Little Round Top (Mt.), the battles that rounded it, 248
Lizards, varieties in the Arizona desert, 181
London, how it owes its greatness to the transgressions of the sea, 224
Los Angeles River, how one of its tributaries plays hide-and-seek, 80
Lowell, Mass., how the Old Men of the Mountain helped build it, 34
McCloud River, why it is born half grown, 73
Maine, advance of the sea upon its coasts, 219
Mammoth, art note on, from the "Cavemen's Diary," 22;
ancient members of the elephant family that wore underclothes, 24
Manchester, Mass., how the Old Men of the Mountain built its falls, 34
Marble, how a New York City dike helps tell how marble is made, 97;
what the fossils have to say, 100;
how it is quarried, 103;
the mysteries in marble walls, 235;
when marble flows, 238;
the cloud effects in marble, 239;
how marble tells of earthquakes and other exciting things, 239
Mars (planet), 6
Meanders, engineering work of wandering rivers, 81;
meanders and the making of natural bridges, 83
Mediterranean Sea, its connection with the making of the Alps, 136
Mercury (planet), 6
Metamorphism (defined), 98
Miller, Hugh, how he found a fish inside of a stone and so found Hugh Miller, 159
Mississippi River, how the Old Men of the Mountain pushed it about, 30;
how you can jump across it, 69;
the mountains of soil it carries into the sea, 84
Mississippi River System (map), 67
Mississippi Valley, when it was at the bottom of a mediterranean sea, 10;
why the sea went away, 138
Missouri River, how it was pieced together and pushed about in the Ice Age, 29
Mohawk River, why it grew taller as it grew older, 72
Molecules, their relations to atoms and electrons, 109
Moraines, how the glaciers take them on their backs, 56
Moulins, the "mills" of the glaciers and how they are made, 55
Mountains, earliest arrivals in the mountain world, 9;
origin of bald mountains, 26;
Muir on the marvellous mountain sculpture of the snowflakes, 37;
how mountain peaks are kept sharp, 43;
rain-drops as mountain sculptors, 67;
mountains and the origin of river valleys, 69;
and the birth of partly grown rivers, 72;
mountain streams and their waterfalls, 77;
storm chorus of the mountain torrents, 78;
how mountain lakes and baby rivers go to sleep together and the liveliness of the rivers afterward, 80;
how mountains help make the water gates, 86;
why growing mountains make earthquakes, 86;
why almost all granite is found in mountain regions, 97;
the different kinds of mountains, 115;
why mountains border the sea, 134;
why they run north and south, 137;
why sea waves rise to greet the mountains, 139;
Ruskin on mountain drawing, 140;
resemblance of mountains to sea waves, 140;
how mountains helped solve the mystery of the stones of the field, 151;
sunrise in the Atlas Mountains, 163;
why desert mountains look so gaunt and hungry, 164;
why the desert winds are constantly blowing them away, 171;
mountain shapes and the law of the picturesque in Nature's art work, 229;
how the mountain chains are the making of Europe, 230;
their ups and downs, 230;
why the markings in marble tell the story of mountain building, 237;
and of mountain shaking, 239;
ancient weather records on mountain walls, 248
Mountain lakes, the blue lake in the volcano's mouth, 195;
why mountain lake storms are particularly dangerous, 202;
and why they are apt to come at night, 202
Mountain meadows, how rapidly their flowers follow the snow, 44
Mount Fujiyama, its striking resemblance to a mountain 3,000 miles away, 124
Mount Hermon, its spring that gives birth to the Jordan, 73
Mount McKinley, remarkable snap-shot of one of its avalanches, 63
Mount Pelée, its discharge of huge rocks and whirling bombs, 129;
the mysterious shaft that rose and fell, 132
Mount Ritter, its resemblance to the sacred mountain of Japan, 124
Mount Shasta, how it gives birth to a river that has no babyhood, 73;
how the mountain itself was born at the crossroads and why this is apt to happen in the case of volcanic mountains, 127
Mount Vesuvius, why, like other active volcanoes, it seems to smoke but doesn't, 126, 127
Mount Washington, its interesting colony of descendants of butterfly pilgrims of the Ice Age who missed the train, 48
Muir, John, on the wonderful team work of the snowflakes, in the Ice Age, 37;
on the liveliness of mountain streams after a little nap in mountain lakes, 80;
on the winter sleep of the mountain lakes and their glad awakening in the spring, 198
Natural bridges, various ways in which they are made by the very streams they bridge, 83, 85
Nebular Hypothesis, one of the theories as to how the world was made, 4;
how it differs from the latest theory, 6;
the Bible story compared with both theories, 17
Neptune (planet), 6
New England, how the Old Men of the Mountain plowed its farms away, 31;
and then made up for it by putting in New England's waterfalls, 32
Newton, his connection with the theory of the origin of worlds, 4
New York City, what one of its big rocks tells about marble making, 97;
what its harbor owes to the engineering of the sea, 221, 222;
the perched boulder in Bronx Park and its autograph, 250
Niagara Falls, its thousand-year clock and what it tells about the Ice Age, 35;
how the Old Men of the Mountain set the falls up in business, 36
Nitrogen, how it helped to make fresh air for the new-born world, 16
Norway, interpretation of the handwriting on the walls of its fiords, 254
Ogden Canyon, curious example of a rock fold, 238
Ohio River, how the Old Men of the Mountain helped it by turning some rivers around, 31
Omar Khayyam, answer of Science to the universal riddle that puzzled him, 261
Origin of Species. (See Evolution.)
Oxygen, its use in making the world's air, 16;
how the sea feeds oxygen to the corals, 225
Pack Rat, his remarkable fortress in the desert, 187
Paleontologists, the wizards of queer anatomies and the strange forms they conjure up from the fragments of old bones, 266
Palestine. (See Dead Sea.)
Palisades, how they were made in the "Middle Ages," 241
Pebbles, how they tell of old sea beaches on inland mountain and hill, 14;
their enormous age, 18;
dramatic stories the pebble scratches tell, 26;
how the Old Men of the Mountain used pebbles in turning New England rivers around, 31;
how pebbles helped deepen the basins of the Great Lakes, 34;
how they still help run the thousand-year clock at Niagara Falls, 35;
how they help the glaciers talk, 56;
why the pebbles of Glacier Land can't walk as the big stones do, 62;
how the river pebbles act as bankers for the farmers and the sea, 80;
how the pebbles helped dig the Grand Canyon, 82;
how they tell about doings in the Fairyland of Change, 97;
how a pebble may, in its time, play many parts, 99;
how they help unravel the secrets of the hills, 119;
how they help dying rivers multiply by two, 167;
how they report the fact that the storms on the Sea of Galilee are particularly severe, 203;
their fixed place in the rock-making system of the sea, 227;
how they tell of rough experiences in river travel, 250;
and of high winds at sea, desert sandstorms, rides on glaciers, and in what compartments they travel, 251
Peninsulas, how the drowning of rivers helps to make them, 212
Pennsylvania, autographs left by ancient reptiles in the sandstone under the coal seams, 245
Perched boulder, in Bronx Park and its autograph on its rock-bed, 250
Quartz, how it helps to make the pebble jewel-boxes—the geodes, 101
Quartzite, (defined), 98
Rain, what fossil rain-drops tell of ancient weather, 224
Rat, desert, 186
Reclus, on the motion of glaciers, 62;
on the mountain whirlpools of stones, 141;
on the severity of lake storms, 202
Reefs, coral, how the sea helps the little people build them, 225
Reptiles, with bird feet, 246
Rivers, how the Mississippi River and others were pushed about in the Ice Age, 26;
how the Old Men of the Mountain helped the Ohio by turning some rivers around, 31;
how they helped make New England a great manufacturing section by turning some other rivers around, 32;
how they helped build the "Temple of the Winds," 33;
the little boy's definition of a river system, 66;
how the sea and the rivers take turn about in emptying into each other, 66;
their wonderful work in the mountains, 67;
the Mississippi River system, 67;
how they study the work of rivers on rainy days in Boston, 68;
how you can jump across the Mississippi, 69;
what springs do for rivers, 69;
how the springs act as regulators of river flow, 72;
how rivers grow at the top, 72;
why some rivers are born partly grown, 72;
how most of Europe's rivers get their start, 73;
why many little rivers have to jump to catch the train, 74;
why all rivers flow toward the sea, 75;
beautiful way in which Ruskin tells of the response of rivers to the call of the sea, 76;
the human nature in rivers, 76;
baby ways of baby rivers, 76;
why waterfalls are found only in young streams and more often as you near the source, 76;
how rivers play in the rain, 78;
storm chorus of the mountain torrents, 78;
where to look for hiding rivers, 78;
how rivers sleep in mountain lakes and how lively they are when they wake up, 80;
why rivers grow more thrifty as they grow older; how, with the help of the pebbles, they act as bankers for the farmers and the sea, 80;
the machinery of rivers includes circular saws and dirt-spreaders, 82;
how a river dug the Grand Canyon, 82, 88;
the automatic stop in the river machinery, 83;
enormous amount of soil carried by the Mississippi into the sea, 84;
how rivers cut mountains in two, 85;
how rivers help in mining granite, 97;
how they help make hills, 117;
how they combine with the boulders to help out the artists, 157;
the land in which there are river beds without rivers and rivers without mouths, 162;
the skeletons of dead rivers and what they tell of the past history of the desert, 166;
why dying rivers multiply by two, 167;
harbor engineering of the rivers and the sea, 221;
how rivers made the Golden Gate of San Francisco and so made San Francisco, 223;
the rivers and the rock mills of the sea, 227;
the river's trade-mark on its pebbles, 250
Rocky Mountains, how they were born, 10;
their relation to the Mediterranean Sea that is no more, 135;
why they are now so far from the sea, 138;
how the mountain waves of stone resemble the waves of the sea, 140;
folded strata that illustrate Ruskin's line about the strange quivering recorded in mountain rocks, 142
Romans, some of the big things we owe to them, 270
Rose of Jericho, what it is like and how it puts to sea, 176
Round Tops (Mt.), how they are formed, 123
Ruskin, on the response of rivers to the call of the sea, 76;
on the sleep of lakes, 80;
on mountain drawing, 140;
on the strange "quivering of substance" of mountains, 141;
on the art lessons to be learned from stones, 158;
on the correct drawing of boulders, 160
Sahara Desert. (See Desert.)
St. Lawrence River, how the Old Men of the Mountain took some of its rivers away, 30;
how the Old Men used it in making the Great Lakes, 34
Salt, how Mother Nature uses it in warming over rocks, 99;
how Father Neptune uses it in his rock mills, 217
Sand, how it helped build the stone "Temple of the Winds," 33;
how Mother Nature dissolves it out of sandstone in her rock cookery, 99;
how the crystal fairies give sand grains a new lease of life, 108;
how the sand helped shape the old Indian of Mt. Abu, 147;
color of desert sand, 165;
how the desert makes its sand, 168;
"sand roses," 168
Sandstone, its place in the rock-milling system of the sea, 227
San Francisco Bay, how it was made, the two rivers that opened its Golden Gate, 222
Sea, when the seas were all in the sky, 16;
how its stratification of rock helped build the "Temple of the Winds," 33;
the Alps, like sea waves turned to stone, 50;
how the sea flows into the rivers, the endless circuit of the waters, 66;
why the rivers always get back to sea, 75;
how the pebbles help feed the sea fish and furnish material for the sea's rock mills, 81;
the Grand Canyon and the ancient sea, 88;
how the sea helps Mother Nature do the work in her rock cookery, 99;
why volcanoes and mountains border the sea, 133, 134;
why sea waves rise to greet the mountains, 139;
how sea sand grains differ from those of the desert, 173;
the rock mills of the sea, method in the madness of the on-shore waves, 212;
why the sea's chief business at first seems to be that of eating us up, 213;
the sea in literature and art, 213;
England's heavy losses to the sea, 214;
how helpless the Old Man of the Sea is without his tools, 215;
how he uses the stone-throwing engines and the battering-ram of the Romans, 216;
what he knows about wedges and pneumatic tools, 216;
the hidden enemies in the rocks of the sea, 216;
planing-mills of the winter seas, 217;
how stones are carried out to sea, 218;
how the sea has shaped Europe, 219;
the sea as a builder, why Father Neptune is like Old King Cole, 220;
harbor engineering of the rivers and the sea, 221, 222;
how the sea helped teach shore engineering to man, 223;
how it has helped make London, New York, and other great cities, 223, 224;
how Father Neptune feeds the coral people, 225;
the art work of the sea, 227, 228;
Nature's building blocks and the sea, 228;
the ups and downs of Europe's mountains under the sea, 230;
how sea tides help in recording rain-drop marks in stone, 244
Sea caves, what they told about how the continents came up out of the sea, 14
Sea of Galilee, why its storms come so suddenly and usually at night, 202, 203;
how the pebbles on its shores tell that these storms are severe, 203;
why it parted company with the Dead Sea, 206
Sea-shells, how some of them tell how marble is made, 100
Seismograph, the device for getting the autograph of earthquakes, 240
Shakespere, how he emphasizes the rough side of Father Neptune's nature, 213;
on the man and the swallowing waves, 219;
his reference to the greatness of Mr. Cæsar, 252
Shaler, Dr., on the stone autographs of rain-drops, how they throw light on the climate of ancient days, 246
Shasta River, why it is born partly grown, 73
Sierra Nevada Mountains, Muir on how the snowflakes helped carve them, 37
Silica, its use by Mother Nature in making sandstone, grass, wheat, and corn, 99
Slate, and the Fairyland of Change, 98;
its place in the rock mills of the sea, 227;
ancient autographs found in slate, 245
Sodom and Gomorrah, the Bible story of their destruction and what Science has to say about it, 208
Soil, how it was made in the beginning of things, 11;
how the Old Men of the Mountain carried New England's best farms away, 31;
how river pebbles act as bankers for the farmers, 80;
how the sea helps make good farming land, 222;
Nature's art work and the making of soil, 229
Solar system, how it was discovered that there are worlds of worlds, 4;
Laplace's theory as to the origin of the Solar system, 4;
the planetessimal theory, 6
Soldanella, the flower of the Alps that blooms its way up through the ice, 45
Special Creation theory, 265
Spiders, the tarantula and the tarantula killer, 181;
the spiders of the Arizona desert, 182;
how the trap-door spider slams the door in the centipede's face, 182
Spontaneous variation, the scientific modification of the old "Special Creation" theory, 274
Springs, not only start rivers in life but go on feeding them, 69;
how rain-drops stored in big stone safes keep the springs going, 69;
springs that work like a town pump, 70;
hot springs and the geysers, 165
Stratification, defined; how it helped make the "Temple of the Winds," 33;
how it helps in marble quarrying, 103;
as shown in the "Marble Rocks" at Jabalpur, 105;
how it helps in the making over of rock in the sea's mills, 217
Stratus clouds, their counterparts in marble and what these marble cloud pictures mean, 239
Striæ, scratches made in rocks by glaciers, and how they helped to disclose the great secret that there was an Ice Age, 121;
the big boulder's autograph in Bronx Park, New York City, 250
Tarantula, and the life struggle in the desert, 181
Terraces, what they tell about the tipping up of the Great Lakes once upon a time, 253
Tides, in lakes and in teacups, 201;
and the harbor and shore engineering of the sea, 221, 225;
how they help preserve the autographs of ancient rain-drops, ancient reptiles, and other things, 244
"Transgressions" of the sea, defined, 218;
how they help to make great cities, 223;
how they help in the art work of the sea, 227
"Umbrella Parties," an interesting form of geography study in Boston, 68
Uranus (planet), 6
Valleys, how crooked rivers broaden them, 82
Venus (planet), 6
Vesuvius, why it seems to smoke but doesn't, 126, 127
Volcanoes, what they tell about the inside of the earth, 3;
why volcanoes were more numerous in early days, 16;
difference between ordinary mountains and volcanic mountains, 114, 123;
the volcanic mountains in the Sahara and the "Baths of the Damned," 165;
the blue lake in the volcano's mouth, 194;
volcanoes and "the fire from heaven" in the Bible story of Lot, 209;
how volcanic explosions help to cause transgressions of the sea, 219;
Mr. Vulcan's famous castle on the Hudson, 241
Vulture, his wonderful abilities as a flying machine, 182
Wasp, desert, how it disposes of the tarantula, 181
Waterfalls, how the Old Men of the Mountain put them in for New England, to make up for carrying her farms away, 31;
how they set Niagara Falls up in business and started the thousand-year time clock, 35, 36;
why the Bridal Veil Falls in the Yosemite has to jump to catch the train, 74;
why waterfalls are found only in young streams and oftenest near the source, 76
Water Gaps, how the rivers cut them with the help of pebbles, 85
Weathering, examples of, 33, 60, 97, 147, 228, 229, 231, 241, 243, 248
Wind, how it helped carve the "Temple of the Winds," 33;
how it helps make pillars for perched rocks, 60;
how it helped carve the strange old Indian of Mt. Abu, 147;
how it helps the desert in trade-marking its sand, 173;
the wind witches of the Steppes, 178;
why lake wind storms are particularly dangerous, 202;
the winds and the night storms on the Sea of Galilee, 202;
how winds help fill up the sea, 219;
stone autographs of ancient breezes, 247;
pebble faceted by wind-blown sand, 252;
wind ripples, 248
Wren, desert, how she locks her front door against her bad neighbors, 177
Wyoming, the ancient bones found in its soil and the wonderful story they told about horses, 266
Xenophanes, the wise old Greek who first suggested that the mountains had risen out of the sea, 13
Yosemite Valley, why the rivers of the little valleys have to jump to catch the train, 74