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APPENDIX.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES.

I. THE JEWS UNDER THE PERSIANS.

PALESTINE.	B.C.	PERSIA.
Death of Nehemiah.	413
Jaddua, high-priest.	341
	334	Victory of Alexander on the Granicus.
	333	Battle of Issus.
Alexander visits Jerusalem.	332
	331	Battle of Arbela.
	323	Death of Alexander.

II. THE ERA OF THE PTOLEMIES AND SELEUCIDÆ.

PALESTINE.	B.C.	EGYPT.	B.C.	SYRIA.
		Ptolemy Soter.	323
Ptolemy Soter captures Jerusalem, plants colonies in Alexandria & Cyrene.	320
			312	Seleucus Nicator.
Simon the Just, high-priest.	300
Eleazar, high-priest.	291
		P. Philadelphus.	283
			280	Antiochus Soter.
			261	Antiochus Theos.
Onias II. high-priest.	250
		P. Euergetes I.	247
			246	Seleucus Callinicus.
			226	Seleucus Ceraunus.
			223	Antiochus Magnus.
		P. Philopator.	222
Ptolemy Philopator, prevented from entering the Holy of Holies, attempts to destroy the Jews in Alexandria.	216
		P. Epiphanes.	205
Antiochus Magnus obtains Palestine.	203
Scopas recovers Judæa.	199
Antiochus regains Judæa.	198
Onias III. high-priest.	195
			187	Seleucus Philopator.
		P. Philometor.	181
			175	Antiochus Epiphanes.
Antiochus Epiphanes takes Jerusalem.	170
Persecution of the Jews.	167
Rise of the Maccabees.	167
Battle of Emmaus, re-dedication of the Temple.	165
			164	Antiochus Eupator.
			162	Demetrius Soter.
Death of Judas Maccabæus.	161
			150	Alexander Balas.
		P. Physcon.	146	Demetrius Nicator (1st reign).
Jonathan Maccabæus murdered by Tryphon, and Accession of Simon.	144
First Year of the Freedom of Jerusalem.	143
Murder of Simon: John Hyrcanus succeeds him.	137		137	Antiochus Sidetes.
John Hyrcanus throws off the Syrian yoke, and destroys the Temple on Gerizim.	130
			128	Demetrius Nicator (2nd reign).
			125	Antiochus Grypus.
		P. Lathyrus.	116
			113	Antiochus Cyzicenus.
		P. Alexander and Cleopatra joint rulers.	107
Accession of Aristobulus.	106
Accession of Alexander Jannæus.	106
			95	Antiochus Eusebes and Philippus.
			83	Tigranes.
		P. Auletes.	80
Death of Jannæus; accession of his wife Alexandra.	79
Death of Alexandra, accession of Hyrcanus.	70
			69	Antiochus Asiaticus.
			65	Pompeius makes Syria a Roman province.
		P. Auletes driven from Egypt.	58
		Restored by Gabinius.	55
		Accession of P. Dionysus and Cleopatra.	51

III. RISE OF THE HERODIAN FAMILY.

JUDÆA.	B.C.	ROME.
Conflict between Hyrcanus and Aristobulus—Pompeius takes Jerusalem.	63	Catiline’s conspiracy.
	60	First Triumvirate: Pompey, Cæsar, and Crassus.
Gabinius remodels the government.	57
Crassus plunders the Temple.	54	The Parthian War.
	53	Death of Crassus at the battle of Carrhæ.
	48	Battle of Pharsalia; death of Pompey.
Julius Cæsar appoints Antipater procurator of Judæa.	47	Julius Cæsar in Egypt.
	44	Death of Cæsar, March 15.
Death of Antipater.	43	Second Triumvirate—Octavius, Antonius, and Lepidus; death of Cicero.
Herod marries Mariamne.	42	Battle of Philippi.
The Parthians take Jerusalem: Herod flies to Rome.	40
Herod takes Jerusalem, and becomes king of Judæa.	37	Antonius captivated with Cleopatra.
Murder of Aristobulus.	35
Herod summoned before Antonius.	34
	33	War between Antonius and Octavius.
	31	Battle of Actium.
His kingdom increased by Octavius	30	Death of Antony and Cleopatra; Egypt becomes a Roman province.
Murder of Mariamne.	29	Temple of Janus shut.
	27	Octavius assumes the title of Augustus; division of the provinces (see p. 147, n.).
Plot to assassinate Herod—He rebuilds Samaria.	25
Foundations laid of Cæsarea.	21
Herod proposes to rebuild the Temple.	20	The standards taken from Crassus restored.
Erection begun.	18
Herod goes to Rome to bring back Alexander and Aristobulus.	15
Salome’s schemes against them.	14
Completion of Cæsarea.	10
Execution of Alexander and Aristobulus.	6	Tiberius retires to Rhodes.

IV. THE GOSPEL HISTORY.

PALESTINE.	B.C.	ROME.	B.C.	PREFECTS OF SYRIA.
Birth of John the Baptist.	5
The Nativity of Christ—Death of Herod.	4		4	Pub. Sulp. Quirinus 1st time (Lk. ii. 1).
Reign of Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Herod Philip (see pp. 144–146).	4
Disturbances at Jerusalem.	3
	A.D.		A.D.
		Tiberius adopted by Augustus as his son.	4
			5	Pub. Sulp. Quirinus (2nd time).
Archelaus banished to Vienne in Gaul. Judæa becomes a Roman province and is annexed to the prefecture of Syria. Coponius the first procurator.	6
The Census actually carried out (see above, p. 148). Rising of Judas the Gaulonite. Quirinus appoints Annas high-priest.	7
Visit of the Saviour to the Temple.	8
Marcus Ambivius, 2nd procurator.	10
Annius Rufus, 3rd procurator.	13
Valerius Gratus, 4th procurator.	14	Augustus dies at Nola. Accession of Tiberius.	14
Joseph Caiaphas appointed high-priest (see above, p. 149).	17	Death of Ovid.	17	M. Calpurnius Piso.
		Jews expelled from Italy.	19	Cn. Sentius Saturninus.
		Influence of Sejanus.	22	L. Pomponius Flaccus.
Pontius Pilate, 5th procurator.	26	Tiberius retires to Capreæ.	26
Riots at Jerusalem (see pp. 150, 151). The Preaching of John, and Baptism of Christ.	27	Herod Antipas in Italy, and there becomes acquainted with Herodias (see p. 168).	27
Herod Antipas marries Herodias. War breaks out with Aretas. Imprisonment of John the Baptist.	28
Death of the Baptist.	29
The Crucifixion of Christ.	30	Era of Seneca.

V. THE APOSTOLIC HISTORY.

PALESTINE.	A.D.	ROME.
The Pentecostal Effusion (May).	30	Banishment of Agrippina.
	31	Death of Sejanus.
Martyrdom of Stephen, Pilate deposed by Vitellius.	36
Dispersion of the Christians. Conversion of Saul, who spends 3 years in Damascus and Arabia.	37	Death of Tiberius, March 16, accession of Caligula.
Herod Agrippa appointed king of Trachonitis.	38	Birth of Nero. Caligula orders his Statue to be set up at Jerusalem.
Great disturbances at Jerusalem owing to Caligula’s order respecting his statue (see p. 393).	39
Herod Antipas banished with Herodias to Lyons in Gaul.	38
St Peter’s visitation of the Churches (see pp. 395, 396).	38
Conversion of Cornelius.	41	Death of Caligula, Jan. 24, accession of Claudius.
Spread of the Gospel to Antioch.	42
Herod Agrippa I. receives Judæa and Samaria in addition to the tetrarchies of Philip and Antipas, and the title of ‘king.’
Martyrdom of James.	44	Return of Claudius from Britain.
Death of Herod Agrippa at Cæsarea.	44
Cuspius Fadus appointed procurator of Judæa.	44
Saul and Barnabas sent to Jerusalem with contributions from Antioch.	44
Return to, and sojourn at, Antioch.	45–48
(i) First Missionary Journey of Saul and Barnabas to Cyprus, Perga, Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra, Derbe.	48, 49
Cumanus procurator of Judæa.	49
The Council at Jerusalem.	50	Birth of Domitian.
(ii) St Paul’s Second Missionary Journey: he visits
Lycaonia, Galatia, Troas.	51	Caractacus brought before Claudius.
Philippi, Thessalonica, Berœa, Athens, Corinth.	52
First Epistle to the Thessalonians.	52
At Corinth.	53
Second Epistle to the Thessalonians.	53
Felix procurator of Judæa. St Paul sails from Corinth. Fourth visit to Jerusalem.	54	Death of Claudius, accession of Nero.
(iii) St Paul’s Third Missionary Journey:
Second circuit of Galatia. Reaches Ephesus.	55	Britannicus poisoned.
At Ephesus.	56
First Epistle to the Corinthians (Spring).	57
Leaves Ephesus for Macedonia. Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Autumn).	57
At Corinth. Epistle to the Galatians. Epistle to the Romans. Return to Jerusalem.	58
(iv) St Paul arrested, and sent to Cæsarea.	59	Nero murders Agrippina.
Felix succeeded by Festus.	60
St Paul sent to Rome by Festus. Shipwrecked at Malta (Winter).	60	Agricola in Britain.
Reaches Rome.	61	Tacitus born.
Epistle to Philemon (Spring) Epistle to the Colossians. Epistle to the Ephesians. Epistle to the Philippians (Autumn).	62	Death of Burrhus. Nero marries Poppæa.
Albinus succeeds Festus.	63	Tigellinus, prætorian prefect.
Epistle to the Hebrews. (?)
(v) St Paul’s acquittal; journey to Philippi and Asia Minor.	63
Journey to Spain (?)	64	Great Fire at Rome. Persecution of the Christians.
Returns to Asia Minor (?)	66	Vespasian commands in Judæa.
Journey to Macedonia. First Epistle to Timothy.	67
Voyage to Crete with Titus. Epistle to Titus from Asia Minor (Autumn).
At Nicopolis (Winter). Second Imprisonment at Rome. Second Epistle to Timothy.	68
Martyrdom (May or June).	68	Death of Nero, June 9 or 11.

VI. THE HERODIAN FAMILY.
HEROD THE GREAT,
Son of Antipater, Procurator of Judæa,

married successively ten wives, of whom were	children	grand children	great grand children
Doris	Antipater
Mariamne I.	Alexander.
	Aristobulus.	Herod Agrippa I. Acts xii. 1.	Herod Agrippa II. Acts xxv. 13.
			Bernice. Acts xxv. 13.
			Drusilla. Acts xxiv. 24.
		Herod, king of Chalcis.
		Herodias. Mark vi. 17.
Mariamne II.	Herod Philip, disinherited by Herod; first husband of Herodias. Mark vi. 17.
Malthace.	Archelaus, Ethnarch of Judæa, Samaria, and Ituræa. Matt. ii. 22.
	Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee and Peræa; second husband of Herodias. Luke iii. Mark vi.
Cleopatra.	Philip, Tetrarch of Trachonitis and Idumæa.