521. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1827, i. 230.

522. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 74.

523. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1824.

524. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 1836, xxi. 229.

525. Mr. L. Thomson in Lond. Phil. Journal, 1837, i. 353.—Orfila, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 212.—Bischoff, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 411.—Mr. H. H. Watson, Manchester Memoirs, vi. 603.—Pettenkoffer, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 289.—Berzelius, and a Committee of the French Institute, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393.—Flandin and Danger, Ibidem, 1841, 435.—Malapert, Ibidem, 1841, 295.—Lassaigne, Ibidem, 1840, 638,—Mr. Ellis, Lancet, 1843.—A paper of my own, Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Med. Science, iii. 257.

526. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393. Rapport de l’Institut.

527. Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical Science, 1843, iii. 257.

528. Journal für Praktischen Chemie, 1842, xxiv. 242.

529. See Edinburgh Monthly Journ. of Med. Science, 1843, iii. 774.

530. Annalen der Chimie und Pharmacie, 1844, xlix. 291.

531. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 1824, xxii. 78.

532. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, xlix. 308.

533. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 413.

534. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1844, Mär 3, xlix. 308.

535. London Medical Gazette, 1840–41, i. 723.

536. Annales de Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii. 404.

537. Ibidem, p. 418.

538. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 452.

539. Ibidem, 1841, 534.

540. Ibidem, 1842, 650.

541. London Philosophical Journal, 1842, ii. 403.

542. Wohler, Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, 96.

543. Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 1073.

544. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 645, and 1841, 242.

545. Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1839, 346.

546. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii.

547. Ibidem, 404.

548. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223.

549. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 107.

550. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 163.

551. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 17, 421, 431.

552. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxii. 450.

553. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223.

554. Ibidem, 1840, 690.

555. Annales, &c. ut supra.

556. Revue Médicale. 1827, i. 365.

557. Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

558. January, 1819.

559. Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Med. Légale, xii. 393.

560. Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, pp. 14, 45.

561. Journal de Pharmacie, xiii. 207.

562. Journal de Chim. Med. ii. 113.

563. Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Association, iii. 465.

564. See subsequently Morbid Appearances.

565. Dublin Journal of the Med. Sciences, xx. 422.

566. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271.

567. Buchner’s Toxicologie, 476.

568. Treatise on Poisons, third edition, pp. 270, 271.

569. Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 426.

570. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 690.

571. Gazette Médicale, 1839, No. 20.

572. In a rabbit killed by arsenic applied to a wound Sir B. Brodie found the heart contracting feebly after death; and in a dog there were tremulous contractions incapable of supporting circulation. Sproegel found the peristaltic motion of the intestines and gullet vigorous in a dog an hour after death. [Diss. Inaug. in Halleri Disput. Med. Prac. vi. Exp. 31] Orfila in some experiments found the heart apparently inflamed and its irritability destroyed. [Arch. Gén. de Med. i. 147.]

573. Haller’s Disput. Med. Pract. vi. Exp. 35.

574. Diss. Inaug. Tubing. 1808. De effectibus Arsenici in var. organismos.

575. Phil. Trans. cii. 211.

576. Jaeger, p. 28.

577. Halleri Disput., &c., Exp. 36.

578. Renault sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 42.

579. Ibidem, 45.

580. Journal de Chim. Méd. ii. 153.

581. Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102.

582. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 57.

583. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 48.

584. Nov. Bibliothèque Méd. 1827, ii 59.

585. Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102

586. For the references to these cases, see p. 227.

587. Ueber Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 53–4.

588. Journal Complémentaire, i. 107.

589. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67.

590. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 29.

591. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1837, xvi. 336, 345.

592. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 492.

593. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 257. From Alberti, Jurisp. Med. v. 619, cas. 24.

594. Bulletins de l’Académie Roy. de Médecine, 1841, v. 145.

595. Valentini Pandectæ Med.-legales, 1. iii. c. 24.

596. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 62.

597. Foderé, in Journal Complémentaire, i. 107, from Bertrand, Manuel Medico-legal des Poisons, p. 185.

598. Toxicologie Gén. i. 429.

599. American Journal of Med. Science, xi. 61.

600. Mr. Hume, London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvi. 467.

601. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 94.

602. Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

603. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298.

604. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix 117.

605. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 338.

606. Pandectæ Medico-legales, P. i. s. iii. cas. xxvi. pp. 134, 135.

607. Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratique, Art. Arsenic, iii. 340.

608. Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii 14.—Another case somewhat analogous has been related by Tonnelier in Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine (iv. 15). The person, a girl nineteen years of age, took the poison at eleven, dined pretty heartily at two, and concealed her sufferings till seven. Even before dinner, however, she had been observed occasionally to change countenance, as if uneasy.

609. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 450.

610. London Med. Chir. Trans. ii. 134.

611. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 23. See also above, p. 77.

612. Mr. Page, Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 626.

613. Wendland in Augustin’s Archiv der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 34.

614. Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55.

615. Bachmann. See subsequently, p. 260. State Trials, xviii. Case of Miss Blandy.

616. Wepfer, Historia Cicutæ, 276.

617. In a case by Schlegel. See Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 81.

618. Buchmann, p. 40.

619. Journal de Médecine, iv. 383.

620. Journal de Chimie Med. 1842, p. 580.

621. Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55.

622. Metzger’s Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 96.—Lond. Med. Phys. Journ. xxviii. 345—and Wildberg’s Praktisches Handbuch, iii. 235–390.

623. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lix. 350.

624. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 29.

625. Tonnelier’s case. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, iv.—Roget’s case. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii.

626. Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 347.

627. Henke’s Zeitschrift, i. 31.

628. De Veneficio caute dijudicando. Schlegel’s Opusc. iv. 22.

629. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298.

630. Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 307.

631. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, v. 106.

632. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, 1843, lix. 350.

633. Elements of Juridical Medicine, 68.

634. Historia Cicutæ, p. 282.

635. Essay on Mineral Poisons, 1795, p. 30.

636. These facts are important, because they will enable the medical jurist in some circumstances to decide a question which may be started as to the possibility of arsenic having been the cause of death when it is very rapid. I have dwelt on them more particularly than may appear necessary, because some loose statements on the subject were made in a controversy on the occasion of a trial of some note, that of Hannah Russell and Daniel Leny, at Lewes Summer Assizes 1826, for the murder of the husband of the former. Arsenic was decidedly detected in the stomach, and it was proved that the deceased did not live above three hours after the only meal at which the prisoners could have administered the poison. Now during the controversy which arose after the execution of one of the prisoners, it was alleged by one of the parties, among other reasons for believing arsenic not to have been the cause of death, that this poison never proves fatal so soon as in three hours,—that Sir Astley Cooper and Mr. Stanley of London had never known a case prove fatal in less than seven hours—and that Dr. Male’s case mentioned above is the shortest on record. The instances quoted above overthrow this whole line of statement. It was mentioned by Mr. Evans, the chief crown witness, but I know not on what authority, that, on the trial of Samuel Smith for poisoning, held at Warwick Summer Assizes 1826, the deceased was proved to have expired in two hours after taking a quarter of an ounce of arsenic. I have examined with some care the documents in the Lewes case, which were obligingly communicated to me by Mr. Evans; and I have been quite unable to discover any reason for questioning the reality of poisoning, or for the ferment which it seems the subsequent controversy excited. The case seems to have been satisfactorily made out by Mr. Evans in the first instance; and no sound medical jurist would for a moment suffer a shadow of doubt to be thrown over his mind by the criticisms of Mr. Evans’s antagonist.

637. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 271.

638. London Medical Repository, ii. 270.

639. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 305.

640. Ibidem, v. 389.

641. Philos. Transactions, 1812, p. 212.

642. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, v. 410.

643. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 483.

644. This statement might be excellently illustrated by the particulars of an English trial in 1842, where the prisoner escaped, though arsenic was found in the stomach of the deceased, because the judge, resting on the medical evidence, urged that arsenic caused so much pain in the stomach as generally to make the person shriek with agony, while in this case there was no uneasiness except pain in the head. As the case, however, was by no means creditable to the parties concerned in it, I shall rest satisfied with the present allusion.

645. Vol. iii. quoted in Kopp’s Jahrbuch, vii. 401.

646. Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 95.

647. Edin. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 298.

648. Lond. Med. Phys. Journal, xxxiv.

649. Revue Médicale, 1822, vii. 105.

650. Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii. 14.

651. London Medical Gazette, xv. 828.

652. Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. i. 397.

653. Lancet, xvi. 612.

654. Epist. Anat. lix. 3.

655. Journal de Médecine, lxx. 89.

656. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1836, ii. 43.

657. Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xlii. 402.

658. Journal Hebdomadaire, 1832, viii. 476.

659. London Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 134.

660. See also a full abstract in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiii. 507.

661. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 553.

662. Traitement des Asphyxiés, 135.

663. Ratio Medendi, iii. 113.

664. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 167.

665. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 336.

666. Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

667. Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 224.

668. Nova Acta Naturæ Curiosorum, iii. 532.

669. Hahnemann über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 59.

670. Curationes Medicinales. Cent. ii. Obs. 33.

671. Cicutæ Aquaticæ Historia et Noxæ, 280.

672. Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 61.

673. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 266.

674. Diet. des Sciences Méd. ii. 307.

675. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 415.

676. Cadet de Gassicourt. Article Arsenic in Dict. des Sc. Méd.

677. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, p. 266.

678. Hoffman, Medicina Rationalis Systematica, i. 198.

679. Magazin für die gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, ii. 473.

680. Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 63.

681. Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte. Gmelin attempts to show from symptoms, that the Popes Pius Third and Clement Fourteenth died of arsenic secretly and gradually given, p. 107.

682. Curat. Medic. C. ii. Obs. 33.

683. De Cicuta, p. 289.

684. Quoted by Hahnemann, über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 41.

685. Cours de Médecine Légale, p. 121.

686. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 351; from Gazette Médicale, 1842, Nov. 5.

687. Elémens de Médecine Opératoire.

688. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xi. 461.

689. Journ. de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 482.

690. On Phagedæna Gangrænosa, or Med. Phys. Journal, xl. 238.

691. De Arsenici usu in Medicina, p. 158.

692. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 43.

693. Paris and Fonblanque, ii. 222.

694. Médecine, Légale, iv. 226.

695. Ansiaulx, Clinique Chirurgicale, and Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 188.

696. Acta Hafniensia, iii. 178.

697. Hippocrates Chymicus, c. 24. p. 213.

698. Casus Medicinales, lib. vii. cas. 11.

699. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 299.

700. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxii. v. 134.

701. London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, i. 585.

702. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271.

703. Dublin Journal of the Medical Sciences, xx. 422.

704. Eph. Curios. Naturæ, Dec. iii. An. 9 and 10, Obs. 220.

705. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 112.

706. Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 397.