[2855] Dio Cass. xl. 46. 2.

[2856] Ibid, and 56. 1; cf. 30. 1.

[2857] P. 381.

[2858] Hirschfeld, in Klio, iv (1904). 76-87; Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 720 ff.

[2859] It suffices to mention (1) the unpassed bill of C. Lucilius Hirrus and M. Coelius Vinicianus, 53 (in rivalry with a tribunician rogation for the establishment of tribuni militum consulari potestate), to name Pompey dictator; Cic. Fam. viii. 4. 3; Q. Fr. iii. 8. 4; Plut. Pomp. 54.—(2) The repeal of the Clodian plebiscite of 58 concerning the censorial stigma (p. 445) by a law of Q. Caecilius Metellus, colleague of Pompey in 52; Dio Cass. xl. 57. 1.—(3) The unpassed bill of the famous P. Clodius, praetor in 52, concerning the suffrage of the libertini—somewhat similar to the Manilian law of 67 (p. 433); Ascon. 52; Schol. Bob. 346.—(4) Possibly a lex Scribonia de usucapione servitutum was the work of C. Scribonius Curio, tribune in 50, though more probably it belongs to an earlier date; p. 424, n. 4.—(5) An unpassed alimentary rogation of the same Scribonius for ordering the aediles to control the weights and measures of the markets in a way to give justice to the poor; Cic. Fam. viii. 6. 5; App. B. C. ii. 27. 102.—(6) Another unpassed Scribonian bill for limiting the travelling expenses of senators; Cic. Att. vi. 1. 25.—(7) An unpassed Scribonian bill concerning the Campanian land; Cic. Fam. viii. 10. 4.—(8) An unpassed Scribonian rogatio viaria, like the agrarian rogation of Servilius Rullus (p. 435); Cic. Fam. viii. 6. 5.—(9) An unpassed Scribonian bill for confiscating the realm of King Juba; Caes. B. C. ii. 25; Dio Cass. xli. 41. 3. One or two other unpassed bills of the same tribune are still less important.

[2860] Dio Cass. xli. 36. 1 f.; Caes. B. C. ii. 21; App. B. C. ii. 48. 196; Plut. Caes. 37.

[2861] Caes. B. C. iii. 2; App. B. C. ii. 48. 196 f.; Plut. Caes. 37.

[2862] Here seems to belong the plebiscite of A. Hirtius concerning the partisans of Pompey (Cic. Phil. xiii. 16. 32; CIL. i. p. 627 f.; Willems, Sén. Rom. i. 592), though Mommsen (CIL. l. c.) assigns it to 46.

[2863] Dio. Cass. xlii. 20.

[2864] Ibid. 21. That his appointment was for an indefinite time, not for a year as Dio Cassius, ibid. 20, states, is proved by CIL. i.² p. 28, 41. He held the office till news of the victory at Thapsus reached Rome.

[2865] Dio Cass. xlii. 20.

[2866] Dio Cass. xliii. 14; cf. Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 48 f.

[2867] Dio Cassius, xliii. 42-6, describes them at great length, whereas Suetonius, Caes. 76, is content with a brief enumeration.

[2868] Dio Cass. xliii. 44; CIL. ix. 2563; cf. Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. ii. 767, n. 1.

[2869] The right to the consulship was granted according to Dio Cassius, xliii. 45. 1 (προεχειρίσαντο), by a vote of the people. In general it is impossible to determine which senatus consulta for conferring these and future honors were ratified by the comitia. The perpetual dictatorship was assumed February, 44; Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 739.

[2870] Dio Cass. xliv. 5. 3.

[2871] Ibid. 7. 3; Suet. Caes. 52. 3. Two laws of the consul M. Antonius were also enacted in his honor, the first changing the name of the month Quinctilis to Julius (Macrob. Sat. i. 12. 34), the second dedicating to Caesar the fifth day of the Roman games (Cic. Phil. ii. 43. 110).

[2872] Cf. Bondurant, Dec. Jun. Brut. 40.

[2873] Caes. B. C. iii. 1; Cic. Att. vii. 11. 1.

[2874] Caes. B. C. iii. 1; Suet. Caes. 42; Dio Cass. xli. 37 f.; App. B. C. ii. 48. 198; Plut. Caes. 37. Possibly the lex Iulia de bonorum cessione (Gaius iii. 78; Theod. Cod. iv. 20; Justin. Cod. vii. 71. 4) may be identical with this law.

[2875] Dio Cass. xli. 38. 1 f.; Cic. Att. ix. 9. 4.

[2876] Agitation leading to this measure found expression in a rogation of M. Caelius Rufus, praetor in 48, for the payment of debts in six years without interest (Caes. B. C. iii. 20) and somewhat later in a rogation for an extensive, perhaps complete, abolition of debts (Caes. B. C. iii. 21; Livy, ep. cxi; Vell. ii. 68. 1 f.; Dio Cass. xlii. 22-5); in a rogation of P. Cornelius Dolabella, tribune of the plebs in 47, for the complete abolition of debts (Livy, ep. cxiii; Plut. Ant. 9; Dio Cass. xlii. 29. 32); and in rogations by these two officials respectively for the remission of rents (treated by the sources in connection with their bills on insolvency).

[2877] Suet. Caes. 38; Dio Cass. xlii. 51. 1.

[2878] On the similar measure of Octavianus, see p. 459. See also Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 694; iii. 435.

[2879] This measure seems to have been brought about by no law but merely through his censorial power; Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 448; Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 557.

[2880] A Julian colonial law is mentioned by Lex Col. Genet. 97. The veterans were settled in Italy probably under the agrarian law of 59; Suet. Caes. 81. 1. The known colonies founded under the dictatorial law are included in Kornemann’s list, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encycl. iv. 524 ff.; cf. Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 604-6. His most famous colonies were Carthage (App. Lib. 136; Dio Cass. xliii. 50. 3 f.; Plut. Caes. 57; Strabo xvii. 3. 5) and Corinth (Dio Cass. ibid. § 4; Plut. ibid.; Strabo viii. 6. 3; xvii. 3. 15; Paus. ii. 1. 2; 3. 1). The colonia Genetiva Iulia Urbanorum in Spain was founded in 44 after the death of Caesar, but iussu C. Caesaris dict. imp. et lege Antonia senat(us)que c(onsulto) pl(ebi)que (scito)—by a consular law of Antonius for the founding of the colony, supplemented by a plebiscite of unknown authorship.

The inscription known as the lex Coloniae Genetivae Iuliae (CIL. ii. supplb. 5439; Bruns, Font. Iur. 123-40; Girard, Textes, 87-103) is a part of the lex data (§ 67), or charter, granted the colony by its founder. It was called Urbanorum because it was made up of proletarians from Rome; cf. Kornemann, ibid. 527.

[2881] Suet. Caes. 42. At the same time measures were taken to prevent those residents of Italy who were liable to military service from absenting themselves unduly from the country. To give employment to the poor, the owners of herds were ordered to make up one-third of their shepherds from freemen; ibid.

[2882] Dio Cass. xli. 18. 2; xliv. 47. 4; Plut. Caes. 37; Suet. Caes. 41; cf. Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 416.

[2883] Caes. B. C. iii. 1; cf. Suet. Caes. 41.

[2884] Cic. Phil. xii. 4. 10; Tac. Ann. xi. 24; Dio Cass. xli. 36. 3; cf. xxxvii. 9. 3-5. Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. iii. 134; 159, n. 1; Krüger-Brissaud, Sourc. d. droit Rom. 97, for the authorship of the law.

The so-called lex Rubria de Gallia Cisalpina (CIL. i. 205 = xi. 1146; Bruns, Font. Iur. 98-102; Girard, Textes, 70-76) seems to be a lex data, probably of 49 [Mommsen, in Wiener Studien, xxiv (1902). 238 f.; Ephem. Ep. ix. 1903. p. 4]. As the lex Rubria cited in § 20 is not this document but an earlier plebiscite, the name of the author has not been determined. It regulated the administration of justice in Cisalpina, which remained a province till 42. The fragment of a law found at Ateste (Bruns, ibid. 102 f.; Girard, Textes, (76-8) is of the same nature and belongs to the same period, though probably not to the Rubrian law itself, as Mommsen (Hermes, xvi. 24-41) once assumed.

[2885] Dio Cass. xli. 24. 1; cf. Livy, ep. cx. The monarchical quality of his rule shows itself in his bestowal of the citizenship on individuals at his own pleasure; cf. Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. iii. 134.

In 44 the lex Iulia de Siculis, published by Antonius after the death of Caesar, gave the full citizenship to the Sicilians, who had received the Latinitas from Caesar. This law, Antonius asserted, had been carried through the comitia by the dictator, whereas Cicero, Att. xiv. 12. 1, states positively that no mention was even made of such a proposition in the dictator’s lifetime.

[2886] Dio Cass. xlii. 51. 4; Suet. Caes. 41; wrongly Pomponius, in Dig. i. 2. 2. 2. 32. The two additional aediles (cereales) were not instituted till 44; Dio Cass. xliii. 51. 3.

[2887] Dio Cass. xlii. 51. 3; cf. Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 437; p. 416 above. The addition of one to the fifteen members of the great sacerdotal colleges (Dio Cass. ibid.; cf. Cic. Fam. xiii. 68. 2) refers to his right to commend candidates for supernumerary membership (Wissowa, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encycl. ii. 2317), and hence does not imply a comitial act.

[2888] Cic. Phil. vii. 6. 16.

[2889] Suet. Caes. 41; cf. Dio Cass. xliii. 51. 3. The pretext was the impending Parthian war. In 46 he had been given the right to name all the magistrates but had rejected it; Dio Cass. xliii. 14. 5; 45. 1; 47. 1; cf. Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 612, n. 3.

[2890] Livy, ep. cxvi; Dio Cass. xliv. 10. 1-3; xlvi. 49. 2. In the following year a tribune was similarly deposed by a plebiscite of P. Titius, a colleague (Dio Cass. xlvi. 49. 1); and in 43, before the establishment of the triumvirate, the city praetor was deprived of his office by his colleagues, probably through a comitial act; App. B. C. iii. 95. 394 f.; Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. i. 630, n. 4.

[2891] P. 427.

[2892] Suet. Caes. 41; Dio Cass. xliii. 25. 1. Cicero, Phil. i. 8. 19, intimates, without positively stating, that this was a centuriate law; p. 236 above.

[2893] Cf. Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 455; Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 558.

[2894] We are informed that he increased the penalties for crimes, and enacted that a person condemned to exile should forfeit half his estate, and the murderer of a relative the whole; Suet. Caes. 42; cf. Dio Cass. xliv. 49. 3.

[2895] Cic. Phil. i. 9. 23.

[2896] The Julian laws on these subjects in the Digesta, xlviii. 4 (de maiestate), 6 f. (de vi) prove by their contents to belong to Augustus; Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 560. 4; cf. Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 455. The leges Iuliae which abolished what remained of the legis actiones (Gaius iv. 30) are also supposed to belong to Augustus; Poste, Gaius, 474.

[2897] Cic. Att. xiii. 7.

[2898] Cic. Fam. ix. 15. 5; 26. 3; Suet. Caes. 43.

[2899] Cic. Att. xii. 35; 36. 1.

[2900] Cic. Att. xiii. 7; Suet. Caes. 43; Dio Cass. xliii. 25. 2; cf. Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 559; Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 450. The officials failed to enforce it effectively; Suet. ibid.

[2901] P. 164.

[2902] Dio Cass. xliii. 25; Cic. Phil. i. 8. 9; iii. 15. 38; v. 3. 7; viii. 9. 28. The lex Iulia et Titia, which gave provincial governors the right to name tutors (Gaius i. 185, 195; Ulp. xi. 18; frag. d. Sin. 20; Inst. i. 20) may be a part of the lex de provinciis (Voigt, Röm. Rechtsgesch. i. 840 f.), or a supplement to it. The expression may refer either to one law or to two related laws. The Julian lex de liberis legationibus, limiting their duration (Cic. Att. xv. 11. 4), also belongs to 46.

[2903] CIL. i. 206; Bruns, Font. Iur. 104-13; Dessau, ii. 6085; Girard, Textes, 78-87. The extant fragment, originally known as the Table of Heraclea (Lucania) from the place where it was found, is inscribed on a bronze tablet now in the National Museum at Naples. As it disqualified for office any who had taken part in the proscriptions (§ 121), it must have followed the downfall of the Cornelian régime in 70, and the mention of the month Quinctilis (§ 98) proves that it preceded the renaming of that month in 43. A reference to one of its provisions (§§ 94, 104) by Cicero, Fam. vi. 18. 1 (Jan., 45) as of a law freshly passed, proves it to be no later than January, 45; cf. Savigny, Verm. Schr. iii (1850). 279-412; Karlowa, Röm. Rechtsgesch. i. 438; Girard, Textes, 78. It must have been passed, therefore, before Caesar set out for Spain, about November, 46; Drumann-Gröbe, Gesch. Roms, iii. 569.

[2904] For the various hypotheses, see Hackel, in Wiener Studien, xxiv (1902). 552-62.

[2905] Kalb, in Jahresb. ü. Altwiss. 1906. 37. The identification of this law with the lex Iulia municipalis cited in an inscription found at Padua (CIL. v. 2864) and with the lex municipalis of the Digesta (1. 9. 3; Cod. vii. 9. 1), proposed by Savigny, ibid., is not certain; Girard, Textes, 78.

[2906] Lex Iul. Mun. 1-19.

[2907] Lex Iul. Mun. 20-82.

[2908] Ibid. 83-142.

[2909] Ibid. 143-59.

[2910] Ibid. 160-4.

[2911] Savigny, Verm. Schr. iii. 329, was of the opinion that the inclusion of articles 1 and 2 with articles 3-5 formed a lex satura (p. 396) having no other motive than convenience. Hackel, Wien. Stud. xxiv. 560, supposes that Caesar had intended to bring the provisions of this measure before the comitia as two separate laws, but in his haste to be off for Spain, combined them in one. At all events the interpretation given above is true of the result if not of the intention.

[2912] Many of his regulations were effected through edicts. Such were probably the imposition of duties on goods imported into Italy—an abolition of the law of 60 (Suet. Caes. 43; cf. p. 438), the leasing of the emery mines in Crete (Dig. xxxix. 4. 15), and the suppression of the collegia which had been organized under the Clodian law of 58; Suet. Caes. 42; Joseph. Ant. Iud. xiv. 10. 8. 213 ff.; Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 435; Liebenam, Röm. Vereinswes. 27.

[2913] Cic. Phil. v. 4. 10; App. B. C. iii. 5. 16; 22. 81; Dio Cass. xliv. 53. 2; xlv. 23. After the Antonian laws had been annulled by the senate, February, 43, on the ground that they had been passed with violence and contrary to the auspices (Cic. Phil. vi. 2. 3; Dio Cass. xlv. 27), the acts of Caesar are confirmed anew by a centuriate law of C. Vibius Pansa, consul in that year; Cic. Phil. x. 8. 17; Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 526. The policy of using the departed Caesar as a means of self-aggrandizement readily lent itself to Octavianus, at whose instigation Q. Pedius, his colleague in the consulship in 43, caused a comitial act to be passed for the establishment of a special court to try the murderers of the dictator. The act specified the punishment to be inflicted on the guilty and offered rewards to informers; Vell. ii. 69. 5; Suet. Ner. 3; Galb. 3; Dio Cass. xlvi. 48 f.; App. B. C. iii. 95; Aug. Mon. Ancyr. i. 10; Mommsen, Röm. Strafr. 199.

The lex Rufrena in honor of Caesar (CIL. i. 626) probably belongs to 42; Lange, ibid. 556; Herzog, Röm. Staatsverf. ii. 89, n. 3. In te same year falls the lex of the triumvirs which changed the birthday of Caesar from July 12 to 5 (Fowler, Rom. Fest. 174) and compelled all to celebrate it; Dio Cass. xlvii. 18. 5.

[2914] Cic. Phil. v. 4. 10; Lex Col. Genet. 104.

[2915] Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 499. After this law had been annulled by a senatus consultum (p. 457, n. 7), the settlements made by Antonius were confirmed by a centuriate law of C. Vibius Pansa, consul in 43; Cic. Phil. xiii. 15. 31.

[2916] Dio Cass. xlv. 9. 1.

[2917] Cicero, Phil. v. 3. 7, says all Italy; 7. 20; vi. 5. 13.

[2918] Ibid. v. 7. 21; vi. 5. 14; viii. 9. 26; xii. 9. 23.

[2919] Ibid. v. 7. 21; vii. 6. 17.

[2920] Ibid. ii. 38. 99; v. 12. 33; Alt. xv. 19. 2.

[2921] Cic. Phil. v. 3; vi. 5. 14; xi. 6. 13.

[2922] Dio Cass. xliv. 53. 7; cf. Livy, ep. cxvii; Vell. ii. 63. 1; cf. p. 341, 391. No comitial act is suggested, and it may have been one of the false laws of Caesar. Ferrero’s theory (Rome, iii. 38) has nothing in its favor.

[2923] P. 455.

[2924] Cic. Phil. i. 8. 19; v. 5 f.; viii. 9. 27; cf. Greenidge, Leg. Proced. 449 f. This law with his others was annulled in the following year by the senate; Cic. xiii. 3. 5; p. 457, n. 7.

[2925] Cic. Phil. i. 9. 21 f.

[2926] Ibid.

[2927] Cic. Phil. v. 4. 10; p. 457, n. 7. The lex Antonia on the dictatorship was doubtless renewed by a lex Vibia; Cic. l. c.

[2928] Dio Cass. xlvi. 55. 3.

[2929] Aug. Mon. Ancyr. i. 8; App. B. C. iv. 7. 27; Herzog, Röm. Staatsverf. ii. 84, 89.

[2930] Dio Cass, xlvii. 15. 4 (ἐψηφίσαντο ordinarily implies a comitial vote); cf. Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 680. The grant of lictors to the Vestals in 42 may also have been effected by a comitial act; Dio Cass. xlvii. 19. 4. In the same year a consular lex of L. Munatius Plancus ordered the erasure of the names of L. Julius Caesar and Sergius from the list of the proscribed; App. B. C. iv. 37. 158; 45. 193.

[2931] Dio Cass. xlviii. 9. 5. Lange, Röm. Alt. iii. 565, assumes a vote of the comitia.

[2932] Dio Cass. xlviii. 33. 5; Gaius ii. 227; Dig. 35. 2. Closely related is the lex Glitia of unknown date, mentioned by Gaius only (Dig. v. 2. 4), which aimed to prevent a parent from ill-humoredly wronging a child in his testament. Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 662, regards the word Glitia as a copyist’s error for Falcidia.

[2933] Dio Cass. xlvii. 13. 3.

[2934] Dio Cass. xlix. 38. 1.

[2935] Aug. Mon. Ancyr. ii. 1; Tac. Ann. xi. 25; Dio Cass. lii. 42. 5; cf. Herzog, Röm. Staatsverf. ii. 130.

[2936] Plut. Ti. Gracch. 9; Cic. Att. iii. 23. 4; Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 649; Karlowa, Röm. Rechtsgesch. i. 427.

[2937] Cic. Leg. Agr. ii. 5. 13; Dion. Hal. x. 57. 5; Livy iii. 34. 1; Dio Cass. xlii. 32. 2 f. A bronze tablet was sometimes used for a mere rogation; Cic. Mil. 32. 87; Suet. Caes. 28. For leges promulgatae, see Livy iii. 9. 5; iv. 1. 1; 48. 1, 9; vi. 35. 4; 39. 1; x. 6. 6; xliii. 16. 6. On the requirement of the trinum nundinum, see p. 397. The proposer was called rogator or lator (Livy iv. 48. 10); his supporters adscriptores; Cic. Leg. Agr. ii. 9. 22. The names of the latter, provided they were magistrates, were often published with the bill for the sake of influence; Cic. Pis. 15. 35; Red. in Sen. 2. 4; 9. 22; Sest. 33. 72; Fam. i. 9. 16.

[2938] Cic. Att. i. 19. 4; Inv. ii. 45. 130 f.; Ascon. 57; Livy iii. 34. 4 ff.

[2939] Cic. Sull. 22. 62.

[2940] Cic. Leg. Agr. ii. 9. 22.

[2941] Frontinus, De aquis urbis Romae, ch. 129; Bruns, Font. Iur. 115; Girard, Textes, 103-5; Lex Agr. 1 (CIL. i. 200).

[2942] The Italics supply lacunae. See also Cic. Phil. i. 10. 26; Probus, in Gramm. Lat. iv. 272 (Keil).

[2943] Or the several names of a group of rogatores (cf. Livy iv. 1. 2; Cic. Sest. 33. 7. 2), as in the Lex de Termessibus (p. 425) and the lex Mamilia Roscia, etc. (p. 441, n. 1); see also Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. iii. 315, n. 2.

[2944] Cf. Probus, in Gramm. Lat. iv. 272.

[2945] He was either taken by lot or appointed by the presiding magistrate; Cic. Planc. 14. 35.

[2946] As in the Lex de Termess. 1.

[2947] Ex h(ace) l(ege) plebive scito; Lex Lat. Bant. (3). 15; Bruns, Font. Iur. 55; Girard, Textes, 31; Lex Agr. 2 (CIL. i. 200).

[2948] Sometimes K. (kaput) or K. L. (kaput legis) followed by a number is used, or the title may be preceded by R. (rubrica); Egbert, Lat. Inscr. 349; Cagnat, Épigr. Lat. 266.

[2949] Dig. xlviii. 19. 41; Cic. Att. iii. 23. 2 f. The substance of the sanctio comprising the extant fragment of the Lex Lat. Bant. is given on p. 379. On the lex sacrata, see p. 264 f.

[2950] Macrob. Somn. Scip. ii. 17. 13. A lex minusquam perfecta prescribes a penalty but allows the violating act to stand. The lex Furia testamentaria (p. 352), for instance, declares that the beneficiary of a legacy above the legal limit must pay fourfold, but does not rescind the legacy itself; Ulp. Reg. 1. A lex perfecta not only prescribes a penalty but nullifies a contravening act. These distinctions apply only to the civil law. Cf. Ulp. l. c.; Karlowa, Röm. Rechtsgesch. i. 428; Poste, Gaius, 566. Other terms connected with the enactment, repeal, and alteration of laws are explained by Ulp. Reg. 3: “Lex est rogatur, id est fertur, aut abrogatur, id est prior lex tollitur, aut derogatur, id est pars primae legis tollitur, aut subrogatur, id est adiicitur aliquid primae legi, aut obrogatur, id est mutatur aliquid ex prima lege.” The classification of laws as curiate, centuriate, and tribal according to the form of the comitia, and as consular, tribunician, etc. according to the office of the lator does not need explanation.

[2951] Dig. xiii. 2. 1; Gromat. 265.

[2952] Cf. Frag. Atest. in Bruns, Font. Iur. 101; Girard, Textes, 78; Lex Acil. rep. 78 (CIL. i. 198).

[2953] “Si quid ius non est rogarier, eius ea lege nihilum rogatur”; Cic. Caec. 33. 95; Dom. 40. 106; Lex Tudert. (CIL. i. 1409) 10 f. A far more detailed formula is given by Cic. Att. iii. 23. 3.

[2954] “Si quid sacri sancti est, quod non iure sit rogatum, eius hac lege nihil rogatur”; Probus, in Gramm. Lat. iv. 273.

[2955] P. 233 f.

[2956] Lex de imp. Vesp. in CIL. vi. 930; Bruns, Font. Iur. 193 f.; Girard, Textes, 106: “Si quis huiusce legis ergo adversus leges rogationes plebisve scita senatusve consulta fecit fecerit, sive, quod eum ex lege rogatione plebisve scito senatusve consulto facere oportebit, non fecerit huius legis ergo, id ei ne fraudi esto, neve quit ob eam rem populo dare debeto, neve cui de ea re actio neve iudicatio esto, neve quis de ea re apud se agi sinito.” Although this document may have been a senatus consultum, it has the form of a law and is so called by itself; cf. Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. ii. 876-9. All such formulae were indicated by the series of initial letters of the component words; Probus, in Gramm. Lat. iv. 272 f.

[2957] Fest. 314. 29: “Neve per saturam abrogato aut derogato”; Lex Tudert. 9; Cic. Att. iii. 23. 3.

[2958] This is true of the Lex Lat. Bant. (p. 380), the Appuleian laws (p. 395), and the Julian agrarian law of 59 (p. 440).

[2959] As by forbidding tribunician intercession; Lex Mal. 58; Cic. Leg. Agr. ii. 12. 30.

[2960] Cic. Att. iii. 23. 2.

[2961] Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 652.

[2962] Livy iii. 57. 10; Cic. Phil. i. 10. 26; Tac. Hist. iv. 40; Suet. Vesp. 8; Serv. in Aen. vi. 622. In earlier time wooden tables were used for laws as well as for rogations; Dion. Hal. iii. 36. 4; iv. 43. 1.

[2963] P. 438. Plebis cita and the senatus consulta pertaining thereto were originally kept by the aediles of the plebs in the temple of Ceres; p. 278 f.

[2964] “Unde de piano recte legi possit”; Probus, in Gramm. Lat. iv. 273, for example, the Forum; Dion. Hal. x. 57. 7. Plebiscites and senatus consulta of international importance could be found in the temple of Faith on the Capitoline hill; Suet. Vesp. 8; Obseq. 68. For other places, see Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 652 f.

[2965] Under the aedile for judicial business only; p. 325.

[2966] P. 276.

[2967] Cf. p. 304.

[2968] For judicial business only; p. 292.

[2969] P. 327.

[2970] P. 141. For instance, the dictator; p. 416, n. 1.

[2971] Livy xxv. 3. 14; xxxiii. 25. 7; xxxiv. 1. 4; 53. 2; xliii. 16. 9; xlv. 36. 1; App. B. C. i. 15. 64; Plut. Ti. Gracch. 17; C. Gracch. 13; Aemil. 31; Ascon. 77.

[2972] Dion. Hal. vii. 17. 2; ix. 41. 4; x. 9. 3; Livy viii. 14. 12; Varro, R. R. i. 2. 9. For legislation in the Forum, see Lex Quinct. de Aq. praescriptio.

[2973] Varro, R. R. iii. 2. 5; Cic. Planc. 9. 16; Att. i. 1. 1; iv. 3. 4; Fam. vii. 30. 1.

[2974] Livy iii. 54. 15; xxvii. 21. 1; cf. Richter, Top. v. Rom, 48, 212; Platner, Top. and Mon. of Anc. Rome, 343.

[2975] Livy iii. 20. 7.

[2976] P. 297. Meetings distant from the city were soon afterward forbidden by law.

[2977] Vocare tribus in (or ad) suffragium (Cic. Planc. 20. 49; Livy iii. 71. 3; iv. 5. 2; vi. 38. 3; x. 9. 1; xxv. 3. 15), citare tribus ad suffragium ineundum (Livy vi. 35. 7), or mittere tribus in suffragium (Livy iii. 64. 5).