122. CIL, XI, 132 = Dessau, 7235.

123. CIL, XIV, 3323 = Dessau, 8090: “Hoc peto aego a bobis unibersis sodalibus ut sene bile refrigeretis.”

124. CIL, VI, 26554 = Dessau, 8139.

125. Dessau, 8379.

126. Lucian, De luctu, 37.

127. Dessau, 8154 = CIL, XII, 5102 = Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 788:

“[Eo] cupidius perpoto in monumento meo,
Quod dormiendum et permanendum heic est mihi.”

128. De testim. animae, 4.

129. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 203 s.

130. Augustine, De mor. eccles., 34: “Qui luxuriosissime super mortuos bibant et epulas cadaveribus exhibentes super sepultos se ipsos sepeliant et voracitates ebrietatesque suas deputent religioni.”

131. Constitutiones Apostol., VIII, 42.

132. Dessau, 8375: “Colant spiritum meum.”

133. Cf. Petronius, 71: “Omne genus poma volo sint circa cineres meos et vinearum largiter”; Dessau, 8342 ss.; below, Lecture VIII, p. 200.

134. Varro, Lingu. Lat., VI, 49 (45).

135. Arch. Epigr. Mitt. aus Oesterreich, X, 1886, p. 64.

136. Dessau, 6746.

137. Ibid., 8130.

138. Ibid., 1967; cf. 8139.

139. Diog. Laert., VIII, 32; cf. Servius, Aen., III, 63; Lecture VI, p. 160.

140. Virg., Aen., IV, 685.

141. See Lecture VI, p. 157.

142. Cf. Porph., De abstin., II, 37.

143. Servius, Georg., I, 277; cf. Dessau, 8006.

144. CIL, VIII, 2803a: “Donata, pia, iusta, vale, serva tuos omnes.”

145. Margaret Waites, American journ. of archaeol., 1920, 242 ss.

146. Maxim. Tyr., Diss., IX (XV), 6.

147. Plotinus, Enn., IV, 7, 20.

148. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8006. “Manus mala” means probably a murder produced by witchcraft; cf. ibid., 8522; Lecture V, p. 135.

149. CIL, II, 4427: “Lacrimae si prosunt, visis te ostende videri.”

150. Lucian, Philopseudes, 29.

151. Dio Cassius, LXXIX, 18.

152. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 8201a: “Tu qui legis et dubitas Manes esse, sponsione facta invoca nos et intelleges.”

153. Ovid, Fast., II, 546.

154. CIL, I, 818 = VI, 10407e = Dessau, 8749: “Mortuus nec ad deos nec ad homines acceptus est.” Cf. CIL, X, 8249.

155. CIL, VI, 12072: “Parce matrem tuam et patrem et sororem tuam Marinam, ut possint tibi facere post me sollemnia.”

156. Audollent, Defixionum tabellae, 1904.

157. See below, Lecture V, pp. 143, 145.

158. Plato, Republ., X, 615 A B; cf. Norden, Aeneis Buch VI, p. 10.

159. See Lecture V, p. 134.

160. Virg., Aen., VI, 325 ss: “Inops inhumataque turba.... Centum errant annos volitantque haec litora circum.”

161. Dessau, Inscr. sel., 7213 = CIL, XIV, 2112, II, 4.

162. Sueton., Calig., 59; cf. Plautus, Mostell., III, 2.

163. Pliny, Epist., VII, 27; Lucian, Philopseudes, 31.

164. Audollent, Defixionum tabellae, 27, l. 18; cf. 22 ss.

165. See Lecture V, p. 135.

166. Heliodorus, Aeth., VI, 15.

167. See Lecture VIII, p. 193.

168. Leblant, Épigraphie chrétienne de la Gaule, 1890, 52 ss.

169. Lawson, Modern Greek folk-lore, 1910, p. 403.

170. Lucian, De luctu, 9.

171. Piganiol, Revue d’histoire et de litt. religieuses, VI, 1920, p. 335 ss.

172. Cf. Lucian, De luctu, 14.

173. Cf. Dessau, 8379.

174. Aen., VI, 653 ss.

175. Ovid, Metam., IV, 443 ss.

176. Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 1186:

“Sed in secessum numinis infernae domus
Oficiosus tandem ministerio laetatur suo.”

177. See below, Lecture VI, p. 148.

178. Monumenti Antichi, XXIV, 1917, pp. 5–116.

179. See below, Lecture VII, p. 172 s.

180. Furtwängler, Archiv für Religionswissenschaft, VIII, 1905, p. 191 ss.

181. See Lecture I, p. 66.

182. See Lecture VI, p. 151.

183. See below, Lecture VII, p. 172 ss.

184. See Introd., p. 6.

185. See Introd., p. 29.

186. Mullach, Fragm. phil. Graec., II, p. 33.

187. Tim. Locr., De anim. mundi, 17, p. 104 D; cf. Schmekel, Mittlere Stoa, 1892, p. 435.

188. Cf. Lecture VII, p. 178 ss.

189. Cf. on this doctrine Revue de philologie, XLIV, 1920, p. 230 ss.

190. Cf. Lecture VII, p. 181.

191. See Lecture VI, p. 167.

192. Cf. Rev. philol., l. c., p. 237 ss.

193. On this doctrine see Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions, 1920, p. 272 ss.

194. Cf. Lecture VI, p. 155.

195. See Lecture VII, p. 185; cf. VI, p. 161 s.

196. See Introd., p. 38 s.

197. Cic., Tusc., I, 21, 48; cf. I, 6, 10; Nat. deor., II, 2, 5.

198. Sen., Epist., 24, 18.

199. Juvenal, Sat., II, 149 ss.

200. Pliny, H. N., II, 63, §158.

201. Plutarch, Non posse suaviter vivi sec. Epic., 27, p. 1105.

202. Cf. Lucian, De luctu, 10.

203. Bücheler, 1109, v. 19–24:

“Non ego Tartareas penetrabo tristis ad undas,
Non Acheronteis transvehar umbra vadis,
Non ego caeruleam remo pulsabo carinam,
Nec te terribilem fronte timebo Charon,
Nec Minos mihi iura dabit grandaevus et atris
Non errabo locis nec cohibebor aquis.”

204. See, for instance, Jahresh. Instit. Wien, XVII, 1914, p. 133 ss.; or Hermes, XXXVII, 1902, p. 121 ss.

205. Cf. Jahn, Darstellungen der Unterwelt auf Sarkophagen, in Ber. Gesellschaft Wiss. Leipsig, 1856, p. 267 ss.; Reinach, Répertoire des reliefs, III, 391; Berger, Revue archéol., 3e serie, XXVI, 1895, p. 71 ss.

206. Sueton., Tiberius, 75, 1: “Terram matrem deosque Manes orarent, ne mortuo sedem ullam nisi inter impios darent.”

207. Heliodorus, Aeth., VIII, 9, p. 231, 10, Bekker.

208. Jahresh. Instit. Wien, XVIII, 1915, Beiblatt., p. 45.

209. Plutarch, Non posse suaviter vivi sec. Epic., 27, p. 1105.

210. Porph., Sent., 29 (p. 13, Mommert).

211. Proclus, In Remp. Plat., II, p. 126, 10 ss., Kroll.

212. Proclus, ibid., II, p. 131, 20 ss.

213. Proclus, In Remp. Plat., I, 121, 23 ss., Kroll.

214. Orig., Contra Celsum, VIII, 48 s.

215. See Lecture IV, p. 113 ss.

216. Porph., De abstin., 38 ss.; cf. Bousset, Archiv für Religionswiss., XVIII, 1915, p. 134 ss., and Andres in Realencycl., Supplementband, III, 315.

217. Cf. Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions, 1918, p. 278 ss.

218. Pliny, H. N., II, 8, § 28.

219. Eusebius Alex., in Patr. Graeca, LXXXVI, 1, p. 453.

220. Cat. codd. astrol. Graec, V, pars. 1, p. 196 ss.

221. See below, Lecture VI, p. 357.

222. Flinders Petrie, Athribis, London, 1908 (52 A. D.).

223. Cf. below, Lecture VI, p. 154.

224. Toutain, Revue des études anciennes, XIII, 1911, p. 166 ss.; cf. ibid., p. 379 s.

225. See below, p. 104, and Lecture VI, p. 153.

226. E. Pfeiffer, Studien zum antiken Sternglauben, 1916, p. 113 ss.

227. Pausanias, IV, 32, 4.

228. Aristophanes, Peace, 832 ss.

229. See below, Lecture IV, p. 111; cf. Introd., p. 24.

230. Pliny, H. N., II, 26, § 95.

231. Jamblich., Vit. Pyth., XVIII, 82 = Diels, Vorsokratiker, I3, p. 358, 18; cf. Plut., De genio Socr., 22, p. 590 C; Hierocles, In Aur. carm., end.

232. Lucian, Verae hist., I, 10 ss.

233. Castor, fragm. 24 and 25, Müller.

234. See Introd., p. 29, and Lecture VI, p. 162.

235. Julian, Caes., p. 307 c.

236. Plato, Rep., VII, p. 514.

237. Reproduced in my Études syriennes, 1917, p. 87; cf. below, p. 139.

238. Wiegand, in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1908. Bericht, VI, p. 46:

Στὰς πρόσθε τύμβον δέρκε τὴν ἄνυμφον
κόρην Διογνήτοιο νηπίην Χοροῦν,
ἥν θῆκεν Ἅιδης ἐν κύκλοισιν ἑβδόμοις....

239. See La théologie solaire du paganisme romain in Mém. sav. étrangers Acad. Inscr., XII, 1909, p. 449 ss.

240. Cf. Introd., p. 28.

241. See below, Lecture VI, p. 160.

242. CIL, VI, 29954; see below, Lecture VI, p. 157 ss.

243. Commodian, VIII, 10: “Sacerdotes ... numina qui dicunt aliquid morituro prodesse.”

244. See Introd., p. 24 s.; cf. below, Lecture VI, p. 167.

245. Lydus, De mensib., IV, 149 (p. 167, 25, Wünsch.).

246. Lucan, Phars., I, 45; Statius, Theb., I, 27; cf. my Études syriennes, 1917, p. 97 s.

247. Diog. Laert., VIII, 31.

248. Ovid, Metam., XV, 840 ss.; cf. 749.

249. Cassius, Dio, LXIX, 11, 4.

250. Cic., Tusc., I, 12, 28: “Totum prope caelum nonne humano generi completum est?”

251. Revue de philologie, XXXIII, 1909, p. 6 = IG, XII, 7, 123.

252. Revue de phil., ibid.; cf. Lecture V, p. 139.

253. II Cor. 12, 2.

254. Porph., Sent., 292 (p. 14, Mommert); Proclus, In Remp., I, p. 152, 17, Kroll; In Tim., III, p. 234, 25, Diehl.

255. Cf. my Mysteries of Mithras, Chicago, 1903, p. 145; below, Lecture VI, p. 169; VII, p. 187.

256. Origen, Contra Celsum, VI, 21; cf. Monum. mystères de Mithra, I, p. 118.

257. Apuleius, De dogm. Plat., I, 11.

258. Archiv für Religionsw., IX, 1906, p. 323 ss.

259. See, e.g., Plotin., III, 4, 6; cf. Lecture VIII, p. 213.

260. See above, Introd., pp. 6, 41.

261. Ibid., p. 7.

262. See above, Lecture III, p. 96.

263. Link, De vocis “Sanctus” usu pagano, Königsberg, 1910.

264. Cic., De natura deor., II, 66, § 167.

265. Manilius, I, 41; cf. Boll, Aus der Offenbarung Iohannis, 1914, p. 136 ss.

266. Pseudo-Ecphant. ap Stob., Anth., IV, 7, 64 (IV, p. 272 ss., Wachsmuth); Hermes Trism. ap. Stob., Ecl., I, 49, 45 (I, p. 407, W).

267. See below, Lecture VI, p. 156 ss.

268. Cic., Nat. deorum, II, 66, § 165.

269. Somn. Scipionis, 3; cf. Pro Sestio, 68, § 143.

270. Hermes Trismeg. ap. Stob., Ecl., I, 49, 69 (I, p. 466, Wachsmuth).

271. Maurice Muret, Les contemporains étrangers, Paris, I, p. 30.

272. See my Études syriennes, p. 63 ss.

273. CIL, VI, 1779 = Bücheler, Carm. epigr., 111, 23: “(Me) sorte mortis eximens in templa ducis....”

274. Pseudo-Lysis ap. Jamblich., Vit. Pyth., 17, § 77.

275. See Introd., p. 29; Lecture VII, p. 184 s.

276. Cf. Lecture I, p. 51.

277. CIL, VI, 510 = Dessau, 4152.

278. Servius, Aen., VI, 741.

279. See Introd., p. 35; cf. Lecture VIII, p. 204.

280. Porph., De abstin., II, 48.

281. Cf. Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions, 1917, p. 281 ss.

282. See above, Introd., p. 37.

283. Hermes Trismeg., Poimandres, I, 26: Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἀγαθὸν τέλος τοῖς γνῶσιν ἐσχηκόσι θεωθῆναι.

284. See below, Lecture VIII, 207.

285. Apuleius, Metam., XI, 24: “Inexplicabili voluptate divini simulacri perfruebar.”

286. See Oriental religions, p. 100, and below, Lecture VIII, p. 210 ss.

287. Papyr. of London, CXXII, 1 ss.; cf. Reitzenstein, Poimandres, p. 20.

288. Riewald, De imperatorum Romanorum cum certis dis aequatione, Halle, 1912.

289. Cf. Gillis Wetter, Die “Verherrlichung,” in Beiträge zur Relig.-Wissenschaft, II, 1914.

290. See below, Lecture VI, p. 158.

291. See below, Lecture VIII, p. 212.

292. Porph., De Abstin., II, 49.

293. See below, Lecture VIII, pp. 201, 207, 211.

294. See my Mysticisme astral dans l’antiquité in Bulletins de l’Acad. de Belgique, 1909, p. 264 ss.