165. T. rigidula. Hedw. (Trichost. rigidulum, var. β. densum. Bryol. Brit. 114.) l. lanceolate carinate, rigid, bristly, not appressed and imbricate, when dry slightly curved and loosely contorted; nerve stout continued into a thick obscure point, not really excurrent; fruit similar to No. 164. (loc. cit. 327.)
Scotland, York, Sussex, and Cornwall.
166. T. spadicea. Mitt. (Trichostomum rigidulum. Bryol. Brit., p. 114.) St. robust 1–2in.; l. patent from the base, lanceolate-subulate, canaliculate, margin recurved below; incurved and closely imbricate when dry; nerve percurrent and distinct to apex; per. l. lower half erect broadly ovate, upper narrow, recurved; caps. erect cylindrical on a red seta; lid shortly subulate, twisted; teeth narrow, on a short membrane: dioicous. (loc. cit., p. 326.)
Rocks and stones near water. Scotland, Ireland, Bolton Abbey. Autumn, Winter.
167. T. fallax. Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate from a broadish base, keeled, margin recurved, somewhat squarrose, gradually tapering and nerved to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. variable both in size and shape, usually sub-cylindrical, with an obtuse rostrate lid often as long as itself: dioicous.
Clay and limestone banks. XI. XII.
168. T. reflexa. Brid. [T. fallax. δ. Bry. Brit.] St. loosely cæspitose; l. tristichous, recurved and falcate, slightly twisted, from an oblong base lanceolate, keeled, strongly papillose on both sides, margin reflexed below, nerve vanishing below apex; caps. erect cylindrical regular; lid subulate beaked: dioicous.
Calcareous rocks and walls, rare in fr.
Scotland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire; Rydal Water (Baker). [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. of Bot. IX., 293.]
169. T. rufa. (Lorenz). Braithwaite. “St. 2–5in. often prostrate at base, sparingly dichotomous, dense leaved. L. recurved when moist, solid from an ovate base lanceolate, gradually apiculate, margin strongly recurved, nerve vanishing just below apex; cells at base rhomboid pellucid, at apex minute quadrate papillose. Reported from Ben Lawers by Dr. Stirton, but I have not seen British specimens.”—[Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 293.]
170. T. recurvifolia. Mitt. (T. gigantea, Lindb.). “In large fuscous green tufts, blackish brown at base. St. 3–8in. simple or bi-tripartite, robust dense leaved, with a few radicles. L. trifarious squarroso-recurved, when dry twisted and crisped, elongate lanceolate concave, margin strongly revolute, nerve strong, reaching apex; basal cells elongate with sinuous walls, above irregularly stellate.” (l. c. 293.)
Dripping alpine rocks. Ben Bulben, Sligo (Moore).
Buxton in fruit, June, 1865. G. E. Hunt.
171. T. princeps. De Not. (T. Mulleri. B. & S.) St. 1–2in., cæspitose, with brownish radicles; l. erecto-patent, oblong broad, concave, fawn-coloured, margin reflexed; nerve excurrent into a short scabrous hair point from a rounded obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, straight or curved on a purplish seta; one-half perist. tubular: synoicous.
Rocks, Scotland. Spring.
172. T. ruralis. Hedw. Cæspitose, branches dichotomous; l. squarrose, recurved ovate-oblong keeled, nerve excurrent into a long scabrous hair point from the acute apex, margin slightly recurved; caps. sub-cylindrical slightly curved; quite one-half perist. tubular; lid long conical: dioicous.
Walls and roofs. III. IV.
173. T. lævipila. Brid. Cæspitose; l. spreading obovate-oblong or almost panduriform, margin slightly recurved below, nerve reddish, excurrent into a longish white hair point from the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, slightly curved, lid conical; one-third perist. tubular: monoicous.
Trunks of trees and rocks. V. VI.
174. T. intermedia. Brid. (T. ruralis β minor, Wils. Bry. Brit.) Smaller and densely cæspitose or sub-pulvinate; l. erecto-patent, oblong spathulate apex obtuse, nerve excurrent into a long scabrous hair point; caps. shorter than in 172: dioicous.
Limestone walls, Scotland and N. Wales. Spring.
175. T. papillosa. Wils. Cæspitose; l. spreading obovate concave, margin plane (involute when dry), nerve thick papillose on the back, and excurrent into a smooth hair point from suddenly tapering apex; a few hyaline cells at base: fr. not known.
Wales, Sussex, and Hampshire.
176. T. latifolia. B. & S. L. obovate-spathulate or almost panduriform, soft and flaccid, with a scarcely excurrent nerve, notched at the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical slightly curved, with a long rostrate lid; quite one-third of perist. tubular; annulus small: dioicous.
Roots of trees, stones, &c.; fruit rare. Spring.
177. T. subulata. Brid. Cæspitose, simple or branched; l. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed and pellucid at base, margin plane, sometimes with a row of larger cells, nerve excurrent into a short mucro, apex sometimes slightly toothed; caps. very long cylindrical curved with a short lid; half peristome tubular: monoicous.
Sandy hedge banks, walls, &c. V. VI.
178. T. tortuosa. W. & M. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. very long linear-lanceolate, crowded flexuose, margin plane and undulated, with an excurrent nerve; per. l. narrow and tapering cirrhate; caps. straight or incurved, erect or inclined, ovate-oblong, on a longish seta: dioicous.
Limestone rocks, Derbyshire. VII.
179. T. Hibernica. Mitt. St. 2in. branched; l. at apices of branches sub-comose and stellate; base dilated and clasping above, thence patent or patenti-divergent, straight, rarely incurved or recurved, channelled, cirrhate when dry; ovate-lanceolate below, thence lineal-subulate, acute, nerve yellow continued to apex. (loc. cit. p. 329.)
Mountains near Dunkerran, common, but always sterile. (Dr. Taylor.)
180. T. nitida. Lindb. 1864. (Trichost. diffractum, Mitt. 1868.) Dioicous, densely pulvinate: stem rigid branched; l. crowded erecto-patent, arcuate when dry, more or less elongate, oblong, obtuse, channelled, margin plane slightly undulate, nerve terete prominent on back, excurrent; areolation minute, loose and cuneiform at base; fr. not known. (l. c. IX., 294.)
Clifton, Torquay, Plymouth.
181. T. sinuosa. Mitt. Jour. of Bot. V., 327. (Dicranella, Wils. MS.; Trichostomum, Lindb.) Densely cæspitose, fuscous below, l. long linear-lanceolate or subulate patent from a very short pellucid base, margin slightly recurved below, above denticulate, nerve continued into a thick obscure blunt point, often broken off; basilar cells all oblong and rectangular; fr. not known.
Shady places at roots of trees, Sussex, Cornwall, Bangor.
182. T. fragilis. Wils. (Trichostomum, Müll. Syn.) Stem erect simple or dichotomously branched, radiculose tomentose at base; l. crowded lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent, margins plane; areolæ minute, large and hyaline at base; caps. erect, ovate-oblong, regular or slightly incurved; lid conical with a long oblique beak; fruit rare. (l. c. IX., 294.)
Clefts of rocks and on the ground. Ben Lawers.
183. T. squarrosa. De Not. St. 1in. cæspitose; l. squarrose, lanceolate, recurved, with a broad sheathing base, margin undulate, with large diaphanous cells, somewhat serrulate at apex; nerve scarcely excurrent; capsule sub-cylindrical, narrow, slightly curved; lid conical, half as long as capsule; seta 1in. long: dioicous.
Chalk. Ireland and S. of England; fr. not known in this country.
[C. riparius. Walker Arnott. Acrocarpous; branches fasciculate; “l. spreading oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with thickened margins, very shortly mucronate, nerve excurrent; caps. exserted on a short thick pedicel, elliptic-oblong; lid obliquely conico-rostrate; perist. with numerous subdivisions.”] Bry. Brit. 138.
Not found in Britain, but IV.
184. C. fontinaloides. P. Beauv. Cladocarpous; st. 2–5in., in long straggling tufts, generally floating; l. crowded, spreading, flexuose, lanceolate, acute, with a thickened margin and strong excurrent nerve; per. l. larger sheathing ovate-lanceolate, thinner; cap. immersed, with a conical beaked lid; calyp. persistent, thick, split on one side.
Stones in rivulets, &c. III. IV.
185. E. commutata. N. & H. Stems about 1in. branched radiculose; l. squarrose, from an erect ovate base lanceolate, concave, acute, nerve excurrent; caps. smooth cylindrical, with a long beaked lid; calyp. jagged but not fringed at base.
Alpine summits. Scotland. VII. VIII.
186. E. vulgaris. Hedw. St. about ½in. branched, radiculose; l. spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, acute or obtuse, nerve sometimes excurrent; margin plane; caps. smooth cylindrical; base of calyptra entire; perist. very fugacious.
Limestone walls, rocks, &c. III. IV.
187. E. ciliata. Hedw. St. about ½in. radiculose; l. oblong-ovate, margin recurved below, and toothed near apex; gradually tapering to a point formed by the excurrent nerve, undulate; caps. cylindrical, smooth; perist. persistent; calyptra fringed at base.
Sub-alpine rocks. VI. VII.
188. E. rhabdocarpa. Schw. St. ½–1in. radiculose; l. spreading, erect and crisped when dry, oblong-lanceolate, nerve generally more or less excurrent into a mucro, margins plane; caps. oblong-cylindrical, striate, ribbed when dry; perist. persistent; calyp. slightly toothed at base, and roughish at apex.
Mountains in Scotland and Ireland. VII. VIII.
189. E. streptocarpa. Hedw. St. 1–2in. radiculose; l. sub-erect, ligulate, obtuse and cucullate at apex, nerve not excurrent; per. l. lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base; caps. oblong narrowed above, spirally striate, and twisted when dry; perist. outer teeth filiform, inner cilia; calyp. toothed or fringed at base, and roughened at apex.
Limestone and mortared walls; rare in fr. VIII.
190. H. ciliata. Hedw. Monoicous; dichotomously branched, rooting at base only; l. crowded, spreading, sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margin recurved below, apex diaphanous, prolonged to a blunt point and strongly toothed on each side; per. l. with apex laciniate; caps. immersed globose; lid convex with a short beak; calyp. conical, sometimes hairy.
Rocks in mountainous districts. N. Wales, Arthur’s Seat, &c. III.
Bry. Brit, gives as varieties—
191. H. imberbe. B. & S. St. 1–3in. irregularly, not dichotomously branched, flagelliferous; l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, imbricate when dry, margin recurved, apex not diaphanous, but slightly crenate; caps. exserted on a short seta, spherical or obovate; lid with a blunt slightly oblique beak; calyptra cucullate, reddish.
Rocks. Wales and Ireland. X. XI.
192. G. confertum. B. & S. Cæspitose; intense green above, blackish below; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering in the upper ones to a short hair point; margins slightly recurved and thickened, nerve strong, deeply channelled on its upper side; caps. small ovate, with a rostellate lid, almost pellucid; per. teeth much perforated, pale or orange-red.
Rocks, Scotland. II. III.
193. G. apocarpum. B. & S. Loosely cæspitose; l. spreading lanceolate acuminate from an ovate erect base, upper ones with white points, margins much recurved; nerve ceasing below apex; per. l. larger with a thinner nerve; caps. elliptical, not pellucid, with an oblique beaked lid; per. teeth dark red; calyptra divided at base.
Rocks and walls, sometimes on trees. XI.–III.
194. G. maritimum. B. & S. Cæspitose, dull green or brownish; l. rigid, not hair-pointed, straight lanceolate acuminate, keeled; nerve strong, reddish brown, excurrent, margin plane; caps. obovate with a rostellate lid; per. teeth large and perforate.
Rocks near the sea. Scotland. XI. XII.
195. G. anodon. B. & S. In small hoary cushions; l. lower minute loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate muticous, upper larger, broadly oblong-lanceolate concave, nerve excurrent into long serrated hair; basal cells elongate pellucid, above quadrate opaque; caps. immersed, oval gymnostomous, strongly ventricose; lid plano-convex: monoicous.
Walls and dry limestone rocks. Arthur’s Seat (Bell).
196. G. crinita. Brid. In loose flat silky tufts; l. imbricate, lowest lanceolate, muticous, upper obovate-oblong channelled, the broad diaphanous apex continued into a long hair, nerve not reaching apex; basal cells elongate diaphanous, upper large rounded thickened; caps. ovate, lightly striate, sub-cernuous, furrowed when dry; lid convex with an obtuse point; cal. dimidiate, two-lobed: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. N. S., vol. I., 195.]
Mortar of old walls and limestone rocks. Near Hatton, Warwick, 1872 (J. Bagnall).
197. G. orbicularis. B. & S. Densely pulvinate; l. oblong-lanceolate, rounded obtuse at apex, with nerve excurrent into a long hair point, basal cellules large; caps. almost spherical drooping on a curved yellowish seta, slightly striate; lid small convex; annulus narrow; per. teeth trifid, more distantly barred than the next; calyptra dimidiate: monoicous.
Limestone rocks. II. III.
198. G. pulvinata. Sm. Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. l. elliptic lanceolate, margin recurved, apex rather obtuse, terminated by the nerve excurrent into a long hair point; caps. drooping reddish brown, ovoid, eight-furrowed; lid convex with a straight beak; calyptra lobed at base; per. teeth dark red bi-trifid, annulus large: monoicous.
Rocks and walls. III. IV.
199. G. Schultzii. Brid. L. crowded, sub-secund, lanceolate, tapering into a long rough diaphanous point, margins recurved; caps. slightly obovate, furrowed, on a very short curved seta; annulus large; per. teeth long tapering, deeply bifid; monoicous.
Sub-alpine rocks. E. S. W. IV. V.
200. G. subsquarrosa. Wils. MS. Dr. F. B. White. Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans, IX., 142. In lax dark green tufts, fuscous at base; st. ⅓–¾in. with dichotomous short curved branches; l. patent squarrose, erect and appressed when dry, lowest from an ovate base gradually lanceolate, muticous, upper longer and extended into a long denticulate hair point, nerve strong, margin recurved; basal cells quadrate hyaline, marginal narrow and elongate, above minute rounded quadrate. Fr. not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 196.]
Rocks. Kinnoul Hill, Perth (Dr. B. White); Moncrieff Hill (Dr. Stirton); Arthur’s Seat and Braid Hills, &c.
201. G. robusta. Fergusson MS. In large loose tufts, black below, dark green and hoary above; br. fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, keeled at back with the strong nerve, margin recurved below; lower short muticous, lanceolate from a contracted ovate base, upper longer, gradually tapering into a long smooth hair point; cells quadrate thickened, at centre of base longer, with a single row at margin of basal wing hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 196.]
Alpine rocks. Clova (Fergusson); Fairhead, Ireland, (Dr. Moore); Cardross and Bowling (Dr. Stirton); Ross-shire (Hunt).
202. G. contorta. Wahl. In small deep green soft tufts, black below and radiculose; l. patent incurved, curled when dry, lineal subulate from a lanceolate base, with short diaphanous hair points, keeled, margin recurved below: basal cells diaphanous elongate hexagono-rectangular, above sinuous and quadrate; per. l. erect sheathing; caps. small oval smooth yellowish, cernuous on a sub-arcuate seta, erect when dry, lid convex conical obtuse orange-red: dioicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197; Schp. Syn. 210.]
Quartz rocks. Cheviots (Hardy); Cloch-na-ben (Sim); Glen Callater, &c. (Fergusson).
203. G. torquata. Grev. (G. torta. N. & H. Bry. Brit.) Loosely tufted elongate; st. 1–2in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate acuminate, spirally twisted when dry, channelled, occasionally hair-pointed; fruct. not known.
Alpine rocks. E. I. S.
204. G. funalis. Schwgn. (G. spiralis. H. & T. Bry. Brit.) Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. slender; l. oblong or ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, upper ones tapering into a long hair point, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovoid, smooth, eight-furrowed when dry; lid short apiculate; annulus large compound; calyp. five-lobed at base; per. teeth closely bifid: dioicous.
Dry alpine rocks. E. S. I. X. XI.
205. G. Muhlenbeckii. Schpr. Loosely pulvinate and cæspitose; st. tall erect or procumbent dichotomous and rooting at base; l. densely crowded, patulous, erect when dry, elongate-lanceolate, keeled with the strong nerve, margin plane, lower with a short, upper with a long, rough hair point with recurved teeth; basal cells elongate, upper rounded quadrate; caps. small oval glossy, rugulose when dry yellowish brown, lid convex with a short beak, red. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 197. Schp. Syn. p. 212.] VII.
206. G. trichophylla. Grev. Loose yellowish green tufts, ¼–1in. l. linear-lanceolate from an erect base, flexuose, tapering into a long diaphanous point, margin recurved at base, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovate-oblong, furrowed when dry, lid with a long straight beak; annulus larger; per. teeth bifid; calyp. lobed: dioicous.
Walls. E. S. I. IV. V.
207. G. Hartmannii. Schp. Loosely cæspitose, green above, black below; st. elongate procumbent rigid, arcuate ascending, dichotomous; l. elongate-lanceolate; upper ones secund, prolonged into a short smooth hair point, somewhat concave, margin more or less recurved; basal cells sinuouso-rectangular hyaline, above quadrate opaque; fruit not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197. Sch. Syn. 214.]
Shaded quartzose rocks. Wales and Scotland.
208. G. elatior. B. & S. Robust, loosely cæspitose; fuscous green, hoary at top; st. sparingly branched elongate, from decumbent naked base ascending; l. very long curved patent, from oblong carinato-concave base longly lanceolate, margin revolute, ending in a long smoothish hair point; basal cells linear-rectangular, wider towards margin, above rounded opaque; caps. ovate ten-ribbed, when dry oblong deeply furrowed; lid conical muticous or sub-aciculate: dioicous. [Bry. Eur. III. Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 197.]
Granite rocks. Clova, 1868 (Fergusson).
209. G. Donniana. Sm. Stems ¼–½in. tufted, l. erecto-patent, lanceolate elongate narrow, tapering into a roughened hair point, margin plane; per. l. longer; caps. erect oval-oblong, slightly exserted, pale yellowish brown, lid obtuse conical; annulus small; per. teeth broad, sometimes perforate: monoicous.
Mountain rocks and walls. E. S. W. III. IV. X.
210. G. Ungeri. Juratzka. Compact irregular blackish green, hoary tufts; st. short simple or dichotomous; l. erecto-patulous, lower smaller muticous, upper larger lanceolate from an obovate base, ending in a long smooth hair point, margin plane; basal cells quadrate hyaline, above quadrate, then opaque and indistinct; caps. small oval smooth, without annulus, exserted on an erect pale brown seta; lid conical obtuse, calyp. cucullate: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., 198.]
On earth in crevices of rocks at 1600 feet at Ballater (Rev. J. Fergusson).
211. G. ovata. W. & M. St. ½in. or more, branched fastigiate; l. spreading, erect when dry, lanceolate tapering into a roughish hair-point, nerve broad indistinct, margin recurved below; caps. ovoid erect exserted reddish brown, annulus large, lid rostellate, with a groove round its base; per. teeth narrow, cleft and perforate: monoicous.
Alpine rocks. Breadalbane and Clova; Snowdon; Charnwood Forest. X.—III.
212. G. leucophea. Grey. Dark green hoary tufts; st. ½in.; l. erect, spreading, when dry closely imbricate, upper ovate or elliptical concave, with very long hair points and plane margins, lower ones muticous; caps. smooth elliptical or oblong erect, exserted, with a short conico-rostellate lid, and large dehiscent annulus: dioicous.
Scotland, Devon. IV.
213. G. commutata. Hueb. Loosely tufted, blackish green, hoary at top; stems slender flexuose, naked below; l. lower small loosely imbricate, upper much longer ovate-lanceolate, from a broad upright base declining, shortly hair-pointed; per. l. three internal erect sheathing, longly pointed; basal cells rectangular, upper quadrate; caps. ovate or ovate-globose erect, smooth, exserted, lid acutely and obliquely rostrate, annulus broad. [Schp. Syn. p. 109. Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 198.]
Dry quartzose rocks. Moncreiff Hill, Perth (Dr. Stirton); Dunkeld (Dr. B. White); Clova, in fr. (Fergusson.)
214. G. montana. B. & S. St. slender dichotomous; l. erecto-patent oblong-lanceolate with a long hair-point, very concave, margin erect; basal cells diaphanous quadrato-hexagonal, above minute rounded thickened opaque; caps. erect on a short seta, ovate small brown very smooth; lid, obliquely rostrate; calyptra large cucullate long beaked, annulus simple; per. teeth irregularly torn. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 199.]
Sandstone and granite rocks. Deeside, Aberdeenshire, 1869 (Prof. Barker and Mr. Roy); Bolt Head, Devonshire, in fruit (Mr. Holmes).
215. G. elongata. Kaulfuss. In loose cushioned tufts, black below, innovations olive green with hoary tips. St. slender, repeatedly dichotomous, naked below without radicles. L. patulous, lower lanceolate muticous, upper elongate-lanceolate obtuse with the apex diaphanous, margin erect, basal cells rectangular hyaline at margin, becoming minute and quadrate above; caps. ovate erect smooth pale brown, on a straight seta; lid conical obtuse, annulus narrow; per. t. lanceolate red entire or slightly perforate; calyp. multifid, long beaked. (Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 199.)
Alpine rocks. Glen Callater and Glen Phee, Clova, 1868 (Fergusson); near Glasgow (Dr. Stirton).
216. G. unicolor. Grev. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose, naked below; branches brittle flexuose; l. erect channelled lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base, obtuse, not hair-pointed, rigid, margin incurved, broadly nerved to apex; caps. ovate, nearly erect, with a large annulus and a long straight or slightly inclined beak: dioicous.
Alpine rocks, Clova. IV. (?)
217. G. atrata. Miel. St. cæspitose, 1–2in., l. blackish, rigid, erecto-patent lanceolate-subulate, carinate, margin reflexed, scarcely so obtuse as the last, with a thinner nerve scarcely reaching to apex. Caps. elliptic-oblong on a longer seta, with a large annulus and short rostellate lid: dioicous.
Alpine rocks. Snowdon, Glen Callater. X.–IV.
218. R. (Dryptodon) patens. Bridel. Bry. Univ., I., 192. (Grimmia patens. Bry. Brit., p. 158.) In dark green or fuscous tufts; st. 2–4in. branched, decumbent and naked below; l. spreading or slightly secund, oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a blunt apex, margin recurved below, nerve strong two-winged at back; per. l. shorter; caps. almost obovate smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale flexuose seta; annulus large; cal. five-lobed: dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. S. I. W. IV. V.
219. R. ellipticum. B. & S. Blackish rigid tufts; st. 1in. decumbent and naked below; l. spreading from an erect base lanceolate oblong, strongly nerved to apex, margins plane thickened; caps. erect roundish smooth, on a short thick seta; lid large conical with a long slender subulate beak: dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. XI.—IV.
220. R. aciculare. Brid. St. 1–3in. cæspitose, decumbent and naked at base, branches very leafy; l. spreading or secund, ovate-oblong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes toothed at apex, to which the nerve does not reach; caps. erect oblong smooth, with a small mouth, and on a longer and thinner seta, lid with a long straight subulate beak: dioicous.
Wet mountainous rocks by streams. XI.—IV.
221. R. protensum. A. Braun. St. less rigid than last, and leafy at base; l. generally secund lanceolate-subulate obtuse, nerved to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cylindrical thinner, on a pale seta; lid with a long subulate beak; calyp. lobed at base; dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire. IV.
222. R. sudeticum. B. & S. St. slender, decumbent and naked at base, l. spreading recurved keeled lanceolate tapering into a long whitish diaphanous denticulate point; caps. small ovoid on a short seta, lid with a shorter acute beak. IV.
223. R. fasciculare. Brid. St. 1–2in., decumbent at base, with upright innovations, fasciculate; l. crowded, from a broadish erect base lanceolate spreading, muticous, margins recurved, areolæ long narrow sinuous; caps. elliptical with a long subulate lid; calyp. copiously papillose.
Rocks. III.
224. R. heterostichum. Brid. St. ½–1in., base decumbent, branches scarcely fasciculate; l. sometimes secund, lanceolate tapering to a long white denticulate point, margin recurved, areolæ long and sinuous below, above sub-quadrate; caps. sub-cylindrical, mouth very small; calyp. somewhat papillose at apex only; lid short obliquely rostrate.
Rocks and walls. E. W. I. III.
225. R. microcarpon. Brid. St. slender fasciculate with short branches; l. spreading falcato-secund, lanceolate tapering to a short point, areolæ all long and sinuous; caps. small ovate, thin and pale, with a robust rostrate lid.
Highlands of Scotland.
226. R. lanuginosum. Brid. St. very long and slender, fasciculate; l. lanceolate tapering into a long strongly dentate point, sometimes secund or spreading from an erect base; areolæ sinuous; caps. small ovoid, on a short roughish seta, and with a long straight rostrate lid; calyp. papillose above.
Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. III.
227. R. canescens. Brid. St. 2–4in. decumbent at base; l. ovate-lanceolate tapering into a long denticulate point, recurved from an erect base, areolæ sinuous; caps. ovoid eight-striate when dry, with a very long subulate lid; calyp. papillose above.
Stony and sandy heaths. III.
228. G. Daviesii. Schwg. St. ½in. cæspitose; l. linear-lanceolate spreading entire, margin thickened and reflexed below, strongly nerved to apex, areolæ minute, larger at base; caps. erect, almost globose, with a reddish mouth and long rostrate lid; per. teeth converging when moist, reflexed when dry; calyp. large, laciniate at base.
Clefts of rocks. VI. VII.
Giant’s Causeway; Llanberis; Glenarbuck, May, 1863 (W. Galt and McCartney); New Kilpatrick, Killin (McKinlay); Ardtun Mull (Dr. Black); Skye (Hunt); Blairlogie; Craigallion; Campsie Hills (Thompson and Galt).
229. P. polyphyllum. B. & S. St. ½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from a broadish base, spreading, nerved to the dentate acute apex; caps. elliptical on a long twisted seta; calyp. plicate; lid long subulate.
Mountainous rocks and walls. III. IV.
230. O. cupulatum. Hoffm. St. under 1in.; l. spreading lanceolate keeled, lower brownish, nerve distinct; caps. obovate, urceolate when dry, with a shortly beaked lid; calyp. hairy; perist. simple, of 16 free equidistant teeth, spreading when dry.
Rocks and walls. IV. V.
231. O. Sturmii. Hop. & Hornsch. In loose cushions; st. short and erect, or longer and prostrate; l. patent and recurved when moist, incumbent when dry; margin subrevolute, acutely costato-carinate; caps. generally immersed, obovate, with eight obsolete striæ, when dry eight-ribbed and constricted below the mouth; calyp. more or less hairy, shining; per. teeth simple 16 equidistant, erect when dry, slightly incurved. [Bry. Eur. III., t. 109.]
Trap rocks. S. I. (Dr. Wood.) Summer.
232. O. Shawii. Sch. Resembles the last, but differs by its leaves being less solid and of looser texture at base; cells in one row always (not in two); by the fewer hairs on its shorter glossy white calyptra; and by its per. teeth densely papillose white and reflexed when dry. [Supp. Bry. Eur., fasc, I. II.]
On an ash tree at Kilkerran Castle, Argyleshire, 1860 (J. Shaw). VI.
233. O. obtusifolium. Schrad. In loose yellowish green tufts, brownish below; l. patulous oblong from an ovate base, apex obtuse hyaline and minutely serrulate, concave, margin incurved, papillose at back, per. l. broader and less obtuse: caps. oval immersed with eight orange striæ; cal. long naked whitish, with a brown tip; lid convex acuminate; per. teeth eight bi-geminate reflexed when dry, alternating with eight cilia: dioicous. (Bry. Eur. III., t. 208.)
On trunks of trees. York, Bristol. V.
234. O. pumilum. Swartz. (O. fallax, Br. Wils. B. & S. but not Schp. Syn.) Minute pulvinate; l. lanceolate acute, carinate, margin revolute; per. l. longer erect; caps. oblong, with eight orange striæ, neck gradually tapering into the seta; cal. long shining brown at apex; per. teeth eight bi-geminate yellow, densely papillose, reflexed when dry.
Ash trees at Inverkip and Dailly, Ayrshire.
235. O. fallax. Schp. Syn. 264, non Bruch. (O. pumilum, Dicks, Bry. Brit. B. & S., Müller, &c.) Differs from the above in having a more oblong thicker capsule, with deeper yellow striæ, with its neck shorter abrupt, not gradually narrowed, and with a shorter more inflated calyptra; l. elliptic-lanceolate and obtuse.
On trees, not common. E. I.
236. O. tenellum. Bruch. St. ½in. tufted; l. spreading, lanceolate-oblong or ligulate, obtuse; caps. yellow-brown, exserted, sub-cylindrical, not contracted at mouth when dry, broadly and distinctly striate; calyp. with a few short hairs, conico-campanulate, yellow; perist. yellow, eight teeth and eight cilia.
Trees, E. I. W. V. VI.
237. O. pallens. Bruch. St. erect short tufted; l. spreading, lanceolate or ligulate obtuse, margins revolute; caps. elliptic-oblong with a large apophysis, scarcely exserted, slightly contracted at mouth when dry; striæ broad; calyp. large pale yellow hairless. Perist. of eight yellow teeth and 16 cilia.
Trees. York. VI.
238. O. stramineum. Horns. St. short tufted; l. spreading, narrowly lanceolate acuminate, keeled, margin reflexed; caps. ovate-pyriform slightly exserted, striæ broad; calyp. large campanulate purple-tipped, slightly hairy; perist. 8 teeth, and 16 (sometimes only eight) cilia; vaginula hairy.
Trees and rocks. E. S. W. VI. VII.
239. O. fastigiatum. Bruch. St. longer, tufted with fastigiate branches; l. broader lanceolate, gradually tapering to a point, sub-erect; caps. almost pyriform, scarcely exserted, with broad striæ; calyp. brownish yellow hairy; per. teeth eight, and 16 broad short cilia.
Solitary trees, Yorkshire and Sussex. V. VI.
240. O. affine. Schrad. St. ½–1in. tufted branched; l. spreading, oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt point, margin revolute and slightly undulate, strongly papillose on both sides; caps. elliptic-oblong, somewhat exserted, contracted when dry, striæ narrow. Perist. eight pale teeth and eight filiform cilia; calyp. large greenish yellow hairy.
Trees, walls, &c., common. VI. VII.
241. O. rupestre. Schl. St. 1in. or more, cæspitose, creeping at base; l. broadly lanceolate, spreading, slightly recurved; caps. pyriform, mouth large, scarcely exserted, striæ indistinct; calyp. large yellow, with long hairs; perist. 16 pale teeth in pairs (equidistant when dry), and eight cilia.
Mountainous rocks. VII. VIII.
242. O. speciosum. Nees. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l. spreading, lanceolate, somewhat pointed, papillose, margins recurved; caps. shortly exserted elliptic-oblong, faintly striate at summit, lid conical beaked; calyp. large yellowish, with long hairs; perist. eight yellowish teeth, and eight cilia.
Trees, rare. Montrose and Corrie Mulzie. VII. VIII.
243. O. Lyellii. Hook. St. 2in. or more, loosely tufted, with erect branches; l. much spreading long linear-lanceolate, wavy, scarcely serrate at apex, and studded with papillæ and brownish gland-like bodies; caps. elliptic-oblong, with a distinct tapering apophysis, and faint striæ; calyp. very large, brown tipped, with a few long whitish hairs. Perist. 16 pale teeth, and 16 red-toothed cilia.
Old tree trunks, rare in fr. VII.
244. O. rivulare. Turn. St. long tufted, often floating; l. oblong-ovate flaccid, sometimes sub-secund, obtuse, with a strong nerve and small papillæ; margin recurved below: caps. pyriform, broadly striate, almost immersed; perist. eight teeth in pairs, afterwards nearly equidistant, and 16 cilia; calyp. large dull green hairless.
Rocks and tree trunks at edges of streams. E. W. I. IV. V.
245. O. Sprucei. Mont. St. ¼in. tufted; l. oblong-ovate or ligulate, apex rounded and tipped with an apiculus, scarcely reflexed, thinly nerved, not papillose; caps. pyriform, scarcely exserted, contracted at mouth when dry, striæ broad; lid with a short beak; calyp. reddish tipped, large, hairless; perist. 16 teeth, in pairs, yellowish, and eight, sometimes 16, cilia.
Trees near rivers. York, Matlock, Glasgow. V. VI.
246. O. diaphanum. Schrad. St. scarcely ½in. tufted; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender diaphanous serrulate point, margin recurved; caps. somewhat pyriform, almost immersed, faintly striate; calyp. generally naked; perist. 16 equidistant teeth, sometimes split at apex, and 16 cilia.
Walls, trees, and palings. IV.