326. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1826, iv. 183.

327. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 861.

328. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxi. 70.

329. Toxicologie Générale, i. 141.

330. Dr. O’Shaughnessey, in Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 632.

331. Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 21.

332. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 291.

333. Ibid. iv. 388.

334. Lancet, 1830–31, vol. i. 613.

335. Ibidem, 612.

336. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431.

337. Annali Universali di Med. 1833.

338. Essay on the Effects of Iodine, 1824, p. 20.

339. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 340.

340. Dessaigne in Journal de Chim. Médicale, iv. 65.

341. Moncourrier, Ibidem, iv. 216.

342. Formulaire pour les Nouveaux Médicaments, 1825, p. 161.

343. Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 23.

344. Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 27.

345. Gairdner on the Effects of Iodine, p. 9.

346. Journal Complémentaire, xviii. 126.

347. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvi. 111.

348. Gairdner, &c. p. 12.

349. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 291.

350. American Journal of Medical Science, viii. 546.

351. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 342.

352. Johnson’s Preface to his Translation of Coindet on Iodine, p. ix.

353. Gairdner, p. 20.

354. Coindet on Iodine, p. 17.

355. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, ii. 588.

356. Cogswell’s Essay, p. 42.

357. Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 635.

358. Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i. 74.

359. Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 638.

360. Archives Générales de Médecine, x. 255.

361. Lancet, 1831–32.

362. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 128.

363. London Medical Gazette, 1841.

364. Ibidem, 1839–40, i. 588.

365. This adulteration and its effects have been indicated by various chemists. For the best account, see Chevallier, sur les falsifications qu’on fait subir au sel marin, Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. viii. 250. At one time he found about a third of the salt in Paris thus sophisticated.

366. Cours de Médecine-Légale, 1840, iii. 183.

367. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 38.

368. Zeitschrift für Physiologie, ii.

369. Ibidem.

370. Lancet, 1830–31, i. 613.

371. Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 91.

372. De l’Action du Brôme et de ses combinaisons sur l’économie animale. Thèse Inaug. à Paris, 1828.

373. Hufeland’s Bibliothek der Praktischen Heilkunde, Sept. 1829; or Archives Gén. de Méd. xxiv. 289.

374. Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, xiv. 222.

375. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lviii. 120.

376. Bulletins de Thérapeutique, Février, 1830.

377. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 227.

378. Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 169.

379. Beiträge zur Kentniss der Wirkungen der Arzneimittel und Gifte. Horn’s Archiv. 1824, i. 59.

380. Medizinische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 256.

381. Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 160.

382. Beiträge, &c. Horn’s Archiv, 1824, i. 56.

383. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxiv. 215.

384. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 159.

385. See Trousseau and Blanc, Arch. Gén. de Méd. Sept. 1830.

386. London Courier, September 22, 1827.

387. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 116.

388. London Medical Repository, i. 382.

389. Lond. Med. Rep. iii. 382.

390. Dissertatio Inauguralis de Acidi Oxalici vi venenata, Edin. 1821.

391. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 163.

392. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, et seq.

393. Lancet, 1830–31, i. 96.

394. Mr. A. Taylor. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 120.

395. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 168.

396. Mr. Davies in Lancet, 1838–39, i. 30.

397. Lancet, 1830–31, i. 187.

398. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 190.

399. Bulletins de Pharmacie, vi. 87.

400. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 166.

401. Ibid. 169.

402. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. passim.

403. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, 219, 235, 254.

404. Toxicologie Gén., 1843, i. 187.

405. London Courier, Feb. 1, 1823.

406. St. James’s Chronicle, August 17, 1826.

407. London Medical Repository, xxii. 476.

408. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 606.

409. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490.

410. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 187.

411. London. Med. Gaz. i. 737.

412. Dr. Scott, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxiv. 67.

413. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490. The quantity could scarcely have been two ounces, 1, because a penny-worth, which was what the person bought, amounts only to two drachms, and 2, because it could not have been dissolved, as the patient said was done, in four ounces of water. The word ounces is probably a misprint for drachms.

414. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii, 353.

415. London Med. Repository, xi. 20.

416. Ibid. vi. 474.

417. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii. 353.

418. London Med. Repository, iii. 380.

419. Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 748.

420. London Medical Repository, xii. 18. London Medical Gazette, i. 737. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxiv. 67.

421. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 607.

422. London Medical Gazette, i. 737.

423. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 190.

424. Journal de Chim. Med. 1842, 211, and Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 195.

425. Annales d’Hyg. Publique, 1842, xxvii. 422.

426. Lond. Med. Gazette, 1840–41, i. 480.

427. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 185.

428. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 255.

429. Orfila, in Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 145.

430. Annales d’Hygiène, Publique, 1842, xxviii. 206.

431. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 197.

432. Toxicol. Gén. i. 164, 3me Edition.

433. Ibid. 166, and also Archives Gén. de Méd. xiii. 373.

434. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 335, lvi. 345, lvi. 123.

435. Annales d’Hyg. Publique, xxviii. 212.

436. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 341.

437. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 188.

438. Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, xxx. 310.

439. Toxicologia, p. 225.

440. London Med. Repository, vii. 118.

441. Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 167.

442. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxx. 310.

443. Surgical Observations, Part i. 82.

444. Toxic. Gén. i. 169.

445. Bulletin de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. 1836, i. 151.

446. Journal de Pharmacie, ix. 355, or Med. Repos. xx. 441.

447. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 417.

448. Toxic. Gén. i. 193.

449. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 334, liv. 346.

450. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 415.

451. Experimental Essays, p. 113.

452. Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 22.

453. Tartra sur l’empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, 136.

454. London Med. Repository, xxiii. 523.

455. Experimental Essays, pp. 114, 115.

456. Souville in Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 19.

457. Laflize in Journ. de Méd. lxxi. 401.

458. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, 130.

459. Alexander, Experimental Essays, p. 109.

460. Memoirs of London Med. Society, iii. 527.

461. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xiv. 34.

462. Annali Univers. di Medicina, 1836, iii. 333.

463. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lvii. i. 124.

464. Journal de Physiologie, iii. 243.

465. Toxicol. Gén. i. 174.

466. Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, s. 252.7

467. Timæi Casus Medicinales, lvii. c. 12.

468. Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 220.

469. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 336, lvi. 422, liii. 38.

470. Toxicol. ut supra.

471. Plenck, Toxicologia, 226.

472. Essay on Fevers, p. 308.

473. Bulletins de la Soc. de Méd. 1815, No. viii. T. iv. 352.

474. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xiv. 642.

475. Revue Médicale, xvii. 265.

476. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 499.

477. London Medical Gazette, 1837, xxi. 529.

478. Orfila, Toxicol Gén. i. 229.

479. De salis ammoniaci, vi, &c. Heidelberg, 1826. Analysed in Revue Med. 1827, i. 284.

480. Orfila, i. 228.

481. Orfila, Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431.

482. Toxic. Gén. i. 177.

483. Annales, ut supra.

484. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 269. Two from an Essay by M. Chantourelle, read before the Acad. de Médecine,; and one from M. Lafranque in Ann. de la Méd. Physiolog. Février, 1825.

485. Journ. Universel, xviii. 265.

486. See Poisonous Gases.

487. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 656.

488. It appears that arsenic does not always undergo this change. Berzelius once kept some fragments in an open phial for three years without observing any change in appearance or weight. [Annales de Chimie et de Physique, xi. 240.] Buchner once made a similar observation, and is inclined to think that oxidation does not occur, if the metal is quite pure. [Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxi. 29.]

489. American Journ. of Med. Science, x. 122.

490. Hahnemann, Uber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 13.

491. Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 292.

492. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

493. As far back at least as the time of Zacchias. See his Quæstiones Medico-legales, iii. 37, 11.

494. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1827, xxviii. 96.

495. Consult among others, Taylor’s Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 135.

496. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 376.

497. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, v. 66.

498. Mr. Blandy, for example, who said he “perceived an extraordinary grittiness in his mouth, attended with a very painful pricking and burning pain in his tongue, throat, stomach, and bowels.” [Howell’s State Trials, xviii. 1135.]

499. American Journal of Medical Science, x. 122.

500. Schweigger’s Journal der Chemie. vi. 232.

501. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

502. London Philosophical Journal, 1837, ii. 482.

503. Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 10.

504. Contrepoisons de l’Arsenic du sublimé corrosif, &c. i. 20.

505. Neues Nordisches Archiv. i.

506. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

507. Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 223.

508. Lectures on Chemistry, ii. 430.

509. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 82, and Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 293.

510. Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 251.

511. Donovan in Dublin Phil. Journal, ii. 402.

512. Ibid.

513. American Journal of Medical Science, x. 126.

514. Annales d’Hyg. Pub. et de Med. Lég. xi. 224.

515. The only probable source of such impregnation is pyritic sulphur, which is frequently used abroad, and has of late been occasionally employed in this country, for making sulphuric acid. As pyrites commonly contains arsenic, the acid becomes adulterated with oxide of arsenic, and may communicate the same impregnation to various other reagents which are prepared by means of sulphuric acid. The oxide may easily be detected in that acid by a stream of hydrosulphuric acid gas, after moderate dilution with water; for pure acid is rendered milky; but an arsenical acid yields a yellow precipitate of sulphuret of arsenic.

516. Journal de Chim. Méd. viii. 449.

517. Reinsch, in Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lvi. 183.

518. This has been occasionally observed by Chevallier [Journal de Chim. Méd. 1840, 434], and once by M. Roturier [Ibidem, 627]. The former met with a medico-legal case where from this circumstance an erroneous opinion was at first formed in favour of poisoning.

519. London Med. Chirurgical Transactions, iii. 342.

520. See a paper by myself in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 60, where the fallacies to which the liquid tests are liable are investigated at great length.