Conchæ Marinæ. Four Genera.
1. Cyprina. Pl. VII.
Animal. Thick, oval, foot compressed, falciform, geniculated
mantle closed behind, and pierced by two oval apertures with
cirrous edges: no veritable tubes.
Shell. With epidermis; thick, regular, substriated longitudinally,
sub-cordiform, equivalved, inequilateral; summits strongly
flexed to the front and often contiguous; hinge thick, subsimilar,
formed by three slightly converging cardinal teeth, and by a posterior
lateral tooth, sometimes obsolete; ligament very thick; muscular
impressions distant, subcircular, and united by a narrow
marginal band. Inhabits the Atlantic Ocean and British seas.
Two living species. Seven fossil.
- Cyprina tennistria.
- C. Icelandica.
2. Genus Cytherea. Pl. VII.
Animal. Oval or round, generally but little compressed; edges
of the mantle undulous, and garnished with tentacular cirri in
one row; foot considerable, compressed, trenchant, in other respects
diversiform; tubes tolerably elongated, and most usually
united; mouth small; labial appendages quite small; branchiæ
wide, short, free, or not united either with one another or with
those of the opposite side.
Shell. Solid, equivalve, regular, inequilateral; summits equal,
reflexed, and slightly projecting; four primary teeth on one valve,
of which three are divergent, and approximating at the base, and
one remote—this circumstance easily distinguishing it from the
Venus. On the other valve are three primary divergent teeth
with a distant cavity parallel with the edge. Inhabits the British,
Mediterranean, and American seas. Eighty-three living species.
Nine fossil.
- Cytherea petechialis.
- C. morphina.
- C. Castanea.
- C. casta.
- C. lusoria.
- C. graphica.
- C. impudica.
- C. purpurata.
- C. zonaria.
- C. tigrina.
- C. pulicaris.
- C. numulina.
- C. abbreviata.
- C. pectinata.
- C. flexuosa.
- C. ranella.
- C. lunularis.
- C. divaricata.
- C. corbicula.
- C. meretrix.
- C. tripla.
- C. erycina.
- C. impar.
- C. Guiniensis.
- C. pectoralis.
- C. Arabica.
- C. Florida.
- C. immaculata.
- C. Chione.
- C. hepatica.
- C. citrina.
- C. lactea.
- C. lata.
- C. lincta.
- C. trigonella.
- C. prostrata.
- C. Hebræa.
- C. tigerina.
- C. ornata.
- C. umbonella.
- C. castrensis.
- C. picta.
- C. scripta.
- C. mixta.
- C. muscaria.
- C. plicatina.
- C. dentaria.
- C. nodulosa.
- C. cuneata.
- C. lunaris.
- C. placunella.
- C. cygnus.
- C. juvenilis.
- C. gigantea.
- C. Venetiana.
- C. lilacina.
- C. rufa.
- C. erycinella.
- C. Dione.
- C. planatella.
- C. trimaculata.
- C. nitidula.
- C. pellucida.
- C. maculata.
- C. lucinalis.
- C. albina.
- C. exoleta.
- C. mactroides.
- C. concentrica.
- C. sulcatina.
- C. interrupta.
- C. punctata.
- C. undatina.
- C. gibbia.
- C. macrodon.
- C. testudinalis.
- C. rugifera.
- C. aspergata.
- C. squamosa.
- C. cardilla.
- · · · · ·
- C. occulta.*
- C. callosa.*
- C. crassatelloides.*
3. Genus Venus. Pl. VII.
Animal. As above.
Shell. Solid, thick, regular, perfectly equivalved and close,
more or less inequilateral; summits well marked and inclined to
the front; hinge subsimilar; the middle cardinal tooth forked, or
three cardinal teeth more or less contiguous and convergent towards
the summits; ligament thick, often arcuated, convex, exterior; two
distant muscular impressions; cordiform depressions beneath the
beaks. Inhabits the British and American seas. One hundred
living species. Nine fossil.
- Venus reticulata.
- V. rugosa.
- V. corbis.
- V. crebiscula.
- V. discina.
- V. cancellata.
- V. marica.
- V. sulcaria.
- V. cardivides.
- V. texturata.
- V. elliptica.
- V. rariflamma.
- V. mercenaria.
- V. pullastra.
- V. gallina.
- V. truncata.
- V. pectinula.
- V. anomala.
- V. lamellata.
- V. exilis.
- V. rufa.
- V. Scotica.
- V. hiantina.
- V. virginea.
- V. corugata.
- V. ovulæa.
- V. papilionacea.
- V. callipyga.
- V. punctifera
- V. nebulosa
- V. literata
- Venus floridella.
- V. aphrodina.
- V. pulchella.
- V. aphrodinoides.
- V. tristis.
- V. flammea.
- V. puerpera.
- V. verrucosa.
- V. pygmæa.
- V. casina.
- V. crenulata.
- V. plicata.
- V. granulata.
- V. pectorina.
- V. cingulata.
- V. textilis.
- V. grisea.
- V. geographica.
- V. Dombeii.
- V. decussata.
- V. lagopus.
- V. glandina.
- V. gallinula.
- V. retifera.
- V. sulcata.
- V. galactites.
- V. exalbida.
- V. scalarina.
- V. dorsata.
- V. aurea.
- V. crassisulca.
- V. carneola.
- V. petalina.
- V. cornularis.
- V. adspersa.
- V. opima.
- V. turgida.
- V. flammiculata.
- V. strigosa.
- V. Perronii.
- V. elegantina.
- V. undulosa.
- V. vermiculosa.
- V. vulvina.
- V. marmorata.
- V. Malabarica.
- V. laterisulca.
- V. subrostrata.
- V. phaseolina.
- V. Florida.
- V. bicolor.
- V. catenifera.
- V. sinuosa.
- V. rimularis.
- V. ovata.
- V. pumila.
- V. inquinata.
- · · · · ·
- V. notata.*
- V. præparea.*
- V. elevata.*
- V. inequalis.*
- V. castanea.*
- V. Nuttallii*
- V. staminea.*
- V. Californica.*
- V. lamellifera.*
- V. Mortoni.*
4. Genus Venericardia. Pl. VII.
Animal. Nearly as above.
Shell. Suborbicular, inequilateral, equivalve, sides having
usually longitudinally rayed ribs; hinge with two oblique cardinal
teeth in each valve, turned in the same direction. Five living
species. Ten fossil species.
- Venericardia Australis.
- V. imbricata.
- V. flammea.
- V. Tankervillii.
- V. crassicosta.