284,7771..63..12..3..
Nottingham282,584..121..1..111
Oxford166,7511..21231311
Rutland23,711....1........1....
Salop243,352..222112....5
Somerset452,5152..36..43323
Southampton377,0404144213451
Stafford579,6866484510861713
Suffolk325,336132..232232
Surrey635,917..161734544
Sussex320,944542..32....1..
Warwick444,558..514....1233
Westmorland57,494..........4........
Wilts241,8873622121213
Worcester244,5741142181..33
York1,686,4615123212177141515
North Wales396,16132....2..12..2
South Wales568,430..331131332
Total for England and Wales16,918,458781181271278613997124121137
Total for 10 years.Annual Average.No. committed annually for Rape in every 10,000,000 Persons.Proportion per Cent above and below the Aver.
† denotes above.
*    „    below.
8·866*2·9
121·262*8·8
222·2156†129·4
101·055*19·1
505·0126†85·3
242·468
7·737*45·6
121·248*29·4
272·749*27·9
9·952*23·5
474·7127†86·8
424·2126†85·3
282·869†1·5
5·551*25·0
242·4143†110·3
3·352*23·5
353·560*11·8
949·450*26·5
161·670†2·9
131·334*50·0
11511·566*2·9
292·9177†145·6
393·993†36·8
151·573†7·4
161·656*17·6
8·828*58·8
151·590†32·4
2·284†23·5
151·562*8·8
262·657*16·2
292·977†13·2
818·1140†105·9
202·061*10·3
353·555*19·1
171·753*22·1
191·943*36·8
4·470†2·9
232·395†39·7
242·49†44·1
10210·260*11·8
121·230*55·9
202·035*48·5
1154115·468
COUNTIES.Average Population from 1841-50.Total Number Committed for Rape.Total for 10 years.Annual Average.No. committed annually for Rape in every 10,000,000 Persons.Proportion per Cent above and below the Aver.
† denotes above.
*    „    below.
1841.1842.1843.1844.1845.1846.1847.1848.1849.1850.
Bedford121,08322....1....1118·866*2·9
Berks194,7631113......312121·262*8·8
Bucks140,95911272..2..52222·2156†129·4
Cambridge180,7471......122112101·055*19·1
Chester395,9191976..711126505·0126†85·3
Cornwall349,991711213..522242·468
Cumberland186,762......3..2....2..7·737*45·6
Derby250,249....52..21..11121·248*29·4
Devon554,73811511544..5272·749*27·9
Dorset172,736..13..2..11..19·952*23·5
Durham368,7872285197454474·7127†86·8
Essex332,363210212142422424·2126†85·3
Gloucester407,504..127222147282·869†1·5
Hereford97,813........112..1..5·551*25·0
Hertford168,178..6..5231421242·4143†110·3
Hunts57,9421..............113·352*23·5
Kent585,24911078111123353·560*11·8
Lancaster1,881,261881112108121249949·450*26·5
Leicester227,6211322..21..41161·670†2·9
Lincoln378,246..121....34..2131·334*50·0
Middlesex1,740,8149131181212151511911511·566*2·9
Monmouth164,0933225461..15292·9177†145·6
Norfolk419,4632143272459393·993†36·8
Northampton206,4963..123....124151·573†7·4
Northumberland284,7771..63..12..3..161·656*17·6
Nottingham282,584..121..1..1118·828*58·8
Oxford166,7511..21231311151·590†32·4
Rutland23,711....1........1....2·284†23·5
Salop243,352..222112....5151·562*8·8
Somerset452,5152..36..43323262·657*16·2
Southampton377,0404144213451292·977†13·2
Stafford579,6866484510861713818·1140†105·9
Suffolk325,336132..232232202·061*10·3
Surrey635,917..161734544353·555*19·1
Sussex320,944542..32....1..171·753*22·1
Warwick444,558..514....1233191·943*36·8
Westmorland57,494..........4........4·470†2·9
Wilts241,8873622121213232·395†39·7
Worcester244,5741142181..33242·49†44·1
York1,686,461512321217714151510210·260*11·8
North Wales396,16132....2..12..2121·230*55·9
South Wales568,430..331131332202·035*48·5
Total for England and Wales16,918,4587811812712786139971241211371154115·468

⁂ The proportionate number of persons perpetrating this crime has been calculated with reference to the entire population, instead of the male part of it only, as at the first glance might seem necessary, males only being capable of committing the above offence. But it was found, on examination, that the intensity of the criminality in the several counties in this respect was influenced by the relative number of females. Monmouth contains the greatest number of males in proportion to females; so that, were the male population alone considered, the criminality of that county in the above respect would be considerably decreased. But the fact of there being more rapes in Monmouth than elsewhere would appear to be owing to the very excess of males over females in that county; the average, therefore, has been calculated from the entire population.

LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO RAPE, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY 10,000,000 OF THE POPULATION.

Counties above the Average.

Monmouth177
Bucks156
Hertford143
Stafford140
Durham127
Chester126
Essex126
Worcester98
Wilts95
Norfolk93
Oxford90
Rutland84
Southamp.77
Northamp.73
Leicester70
Westmor.70
Gloucester69
Average for England and Wales68

Counties below the Average.

Cornwall68
Bedford66
Middlesex66
Berks62
Salop62
Suffolk61
Kent60
York60
Somerset57
Northumb.56
Cambridge55
Surrey55
Sussex53
Dorset52
Hunts52
Hereford51
Lancaster50
Devon49
Derby48
Warwick43
Cumberland37
S. Wales35
Lincoln34
N. Wales30
Nottingham28

THE CRIME OF RAPE COMPARED WITH THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN IN EACH COUNTY

Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Illegitimate Births are both above the Average.Percentage above and below the Average.
† denotes above.
*    „    below.		Counties in which the Number of Rapes is above and the Number of Illegitimate Births below the Average.Percentage above and below the Average.
† denotes above.
*    „    below.
In Number of Rapes.In No. of Illegitimate Births.In Number of Rapes.In No. of Illegitimate Births.
Bucks†129·4† 4·4Monmouth†145·6*26·8
Hertford†110·3† 7·4Durham† 86·8*10·4
Stafford†105·9† 3·0Essex† 85·3*10·4
Chester† 85·3†32·8Worcester† 44·1* 1·5
Wilts† 39·7† 3·0Rutland† 23·5*16·4
Norfolk† 36·8†56·7Southampton† 13·2*10·4
Oxford† 32·4†13·4Northampton† 7·4*10·4
Leicester† 2·9†17·9Gloucester† 1·5* 4·5
Westmorland† 2·9†29·8
Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Illegitimate Births are both below the Average.Counties in which the Number of Rapes is below and the Number of Illegitimate Births above the Average.
Lincoln*50·0* 1·5Nottingham*58·8†35·8
Warwick*36·8*16·4North Wales*55·9†16·4
Devon*27·9*25·3South Wales*48·5† 7·4
Hunts*23·5*28·3Cumberland*45·6†61·2
Dorset*23·5* 1·5Derby*29·4†20·9
Surrey*19·1*34·3Lancaster*26·5†14·9
Cambridge*19·1* 1·5Hereford*25·0†49·2
Somerset*16·2* 6·0Sussex*22·1† 1·5
Kent*11·8*19·4Northumb.*17·6† 8·9
Middlesex* 2·9*40·3York*11·8† 6·0
Cornwall**29·8Suffolk*10·3†26·8
Salop* 8·8†47·7
Berks* 8·8†17·9
Bedford* 2·9†14·9

⁂ The rule appears to be, that the crime of Rape is (in the majority of cases) the least where the number of Illegitimate Children is the greatest.

THE CRIME OF RAPE COMPARED WITH THE RELATIVE NUMBER OF FEMALES TO MALES IN EACH COUNTY.

Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Females are both above the Average.Percentage above and below the Average.
† denotes above.
*    „    below.		Counties in which the Number of Rapes is above and the Number of Females below the Average.Percentage above and below the Average.
† denotes above.
*    „    below.
In Number of Rapes.In No. of Females to Males.In Number of Rapes.In No. of Females to Males.
Norfolk†36·8†1·0Monmouth†145·6*12·4
Gloucester† 1·5†6·7Bucks†129·4* 1·9
Hertford†110·3* 2·9
Stafford†105·9* 7·6
Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Females are both below the Average.Durham† 86·8* 5·7
Nottingham*58·8*1·0Chester† 85·3*
North Wales*55·9*2·9Essex† 85·3* 4·8
Lincoln*50·0*5·7Worcester† 44·1* 1·0
South Wales*48·5*2·9Wilts† 39·7* 1·9
Cumberland*45·6*1·9Oxford† 32·4* 5·7
Warwick*36·8*1·0Rutland† 23·5* 6·7
Derby*29·4*3·3Southampton† 13·2* 3·8
Lancaster*26·5*Northampton† 7·4* 3·8
Hereford*25·0*5·7Leicester† 2·9* 1·0
Hunts*23·5*3·8Westmorland† 2·9* 3·8
Sussex*22·1*1·9
Cambridge*19·1*3·8
Northumb.*17·6*1·9Counties in which the Number of Rapes is below and the Number of Females above the Average.
York*11·8*2·9Devon*27·9† 5·7
Kent*11·8*3·8Dorset*23·5† 1·9
Suffolk*10·3*1·9Surrey*19·1† 5·7
Salop* 8·8*3·8Somerset*16·2† 5·7
Berks* 8·8*3·8Middlesex* 2·9† 8·6
Bedford* 2·9† 2·9
Cornwall*† 1·9

⁂ The rule appears to be, that the number of Rapes is the greatest in those counties where the number of Females is the least.