The Project Gutenberg eBook of After Life in Roman Paganism, by Franz Cumont

1. Plut., Pericl., 8.

2. Pensées, III, 194 (t. II, p. 103, ed. Brunschvigg).

3. See Lecture I, “Life in the Tomb.”

4. See Lecture II, “The Nether World.”

5. See Lecture II, p. 73.

6. Plautus, Capt., V, 4, 1.

7. Polyb., VI, 56, 12.

8. Diels, Fragm. Vorsokratiker³, II, p. 121, fr. 297.

9. Homer, Il., Ψ, 100; Plato, Phaed., 77 D; cf. Rohde, Psyche, II⁴, p. 264, n. 2.

10. III, 38:

“Et metus ille foras praeceps Acheruntis agendus

Funditus humanam qui vitam turbat ab imo.”

11. Sall., Cat., 51, 20.

12. Pliny, H. N., VII, 55, § 190.

13. Seneca, Troades, 382 ss.

14. Lucian, Alex., c. 61; c. 47.

15. Lucian, ibid., c. 38; c. 44; c. 47.

16. Julian, Epist., 89 (p. 747, 23, ed. Bidez-Cumont).

17. Cousin, Bull. corr. hell., XVI, 1897; cf. Usener, Rhein. Mus., N. F., XLVII, p. 428.

18. CIL, XI, 856 = Bücheler, Carm. epigraphica, 191.

19. Dessau, Inscript. selectae, 8162 ss.; cf. Recueil des inscriptions du Pont, 110: “Non fui, fui, non sum, non curo.”

20. Recueil, 143.

21. Cf. Lecture VIII, p. 192.

22. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 646.

23. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1495 = CIL, VI, 26003:

“Nil sumus et fuimus. Mortales respice, lector,

In nihil ab nihilo quam cito recidimus.”

24. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1247 = CIL, VI, 7193:

“Quod superest homini requiescunt dulciter ossa,
Nec sum sollicitus ne subito esuriam.
Et podagram careo, nec sum pensionibus arra
Et gratis aeterno perfruor hospitio.”

25. Bücheler, op. cit., 1500.

26. I Cor. 15. 32.

27. Bücheler, op. cit., 187: “Quod comedi et ebibi tantum meum est.” Cf. ibid., 244: “Quod edi, bibi, mecum habeo, quod reliqui, perdidi.”

28. Bücheler, op. cit., 1499; Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8157:

“Balnea, vina, venus corrumpunt corpora nostra,

Sed vitam faciunt balnea, vina, venus.”

29. Bücheler, op. cit., 243: “Dum vixi, bibi libenter; bibite vos qui vivitis.”

30. Héron de Villefosse, Le trésor de Boscoreale, in Monuments Piot, V, Paris, 1899.

31. Epist., I, 4, 16.

32. Epict., Diss., I, 14, 6; II, 8, 11 (ἀπόσπασμα τοῦ θεοῦ).

33. Cf., e.g., Sen., Consol. Marc., end.

34. See Lecture IV, p. 115 s.

35. Cic., Tusc., I, 79.

36. Stob., Ecl., I, 384, Wachsmuth.

37. Sextus Empiricus, Adv. Math., IX, 71: Οὐδὲ τὰς ψυχὰς ἔνεστιν ὑπονοῆσαι κάτω φερομένας. Cf. Cic., Tusc., I, 16, 37; 17, 40.

38. Cf. Lecture II, p. 77.

39. Epictetus, III, 13, 15; cf. II, 6, 18.

40. Bonhöfer, Epictet. und die Stoa, 1890, p. 65.

41. Cf. Lecture III, p. 98.

42. Arch. Epigr. Mitt. aus Oesterreich, VI, 1882, p. 60; cf. Epictetus, l. c.

43. CIL, XIII, 8371, at Cologne.

44. CIL, III, 6384: “Corpus habent cineres, animam sacer abstulit aer.”

45. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8168; Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1532; cf. 974:

“Mortua heic ego sum et sum cinis, is cinis terrast,

Sein est terra dea, ego sum dea, mortua non sum.”

46. Tennyson, Crossing the Bar.

47. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1498:

“Evasi effugi; Spes et Fortuna valete;

Nil mihi vobiscum. Ludificate alios.”

Cf. Bücheler, 409, 9; 434; Anthol. Pal., IX, 49; 172; Vettius Valens, V, 9 (p. 219, 26, Kroll).

48. See my Oriental religions, p. 180; 276, n. 51 s.

49. See Lecture III, pp. 96, 107; VII, p. 176.

50. Callim., Epigr., 15, 3:

Ὠ Χαρίδα τί τὰ νέρθε;—Πολὺ σκότος—Αἱ δ’ ἄνοδοι τί;

Ψεῦδος—Ὁ δὲ Πλούτων;—Μῦθος—Ἀπωλόμεθα

51. Cat., V, 4:

“Soles occidere et redire possunt;
Nobis quum semel occidit brevis lux,
Nox est perpetua una dormienda.”

52. Cf. Lecture II, p. 83, and VII, p. 181.

53. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 180, 1147, 1190, 1339, etc.

54. Plato, Apol., 40c–41c.

55. Cic., Parad. Stoic., II, 18: “Mors est terribilis iis quorum cum vita omnia exstinguntur, non iis quorum laus emori non potest.”

56. Cic., Pro Archia, 11, 26; cf. Tusc., I, 15, 34.

57. Diog. Laert., X, 16 = fragm. 217 Usener; cf. Plin., H. N., XXXV, 5.

58. Furtwängler, Die antiken Gemmen, III, 1900, 257 ss.

59. See Lecture III, p. 97.

60. Ovid, Metam., XV, 60 ss.

61. Rohde, Der Griech. Roman², p. 270 s.

62. Sen., Quaest. nat., VII, 32, 2.

63. See Lecture IV, p. 121.

64. Revue archéologique, 1918, VIII, p. 52 ss.

65. Plato, Republ., VII, p. 514.

66. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 209 ss.

67. See Lecture VI, p. 167; cf. III, p. 103.

68. See Lecture II, p. 81.

69. See, for all this, Lecture III, p. 96 s.; cf. VIII, p. 195.

70. See Lecture VIII, p. 212.

71. See Lecture I, p. 66.

72. See Lecture V, p. 133.

73. See Lecture III, pp. 73, 81; VII, p. 181 s.

74. Cf. Cic., Tusc., I, 11, 24.

75. See Lecture VI, p. 151.

76. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 434.

77. Cf. my Astrology and Religion, 1912, p. 83 ss.

78. See above, p. 13.

79. See Lecture III, p. 98.

80. See below, Lecture III, p. 100 ss.

81. Pascal, Pensées, III, 206 (t. II, p. 127, Brunschvigg): “Le silence éternel de ces espaces infinis m’effraie.”

82. See Lecture III, p. 98; VI, p. 161 s.; VII, p. 184.

83. See Lecture IV, p. 127; VIII, p. 210.

84. Manilius, II, 115.

85. See above, p. 22.

86. Lehrs, Populäre Aufsätze aus dem Altertum, 1875, p. 349 ss.; Fowler, Religious Experience of the Roman People, p. 382 ss.

87. Cf. my Oriental religions in Roman paganism, Chicago, 1911, p. 39 ss.

88. See Lecture IV, p. 118 ss.

89. See Lecture II, p. 76; VII, p. 171.

90. See Lecture IV, p. 120; VIII, p. 204.

91. .sp 1

“Alimenta vitae tribuis perpetua fide,
Et cum recesserit anima in te refugiemus,
Ita, quicquid tribuis, in te cuncta recidunt.”
(Anthol. Lat., ed. Riese, I, p. 27.)

92. See Lecture IV, p. 122.

93. See Lecture VIII, p. 202.

94. See Lecture III, p. 96 ss.

95. See Lecture II, p. 79.

96. Enn., IV, 7.

97. See Lecture III, p. 106; VI, p. 169.

98. See Lecture VII, p. 184 ss.

99. See Lecture IV, p. 108; VIII, p. 212.

100. See Lecture II, p. 90; IV, p. 109; VIII, p. 196 ss., 206.

101. Cic., Tusc., I, 12, §27.

102. Lucretius, III, 890 ss.

103. Servius, Aen., III, 68.

104. Servius, ibid.

105. Propertius, IV, 5, 3: “Nec sedeant cineri Manes.” Cf. Lucan, IX, 2.

106. Pliny, H. N., XVI, 44, §234; cf. Livy, XXXVIII, 53.

107. Cf. my Oriental religions, p. 240.

108. CIL, I, 1108: “Domum aeternam ubi aevum degerent.”

109. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1555: “Haec certa est domus, haec est colenda nobis.”

110. Virg., Aen., III, 67: “Animam sepulcro condimus.” Cf. Pliny, Epist., III, 27, 12: “Rite conditis Manibus.”

111. See above, Introd., p. 10; Lecture VIII, p. 192.

112. Petronius, 71: “Valde enim falsum vivo quidem domos cultas esse, non curari eam ubi diutius nobis habitandum est.”

113. Lucian, Philopseudes, 27; cf. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8379, l. 50 ss.

114. Kaibel, Epigr. Graeca, 646 = Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8156; cf. Lucian, De luctu, 19.

115. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 838 = Dessau, op. cit., 8204.

116. Sueton., Aug., 15.

117. Cf. p. 52, n. 20, and Lecture IV, p. 118.

118. Servius, Aen., III, 67.

119. Cf. Comptes rendus Acad. des Inscr., 1918, p. 284 s.

120. Servius, Aen., V, 79: “Ad sanguinis imitationem, in quo est sedes animae.” Cf. II, 532.

121. See above, Introd., p. 35, and Lecture VIII, p. 204.

GREEK WORDS