[P. 150.]
WOMEN IN THE MIDDLE COMEDY FRAGMENTS.
(Plays in italics and marked with an asterisk are wholly lost. Of those in italics no fragment of importance is preserved.)
Plays named after Hetaerae:—Antea?, Archestrata?, Chrysis, Malthace, Melitta, Neottis, Philotis.
Plays dealing apparently with a similar class of society:—Acestria, Aleiptria, Anterosa, Auletris?, Corinthia?, Curis?, Dyserotes, Halieuomene?, Hydria, Mystis?, Neanisci.
Plays relating to erotic mythological subjects:—Aeolus, Andromeda?, Antea?, Arcas?, Caeneus?, Glaucus, Melanion (the misogynist, cp. Aristoph. Lys. 784), Meleager?, Omphale?, Phaon?
Other plays, the titles of which suggest erotic incidents: Acontizomene?, Aphrodisius?, Asoti?, Delia?, Epiclerus?, Gamus?, Harpazomene?, Lemniae, Moechi, Sappho (in the fragments the poetess merely appears as asking riddles).
Acontizomene. The drunkenness of women.
Aeolus 1. Parody of the prologue of the Canace of Euripides.
Agroecus 2. Meretrix magnum malum.
Aleiptria. The servant-girl threatens to pour hot water over some rude visitors.
Arcas 2. Mention of the Hetaera Sinope, perhaps under her nickname of Abydos.
Asclepios. An old woman induced to take medicine under the idea that it is wine.
Asoti. Mulier ducit virum.
Bacchae. The drunkenness of wives.
Boeotia. A man urges a girl to try a citron at dessert. (Copied by Eriphus, Meliboea 1. Cp. Eubulus, Campylion 5.)
Butalion. A girl (?) from the country is asked to order dinner. Cp. Acestria (where read φιλτάτη in l. 3?), and Alexis, Homoea.
Cepurus. Mention of the Hetaera Sinope.
Chrysis. 1, 2. Description of a wealthy lover.
Coroplathus. An obscene allusion.
Drapetagogus. A woman’s way of eating.
Dyspratus 1. A woman’s stinginess to her slaves. (Cp. Epicrates, Dyspratus.)
Glaucus. Reference to a vesticontubernium.
Halieuomene 1. A long fragment addressed by the fish-seller to her slave (containing various puns on the names of Hetaerae and their lovers.)
Hydria 1. The praises of a true Hetaera.
Malthace. The excuses of an Hetaera.
Melitta. A merchant who boasts of his wealth.
Metragyrtes. A girl washing a man’s feet.
Misoponerus. Complaints as to the trouble a baby is in the house.
Mystis 3. A man inviting a woman to drink, apparently to excess. (Cp. Athen. x. 441 C; Eubul. Campyl. 5; Anacreont. iv. 12, μύστις νάματος ἡ Κύπρις ὑμεναίοις κροτοῦσα.)
Neanisci 2. A girl arguing with her mother on the relative values of her poor and her wealthy lover (?).
Neottis 3. Mention of Sinope.
Omphale 3. Heracles ordering his dinner of Omphale.
Philometor. Praises of a mother. (Cp. Alexis, Incert. 35.)
Philopator. Marriage compared to death.
Zacynthius. The pleasure of having one’s feet washed by a woman. (Cp. Pherecrates, Thalatta, 7, and supra p. 128.)
Incert. 12. Love cannot be concealed.
13. Homoeopathic cure for a wife.
51. Praise of love. (Also in Theophilus, Philaulus.)
52. Marriage the last of ills.
53. The burden of a rich wife.
54. The one thing in which you can trust a woman is, that when she is dead she will not come to life again—nothing else.
55. The one advantage of ophthalmia is that you can’t see your wife.
57. To tell a secret to a woman is like telling it to the town-crier.
71. An old man must forego the pleasures of love.
95. κασωρὶς ἡ πόρνη.
The following titles of plays suggest erotic subjects:—Aeschra (name of an Hetaera), Anchises, Anteron, Citharistria, Helene, Locrides?, Melilotus?, Protesilaus.
Gerontomania 1. Two old men discuss Lais and the other ladies they used to know in their youth.
Odysseus 1. Women are attracted by good dinners.
Tereus 2. An allusion suggestive of Theocr. i. 87.
3. A royal bride.
Theseus 2. A girl is easily pleased.
Incert. 1. The troubles of being married.
5. A father tells his daughter that a wife should not leave her husband.
9. Women are slaves of pleasure.
10. Love the best schoolmaster. (Cp. Alex. Incert. 38, where, however, the image is somewhat different.)
13. An unmarried daughter is a terrible thing. (Cp. 17.)
Plays named after Hetaerae:—Chrysilla, Clepsydra* (so called because she used to regulate the duration of her favours by the clock), Nannion, Neottis, Plangon.
Plays dealing with mythological erotic subjects:—Anchises?, Echo?, Europe?, Ixion?, Nausicaa?, Pelops?, Procris?
Other plays which seem to have dealt with erotic subjects:—Astyti?, Campylion, Mylothris?, Orthane, Pamphilus, Pannychis, Pornoboscus, Psaltria, Stephanopolides.
Ancylion 3. Kisses mentioned among the prizes at a “pannychis.”
Campylion. Vide supra, p. 155.
Cercopes 1. The dangerous attractions of Corinth, narrated by a traveller.
Chrysilla 1. The folly of marrying again.
2. An attempted defence of women breaks down.
Nannion. The folly of adultery. (Vide supra, p. 158.)
Orthane. A party of ladies and gentlemen come together to celebrate a sacrifice to Orthane.
Pamphilus 1. A man takes up his station at the window of an inn to watch the proceedings of a lady opposite. (Cp. Ter. Phormio i. 2, 38 seqq.)
3. The drinking capacities of the lady’s chaperone.
Pannychis. A description of Hetaerae, in part the same as in Nannion.
Pornoboscus 1. A woman describes her keeper.
Sphingocarion 2. Women anointing a man’s feet.
3. A lady excuses her absence on the previous evening (?).
Stephanopolides 1. A flower girl (?) ridicules the cosmetics of the professional Hetaerae.
2. The pleasures of love from a woman’s point of view. (A very graceful passage, with an allusion to the legend of Cissus and Ololygon.)
3, 4. The flower-girls making up and selling their garlands. (Another pretty passage, with perhaps an allusion to the Hetaera Nannion under her name of Aegidion.)
Incert. 3. Why do girls prefer old wine, but young men?
9. A woman in a passion.
20. A man excuses himself and goes home.
25. Mention of the festival Stenia, at which the Athenian women used to abuse one another. (Cp. Theopompus, Aphrodisia 1; supra, p. 148.)
Plays named after Hetaerae:—Agonis, Atthis?, Choregis, Dorcis?, Isostasium, Lampas, Meropis?, Opora, Pamphile, Pezonice, Polycleia, Ponera?
Plays on mythological erotic subjects:—Atalanta, Galatea, Helenes Harpage, Helenes Mnesteres, Hesione, Iasis?.
Other plays apparently dealing with erotic subjects:—Achaeis?, Apocoptomenus, Bostrychus?, Brettia?, Cnidia?, Curis, Epiclerus?, Hypnus, Lemnia?, Leucadia? (can this play have dealt with the proceedings of the comic poet Nicostratus?), Mandragorizomene, Olynthia, Orchestris, Pallace, Phaedrus, Philocalus, Philusa, Poëtria?, Traumatias.
Agonis. Vide supra, p. 156.
Apocoptomenus 1. Lovers have wings and Love has none.
Cleobuline. A mention of the Hetaera Sinope.
Curis 1, 2. A father of two sons, one highly respectable, the other less so.
Dropides. An Hetaera brings in a decanter of sweet wine during dinner.
Graphe. The story of the man who fell in love with the statue at Samos. (It would be obvious to suggest that in this play a man is introduced who falls in love with a picture. More probably, however, this passage comes from the speech of some painter who is extolling his art, possibly to some lady, in the way Ovid used to do. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 397 seqq., 533 seqq., etc.)
Gynaecocratia. Perhaps introduced women in the theatre, like the Scenas Catalambanusae of Aristophanes.
Helene. A mock (?) Platonic view of love. (Vide supra, p. 161.)
Hesione 2. The heroine complains that, as soon as Heracles saw that his dinner was ready, he ceased to take any notice of her.
Homoea. A girl is asked to order dinner.
Hypnus 1. Two women asking one another riddles.
Isostasium 1. An attack on the artificiality of Hetaerae.
Lampas. The protest of an angry father at his son’s extravagance. (Cp. Mnesimach. Dyscolus.)
Lyciscus 1. A mention of the Hetaera Pythionice.
Mandragorizomene 5. A lover visits his sick lady. The whole play seems to have turned on a subject of this kind (cp. Fr. 2), and calls to mind pictures like that in Ovid, Ars Amat. ii. 319 seqq., especially 333 seqq.
Manteis. The slavery of marriage.
Meropis. A lady complains of the late arrival of someone, perhaps her maid.
Olynthia 1, 2. The poor circumstances of the heroine’s family.
Orchestris. All that women want is plenty of wine.
Pallace. Perhaps the answer of the husband to his indignant wife.
Pamphile. The proper food for a lover. (Cp. Incert. 18.)
Phaedrus 1. The nature of love.
Philocalos. A stingy man inviting ladies to dinner.
Philusa 1. The Aphrodisia.
Tarantini 5. An allusion to the Hetaera Nannion.
Thrason. A talkative woman.
Traumatias 2. Only lovers really live.
Incert. 14. A repetition of the remark of Eubulus (Incert. 3) on the inconsistency of women in preferring old wine and young men.
18. The proper food for a lover. (Cp. Pamphile.)
26. Inviting a woman to drink.
31. The three pleasures of life.
34. Marriage worse than disfranchisement.
35. One’s mother is deserving of the highest respect. (Cp. Antiphanes, Philometor.)
38. Love the best tutor. (Cp. Anaxandr. Incert. 10, where, however, the image is slightly different.)
39. Nothing is more shameless than a woman—as I know from my own wife.
40. Nothing is so difficult to guard as a woman.
53. The word διαπεπαρθενευκότα.
Several plays satirising women, such as the Acco* (the silly woman), the Gynaecocratia and the Gynaecomania.
The Scholiast of Germanicus’ Aratea quotes the legends of Zeus and Callisto (p. 38), and of the Dog Star and Opora (p. 76) from Amphis; these legends seem to have occurred in plays now lost.[369]
Of the Sappho no important fragment is preserved.
Amphicrates. A confidential slave arguing with his young master on the folly of the latter’s attachment to a certain lady.
Athamas. The inevitable superiority of the Hetaera over the wife.
Curis 1, 2. An Hetaera who deserves to be rich, more than Sinope and the others who are.
Dithyrambus 2. Ridicule of “Platonic” love.
Gynaecocratia. The liberated husband. (It is easy to imagine how the outraged wife breaks in upon this happy party, something after the manner of Cynthia in Prop. iv. 8.)
Gynaecomania. Seems to suggest a similar scene, if indeed, the two plays be not one and the same.
Ialemus 1. An invective against lettuces.
The Adonis and the Caeneus dealt with erotic legends, as is plain from Fr. 1 of the former and Fr. 4 of the latter. The same is perhaps true of the Panos Gonae (Fr. 2.) The Hymenaeus contained a description of a wedding (Fr. 2), and the Parthenidion* may also have dealt with erotic subjects.
The Pandrosus introduces (Fr. 2, 3) an elderly gentleman supping with a lady, among whose acquaintances is numbered Ocimum (Fr. 1).
Incert. 9 describes a prude.
Besides these, the titles Anterosa, Habra, and the corrupt Otis,* seem to suggest erotic subjects.
In the Atalanta, the fragment which it is usual to assign to a parasite might perhaps be assigned to the heroine of the piece, who would thus appear in her legendary character of the “advanced woman,”, something like the lady in Juvenal vi. 246 seqq., 425 seqq.
Corinthiastes. The superiority of Hetaerae to Gametae. (He repeats the remark in Cynagis 3.)
Cynagis 1. A list of veteran Hetaerae.
2. Old age is no excuse for giving up pleasure.
Meleager. A dance not suitable for unmarried ladies.
Empole 1. A pretty picture of a woman (an Hetaera, of course,) coaxing away a man’s trouble. Empole 2. The same (?) urging on a disorderly member of the party the advantages of harmony.
Ephebi 3. Proceedings commence with the ladies having a drink all round.
Philyra (named after the Hetaera) 2. The heroine (?) coaxing an elderly gentleman to commit what he considers an extravagance. (Fr. 3 seems to suggest that a younger lover appeared on the scene and expressed himself as jealous.)
Sappho. How to recognise a πόρνος.
Neottis 1. A violent invective against the whole race of Hetaerae, mentioning various names.
2. The difference between an Hetaera and a Porne.
Incert. 2. Rebuke of a jealous lover (?).
3. The sign of an abandoned woman.
4, 5. Remarks on a woman’s toilet.
6. A system of coiffure.
Callonides. The folly of marrying a second time.
Iatrus 2. An Hetaera’s door is shut to a man without money (l. 1, leg. διαπετεῖς pro διοπετεῖς).
Pythagoristes 2. The gods have driven Love out of heaven, and clipped his wings, so that he stays on earth.
Antilais 2. A savage attack upon Lais.
3. A list of erotic writers whose poems one learns by heart.
Chorus. A man cheated by a lena.
Dyspratus. Women’s stinginess towards slaves (cp. Antiphanes, Dyspratus). O demens, ita servus homo est?
Omphale. The heroine (?) appears dilating on the pleasures of a life of ease, with a view to seducing Heracles.
The Titanes also seems to have dealt with erotic subjects.
Philinna. One thing, at least, you can trust a woman—that she won’t drink water.
Moschion. A mention of Sinope.
Incert. Better a well-educated wife without money than one who does not know how to behave with.
Meliboea 1. A man giving a girl some citrons at dessert. (Cp. Antiphanes, Boeotia.) Fr. 2 seems to belong to the same scene.
Incert. The cities of Greece, allegorised as women are entertained and made drunk by Abulia, Democratia, and Aristocratia.
Xenizon. Mention of a certain gluttonous Helen.
Philargyri. A woman’s powers of persuasion.
The Paracatathece and the Syntrechontes both seem to have had erotic plots.
Incert. An elaborate eulogy of Love, which does not read like the work of a comic poet.
Epistolae 1. A lover’s comic enthusiasm.
Icarii 1, 2. Pythionice and her lovers.
Marathonii. The pleasures of seduction. (Cp. p. 159, note.)
Neaera 1. An unfortunate lover of Phryne.
Orestautocleides 1. Autocleides the paederast appears surrounded by Hetaerae, in the character of Orestes and the Erinnyes. (Cp. Mein. Com. Fr. i. 432.)
Philodicastes. Mention of a new regulation by which the γυναικονόμοι had to inspect entertainments, to see that they were respectable.
Sappho. An allusion to Misgolas (cp. supra, p. 157).
Butalion. A childless house.
Hypnus. Happy cicadas, for their females are dumb.
Pentathlus 1. The folly of adultery (cp. Eubulus, Nannion).
2, 3. Woman’s power of drinking.
Priapus. An earnest drinker.
Scythae 1. The effects of a rival (?).
Neoptolemus 1. A young wife does not suit an old husband.
Philaulus 1. Love for a maiden (a citharistria) described with considerable enthusiasm. (The first four lines = Antiph. Incert. 51.)
2. An anxious father (?) hopes that his son will not fall into the hands of the Hetaerae.