328. “Le Grand Lapidaire de Jean de Mandeville.” From the edition of 1561, ed. by J. S. del Sotto, Vienne, 1862, p. 90.

329. In Konrad von Megenberg’s “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 437.

330. Erasmi, “Colloquia,” Lipsiæ, 1713, p. 596.

331. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 814.

332. Lemnii, “De miraculis occultis naturæ,” Francofurti, 1611, pp. 212, 213.

333. Mizauld, “Hundert curieuse Kunst-stücke,” in Martius’ “Unterricht von der Magiæ Naturali,” Leipzig, 1717, p. 290.

334. Smith, “Jewellery,” London, 1908, p. 151.

335. “Anatomy of absurditie,” 1589; p. 40 of Collier’s reprint. Lean’s Collectanes, vol. ii, Pt. II, Bristol, 1903, p. 643.

336. Lupton, “One Thousand Notable Things.”

337. Encelii, “De re metallica,” Francofurti, 1557, pp. 219, 220.

338. Idem, pp. 218, 219. See also p. 121 of the present book.

339. Cardani, “De subtilitate,” Basilæ, 1554; lib. vii, p. 211.

340. Traité des Simples of Ibn Al-Beithar in “Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale,” vol. xxiii, pp. 416–417; Paris, 1877.

341. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xi, cap. 79.

342. Encelii, “De re metallica,” Francofurti, 1557, p. 218.

343. Lemnii, “De miraculis naturæ,” Francofurti, 1611, p. 213.

344. Ibid., lib. xxxvii, cap. 56.

345. Ibid., lib. xxix, cap. 38.

346. Ibid., lib. xxxvii, cap. 60.

347. Danielis Sennarti, “Epitome naturalis scientiæ,” Francofurti, 1650, lib. v, cap. 4, pp. 438, 439; citing Scaliger, Exercit. 112.

348. G. Rollenhagen, “Wahrhaffte Lügen von Geistlichen und Naturalichen Dingen,” Wahrenberg, 1680, p. 93.

349. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 56.

350. Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxviii.

351. Ibid., fol. xxiv.

352. C. Plinii Secundi, “Naturalis historia,” ed. Janus, Lipsiæ, 1880, p. 249, lib. xxx, cap. 11.

353. In Konrad von Megenberg’s version “Buch der Natur,” ed. Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 440.

354. Rev. Oswald Cockayne, “Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England,” London, 1865, vol. ii, p. 307 (Bk. iii, cap. i, of “Laece Boc”).

355. “Naturalis historia,” lib. x, cap. 4, and lib. xxx, cap. 44.

356. Theophrasti, “De lapidibus” (Peri lithôn), ed. by John Hill, London, 1746, p. 16; cap. 10; see Hill’s note, pp. 16–19.

357. Marbodei, loc. cit.

358. Aëtii, Tetrabiblos, Basileæ, 1542, p. 77.

359. Conradi Gesneri, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, pp. 142, 143; with figures of ring. Pliny already mentions the callimus, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvi, cap. 39.

360. Bauschii, “De lapide ætite,” Lipsiæ, 1665, p. 64.

361. Ibid., p. 9.

362. Ibid., pp. 9, 10.

363. Ibid., pp. 11, 12.

364. Albert Hartshorne, F.S.A., in Proceedings of Society of Antiquaries of London, Sec. Series, vol. xxii, p. 517, May 27, 1909.

365. MS. 8356 of the Bibliothèque Nationale, f. LXXII, verso.

366. F. de Mély La Grande Encyclopédie, vol. xxvi, p. 884.

367. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles,” Heidelberg, 1912, p. 4, citing Petermann, “Reisen im Orient,” vol. ii, p. 132.

368. Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, p. 94, note. (Figures on pp. 94 and 95.)

369. Lacroix, “Minéralogie de la France,” Paris, 1893–1910, vol. iii, p. 399.

370. Lemnii, “De miraculis naturæ,” Francofurti, 1611, p. 213.

371. In Konrad Von Megenberg’s version, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 435.

372. The writer erroneously derives the name from the Latin verb allectare, the true derivation being from the Greek ἀλέκτωρ, a cock.

373. Guiffrey, “Inventaires du Duc de Berry,” vol. i, p. 166.

374. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Kazwînî,” Beilage to the Jahresbericht of the Oberrealschule, Heidelberg, 1895–96, p. 15.

375. Chabœuf, “Charles le Téméraire à Dijon,” 1474; in Mém. de la Soc. burg. géog. et hist., vol. xviii, p. 137.

376. Monardes, “Semplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia” (Latin version by Clusius), Antverpiæ, 1579, p. 51.

377. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, Bk. III, cap. 27, §§ 1, 4.

378. W. L. Hildburgh, “Further Notes on Spanish Amulets,” in Folk Lore, vol. xxiv, No. 1, p. 70, March 31, 1913. Sec. Plate I, Fig. 27.

379. Encelii, “De re metallica,” Francofurti, 1557, p. 219.

380. See text in Axel Garboe’s “Kulturhistoriske Studier over Ædelstene,” Kjbenhavn og Kristiana, 1915, p. 56, note from Simon Paulli, “Quadripartitum botanicum,” Argentorati, 1667, p. 163.

381. Oswaldus Crollius, “Basilica chymica,” Frankfurt, 1623, p. 213.

382. “Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier,” Pt. II, Paris, 1678, p. 470; liv. ii, chap. 24.

383. Williamson, “Catalogue of the Collection of Jewels and Precious Works of Art, the Property of J. Pierpont Morgan,” London, 1910, pp. 12–14.

384. Caspar Neumann, “Disquisitio de ambra grysea,” Dresden, 1736, pp. 80, 81.

385. Gimma, “Della storia naturale delle gemme,” Napoli, 1730, vol. i, p. 479.

386. Christiani Mentzelii, “Lapis Bononensis,” Bilefeldiæ, 1675, p. 47.

387. Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, p. 227.

388. Plinii, “Historia Naturalis,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 68.

389. Ibid., lib. xxxvi, cap. 35. See also Dioscorides V, 155; Ætius II, 19.

390. Claudii Galeni, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Kuhn, Lipsiæ, 1826, vol. xii, p. 199. De simplic. med., lib. vii, cap. 2.

391. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, lib. i, cap. 24, § 2.

392. “Museum Wormianum,” Lug. Bat., 1655, pp. 7–9.

393. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, lib. iv, cap. 10, p. 600.

394. “Museum Wormianum,” Lug. Bat., 1655, p. 65.

395. This is the fossilized horny part of the tail of an extinct cuttlefish, and numerous specimens have been found in the marl of New Jersey as well as in many other places.

396. Gesneri, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 89, verso, 90, recto.

397. Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, pp. 138–139. Figure on p. 138.

398. Andree, “Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche,” New Ser., Leipzig, 1889, p. 33.

399. Reichii, “Medicina Universalis” [Vratislaviæ, 1691], p. 76. See Fig. 4, opp. p. 72.

400. De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” ed. Toll, Lug. Bat., 1647, p. 410; lib. ii, cap. ccxxvii, and also De Laet, “De gemmis et lapidibus,” Lug. Bat., 1647, p. 138.

401. Ibid., p. 300; lib. ii, cap. cxlviii.

402. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, vol. ii, p. 11.

403. See, in regard to this stone, Oppert, “Der Salâgrâma-Stein,” Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, XXXIV Jahrgang, Berlin, 1902, pp. 131–137.

404. Magnusen, “Om en Steenring med Runeindskrift,” Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, Copenhagen, 1838–1839, p. 133.

405. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder die vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, vol. ii, p. 12.

406. Reichii, “Medicina universalis” [Vratislaviæ, 1691], p. 75. See Fig. 3, opp. p. 72.

407. Peringskiold, “Wilkina Saga eller historia on Konung Diedrich of Bern,” Stockholmis, 1715, pp. 57, 58.

408. Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 100–104.

409. Nicolo Monardes, “Delle cose que vengono portate dall’Indie occidentali,” Venetia, 1575, pp. 95–6.

410. Ibid., pp. 104–5.

411. Caspar Bauhini, “De lapidis bezaaris ortu natura,” etc., Basileæ, 1625, p. 3.

412. Museum Brittanicum, John and Andrew van Rymsdyk, London, pp. 50–51.

413. De Boot, “De lapidibus,” ed. Toll, Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 367.

414. “De lapidibus,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 370. See also Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, p. 179, with figure of stone from hedgehog.

415. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 809.

416. Ibid., p. 809.

417. Ambroise Paré, “Œuvres Complètes,” Paris, 1841, vol. iii, pp. 341, 342.

418. Engelberti Kaempferi, “Amœnitatum exoticarum fasc. V,” Lemgoviæ, 1712, pp. 402, 403.

419. Andreæ Baccii, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis,” Francofurti, 1603, p. 193; Latin version by Wolfgang Gabelchover of the original Italian.

420. Kaempferi, “Amœnitatum exoticarum fasciculi V,” Lemgoviæ, 1712, pp. 400, 401.

421. The Tûzuk-i-Jahangiri or memoirs of Jehangir trans. by Alexander Rogers, London, 1909, p. 240; Orient. Trans. Fund, N. S., vol. xix.

422. “Voyage d’Ethiopie”; in Lettres édiflantes et curieuses, IV Recueil, Paris, 1713, p. 103.

423. De Acosta, “Histoire Naturelle et Morale des Indes,” tr. by Cauxois, Paris, 1600, f. 206 r. and v.

424. Von Hammer, “Auszüge aus dem persischen Werke, Buch der Edelsteine, von Mohammed ben Manssur,” in Fundgruben des Orients, vol. vi, p. 134; Wien, 1818.

425. Boccone, “Recherches et observations naturelles,” Amsterdam, 1674, pp. 238, 239.

426. F. Nix, in Tijdschrift voor Ind. Taal, Land en Volk, vol. v, p. 151.

427. Julii Reichelti, “De Amuletis,” Argentorati, 1676, p. 75.

428. Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, p. 175.

429. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, bk. iii, cap. 13, §§ 1, 2, p. 446.

430. Pancirollus, “The History of Many Memorable Things,” London, 1715, p. 288.

431. Ibid., loc. cit.

432. R. Verneau and P. Rivet, “Ethnologie ancienne de l’Equateur,” Paris, 1912; vol. vi of Mission du service géologique de l’armée pour la mesure d’un arc de méridien équatorial en Amérique du Sud, 1899–1906, pp. 235, 236; figure (nat. size) on p. 235.

433. Historical Manuscripts Commission, MSS. of the Marquis of Salisbury, Pt. V, London, 1894, p. 3.

434. Archæologia, vol. xxi, p. 153, London, 1837. From Warrant of Indemnity given by King James I to the guardians of the crown jewels.

435. Jahrbuch der kunsthistorischen Sammlungen des allerhöchsten Kaiserhauses, vol. xx, Pt. II, pp. lxv, xcvii, Wien, 1899.

436. Figured in Jeweler’s Circular Weekly, Dec. 17, 1913, p. 53; Charles A. Brassler, “Gold Mounted Specimens of Bezoar.”

437. Skeat, “Malay Magic,” London, 1900, pp. 274 sqq.

438. Chau Ju-Kua, “Chu-fan-chi” (“A Description of Barbarous Peoples”), trans. by Friedrich Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, St. Petersburg, 1911, p. 16, and p. 90, note 7.

439. Von Dewall, “Aanteekeningen omtrent de Noordoostkust van Borneo;” Tijdschrift voor Ind. Taal. Land en Volk, vol. iv, p. 436.

440. Valmont de Bomare, “Dictionnaire raisonné universel,” Paris, 1773, p. 556.

441. Edwards, “History and Poetry of Finger Rings,” New York, 1855, pp. 110, 111.

442. “Scientific American,” vol. xv, No. 19, p. 299; November 3, 1866.

443. Dr. Learned, “Morocco and the Moors,” 1876, p. 281.

444. S. de Vries, “Curieuse Aenmerkingen der byzonderste Oost en West-Indische Verwonderens-waerdige Dingen,” Utrecht, 1682, Pt. II, pp. 912, 913.

445. See Ledra Hazlit, M.D., “Hair-balls of the Stomach and Intestines,” Jour. A. M. A., vol. lxii, No. 2, pp. 107–110, with illustration; and G. A. Moore, “Hair Cast of the Stomach with Respect of a Case,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Jan. 1, 1914.

446. Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxix, cap. 12.

447. Kunz, Dept. of Mining Statistics.

448. Johann Turi, “Muittalus samid birra; en bog om Lappernas liv.”; text, and Danish trans. by Emilie Demnant, Kjøbenhavn, 1911, p. 184 (p. 62 of text).

449. Tertulliani, “Opera Omnia,” Parisiis, 1879, vol. i, col. 1425, De cultu feminarum.

450. “Lithica,” lines 336 sqq.

451. The fyrste boke of the introduction of Knowledge made by Andrew Borde of Psysycke Doctore. Ed. by Furnival, London, 1870, p. 121. Early English Text Soc., Extra Series No. X.

452. Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins: Welsh Folk-lore, Fairy Myths, Legends and Traditions,” London, 1880, p. 366.

453. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des Muḥammad ibn Mahmud al-Kazwînî,” Beilage to the Jahresberichte of the Oberrealschule, Heidelberg, 1895–96, p. 15.

454. Edmond Doutté, “Magie et Religion,” Alger, 1909, p. 145; quoting Largeau, “La Sahara algérienne,” p. 80.

455. “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, pp. 347–349.

456. Daniel Wilson, “The Archæology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland,” Edinburgh, 1851, pp. 303, 304. Two specimens figured on p. 304.

457. John Brand, “Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain,” London, 1849, vol. iii, p. 371.

458. Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins: Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Myths, Legends and Traditions.” London, 1880, p. 360.

459. J. G. Frazer, “Balder the Beautiful,” London, 1913, vol. i, p. 16.

460. Arakel, “Livre d’histoire,” chap. liii; in Collection d’historiens armeniens, French transl. by M. Brosset, St. Petersburg, 1874, vol. i, p. 545.

461. F. de Mély, “Les lapidaires de l’antiquité et du moyen âge,” vol. i, “Les lapidaires chinois,” Paris, 1896, pp. 237–238.

462. “Account of the Snake Stone,” in Lancet, vol. 177, London, July-Dec. 1909, p. 1478.

463. “Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier,” Pt. II, Paris, 1678, pp. 410, 411; Bk. II, ch. xxiv.

464. “The Travels of M. de Thevenot into the Levant,” London, 1686, Pt. III, p. 32; Bk. I, chap. 18.

465. Davy, “An Analysis of the Snake-stone,” Asiatic Researches, vol. xiii, p. 318; Kaempfer, “Amoen. Exit.,” pp. 395–397; cited in Yule-Burnell, “A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Other Phrases,” London, 1886, pp. 643, 644.

466. “Jungle Life in India,” p. 83.

467. Redi, “Experimenta,” Amstelodami, 1675, pp. 4–8.

468. Edinburgh Philos. Journal, No. 1, p. 147; Philos. Trans., cix, p. 283; and “The Natural History and Properties of Tabersheer,” 1828; Edinburgh Journal, viii, p. 288.

469. Jour. de Pharmacies, xxvii, pp. 81, 161, 252; and Phil. Mag., x, p. 229.

470. Nature, xxxv, p. 437.

471. “Der Tabixir in seiner Bedeutung für die Botanik, Mineralogie, und Physik”; X. Sammlung. Naturwissenschaftlicher Vorträge, Berlin, 1887.

472. Tavernier, “Voyages en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,” Paris, 1718, vol. ii, p. 392; liv. ii, chap. 24.

473. Engelberti Kaempferi, “Amœnitatum exoticarum fasciculi V,” Lemgoviæ, 1712, pp. 395, 396.

474. Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” 2d ed., New York, 1892, p. 183.

475. Rumphius, “D’Amboinsche Rariteitskamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, pp. 303–305.

476. “Die Gesta Romanorum,” ed. Wilhelm Dick, Erlangen, 1890, p. 127.

477. Dr. H. C. White, “The Chemical and Physical Characters of the So-called ‘Mad-Stones,’” British Association for the Advancement of Science, 73d Report, Meeting of 1903 at Smithfield, London, 1904, p. 605.

478. “Lancet,” vol. 164, Jan.-June, 1903, p. 343.

479. American Journal of Science, vol. xxxiv, Dec., 1887. See also Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1892, p. 144.

480. Leipsic, 1866.

481. Kohut, loc. cit., p. 25.

482. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne, ed. by Dom Fernand Cabrol and Dom H. Leclercq, vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, col. 2088.

483. Ibid., col. 2089.

484. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne, ed. by Dom Fernand Cabrol and Dom H. Leclercq, vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, cols. 2089, 2090.

485. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne, ed. by Dom Fernand Cabrol and Dom H. Leclercq, vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, cols. 2088, 2089.

486. Macarius (L’Heureux), “Abraxus seu Apistopistus,” Antwerp, 1657, Plate XIX, No. 78 (Gorlæus, 1695, Pl. CCXVIII, No. 430).

487. Zunz, “Die gottesdienstliche Vorträge der Juden,” Berlin, 1832, p. 167. Zunz conjectures that Eleazar of Worms (1176–1238) may have written a portion of this work.

488. “Sepher de-Adam Kadmah,” Amsterdam, 1701, fol. 34 verso. The interpretations of the several names are from Schwab’s “Vocabulaire de l’angélologie,” Paris, 1897, except in the case of Ragael, where Schwab gives “angel of the moment.”

489. Barrett, “The Magus,” London, 1801, p. 138.

490. Weber, “Jüdische Theologie,” 2d ed., Leipzig, 1897.

491. Lane, “Arabian Society in the Middle Ages,” ed. by Stanley Lane-Poole, London, 1883, p. 106.

492. Schindler, “Der Aberglaube des Mittelalters,” Breslau, 1858, p. 4.

493. Peschel, “Völkerkunde,” Leipzig, 1885, p. 272. Quoted from Winwood Reade’s “Savage Africa.”

494. Achelis, “Die Martyrologien,” p. 8.

495. Parmele, “Tothe-Lore,” reprint from the International Dental Journal, January, 1899, p. 14.