FOOTNOTES:
[1] The full titles of books and papers referred to in footnotes distinguished by the addition of A after the date are given in the Bibliography at the end of Volume I.
[2] Chap. XI.
[3] ibid. p. 405.
[4] Sternberg (23) A. p. 33, Pl. XXVI. figs. 4 a, 4 b.
[5] Scott (05) p. 34.
[6] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LXII. figs. 2—4.
[7] Vol. I., p. 397.
[8] Kidston (01) p. 128, fig. 25; (02) p. 361, fig. 13.
[9] Bower (08) p. 404, fig. 221.
[10] Kidston (91) p. 59, Pl. I.; (01) p. 123, fig. 22.
[11] Scott (05).
[12] See also Browne, Lady Isabel (09) p. 4.
[13] Williamson and Scott (94) A. p. 911.
[14] Thoday (06).
[15] Scott (97) A.; see also Scott (00) p. 106.
[16] The term metaxylem may be conveniently applied to the primary xylem other than protoxylem; the latter is usually but by no means invariably characterised by spiral thickening bands.
[17] Scott (05) p. 21 (footnote).
[18] Vol. I. p. 354, fig. 95, C.
[19] Williamson (72) Pl. XLIV. p. 297, figs. 29, 30.
[20] ‘Exarch’ denotes that the protoxylem is on the outside of the primary xylem; ‘endarch’ that it is on the inner edge or in a central position; ‘mesarch’ that it is internal, either near the inner or the outer edge of the metaxylem.
[21] Nathorst (02) p. 24.
[22] Heer (71) p. 32, Pls. IVI.
[23] Scott (07) p. 155.
[24] Thomas, A. P. W. (02) p. 350.
[25] Bower (04) p. 227; (08) p. 424.
[26] See p. 19.
[27] Scott (00) p. 499.
[28] Bower (94) p. 545.
[29] Thomas (02). See also Sykes (08).
[30] Sykes (08).
[31] Boodle (04); see postea p. 21.
[32] Bower (08) p. 426.
[33] Lignier (03); (08).
[34] Tansley (08) p. 26, who refers to similar views held by Potonié and by Hallier.
[35] On the morphology of Sporangiophores, see also Benson (082) and Scott, D. H. (09) p. 623.
[36] Scott (00).
[37] Thomas (02).
[38] Bower (08) p. 398.
[39] Dangeard (91) and Bertrand, C. E. (81) recognise other species of Tmesipteris, but it is doubtful how far such differences as exist are worthy of specific recognition.
[40] Baker (87) A. p. 30.
[41] Thomas (02) p. 349.
[42] Another form of abnormality in the sporophylls of Psilotum has recently been described by Miss Sykes. Sykes (082).
[43] Bertrand, C. E. (81); Ford (04).
[44] Boodle (04).
[45] See p. 150.
[46] Bertrand (81); Jennings and Hall (91).
[47] Sykes (08).
[48] ibid. (08).
[49] Lignier (08).
[50] Bower (94); (08).
[51] Bertrand (81) p. 254.
[52] Münster (42) p. 108, Pl. XIII. fig. 11; Pl. XV. fig. 20.
[53] Schimper (70) A. p. 75.
[54] Goldenberg (55) p. 13, Pl. II. fig 7.
[55] Kidston (862).
[56] Hollick (94) p. 255, figs. 12, 13.
[57] Lesquereux (78) Pl. V. fig. 11.
[58] Since this was written I have had an opportunity of seeing a leaf labelled Tmesipteris from the Tertiary plant-beds of Florissant in a collection recently acquired by the British Museum: the specimen bears no resemblance to a leaf of the recent genus.
[59] Marion (90).
[60] Potonié (93) A. p. 197, Pls. XXVII., XXVIII., XXXIII.
[61] Potonié (91); (93) A. p. 197.
[62] Geinitz (73) p. 700, Pl. III. figs. 5–7.
[63] Seward and Gowan (00) p. 137; Seward and Ford (06) p. 374.
[64] Dawson (59) A. p. 478, fig. 1.
[65] ibid. (71) A. p. 38.
[66] Solms-Laubach (95) A.
[67] Dawson (71) A. Cf. Pl. XI. figs. 131, 134, etc.
[68] Carruthers (73).
[69] Goeppert (52) A.
[70] Carruthers (73).
[71] White (02).
[72] Crépin (75).
[73] Stur (75) A. p. 33.
[74] Carruthers (73).
[75] Gilkinet (75) figs. 2–5.
[76] Penhallow (92) p. 8.
[77] Smith and White (05) p. 58, Pls. V. VI.
[78] Kidston (862) p. 232.
[79] Stur (81) Pls. III. IV.
[80] Jahn (03) p. 77.
[81] Smith and White (05) p. 63.
[82] Nathorst (02) p. 15, Pl. I. figs. 18–35.
[83] For a general account of recent Lycopodiales see Pritzel (02); Campbell (05); Bower (08).
[84] Bruchmann (97).
[85] Treub (84–90); see also Lang (99) and Bruchmann (98).
[86] See Baker (87) A.
[87] The Rose of Jericho is Anastatica Hierochuntina L. a Cruciferous plant.
[88] Baker (87) A. p. 34.
[89] Vines (88).
[90] Scott and Hill (00).
[91] For Phylloglossum, see Bertrand (82); Bower (94), (08); Campbell (05).
[92] Treub (84–90); Bruchmann (98); Lang (99).
[93] Sykes (083).
[94] Bommer (03) Pl. IX. figs. 140, 141.
[95] Hooker (48) p. 423, figs. 12–14.
[96] Jones (05).
[97] Boodle (01) Pl. XIX.
[98] This species is figured under the name Lycopodium crassum by Hooker and Greville (31) Pl. 224. See also Brongniart (37) Pl. I. fig. 1.
[99] Hegelmaier (72). See also Hill, T.G. (06) p. 269; this author draws attention to the fact that in some species of Lycopodium the mucilage canals are confined to the sporophylls.
[100] Professor Yapp has drawn my attention to the very close anatomical resemblance between a specimen of Lycopodium salakense obtained by him from Gunong Inas in the Malay Peninsula and L. cernuum as represented in fig. 125, H and I.
[101] Jones (05).
[102] Strasburger (73) p. 109; Brongniart (37) Pl. 8; (39) A. Pl. 32: Brongniart figures stems of L. Phlegmaria and other species showing roots in the cortex. See also Goldenberg (55); Bruchmann (74); Saxelby (08).
[103] Since this was written a comparative account of the sporophylls of Lycopodium has been published by Miss Sykes. {Sykes (083).}
[104] Bower (94) p. 514; (08).
[105] Seward and Ford (06).
[106] Goebel (05) p. 579.
[107] Bower (94).
[108] ibid. (94) Pl. XLVIII.
[109] Kidston (83) Pl. XXXI. figs. 2–4.
[110] Lang (08).
[111] See page 192, and Watson (09).
[112] Lang (08) p. 357.
[113] Bruchmann (97).
[114] Gard. Chron. (82).
[115] Harvey-Gibson (02).
[116] ibid. (94) (97) (02).
[117] Bower (93).
[118] Harvey-Gibson (94) p. 152.
[119] ibid. (94) p. 194; Scott (96) p. 9.
[120] Bruchmann (97).
[121] The term solenostele, first used by Van Tieghem and revived by Gwynne-Vaughan, may be applied to a stem in which the vascular tissue has the form of a hollow cylinder with phloem and endodermis on each side of the xylem. As each leaf-trace is given off the continuity of the vascular tube is interrupted. See Gwynne-Vaughan (01) p. 73.
[122] Harvey-Gibson (94) Pl. XII, fig. 93.
[123] Harvey-Gibson (02).
[124] ibid. (97).
[125] ibid. (96).
[126] Bower (08) p. 315.
[127] Hieronymus (02).
[128] Goebel (05) p. 581.
[129] Lyon (01) p. 135.
[130] See p. 271.
[131] Campbell (05) p. 522.
[132] Motelay and Vendryès (82).
[133] Campbell (05) p. 561.
[134] Scott and Hill (00).
[135] Motelay and Vendryès (82) Pls. XVI, XVII.
[136] Braun (63).
[137] Hill, T. G. (04) (06).
[138] For figures, see Motelay and Vendryès (82); Bennie and Kidston (88) Pl. VI.
[139] Solms-Laubach (02).
[140] See Von Mohl (40); Farmer (90).
[141] Von Mohl (40).
[142] Hofmeister (62).
[143] Farmer (90); Scott and Hill (00).
[144] Miss Stokey (09), in a paper which appeared since this account was written, criticises the conclusions of Scott and Hill (00).
[145] Von Mohl (40).
[146] Saporta (94) p. 134, Pls. XXIV. XXV. XXVII.
[147] Münster (42) p. 107, Pl. IV. fig. 4.
[148] Phillips (29) A Pl X. fig. 12.
[149] Lindley and Hutton A (34) Pl. CXXI.
[150] Nathorst (06); Seward (00) p. 278.
[151] Saporta (88) p. 28, Pl. II. pp. 16–20.
[152] Heer (76) A.
[153] Corda, in Germar (52).
[154] Münster (42) A.
[155] Solms-Laubach (99).
[156] Germar (52).
[157] Bischof (53).
[158] Potonié (01) p. 754; (04) Lief ii.
[159] Goeppert, in Römer (54) Pl. XV. fig. 7.
[160] Spieker (53).
[161] Potonié (loc. cit.).
[162] Barber (89) Pls. V. VI.
[163] Fitting (07).
[164] Potonié (04) Lief ii.
[165] Weiss, C. E. (86).
[166] Fliche (03).
[167] Vol. I, p. 300.
[168] Halle (07) p. 1.
[169] Feistmantel (75) A. p. 183, Pl. XXX. pp. 1 and 2.
[170] Germar (49) Pl. XXVI; Geinitz (55) A. Pl. I. pp. 5, 6.
[171] Bommer (03) p. 29, Pl. IX, figs. 138–141.
[172] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 137.
[173] Zeiller (06) p. 140.
[174] Halle (07).
[175] Brongniart (22) A. p. 304, Pl. VI, fig. 1.
[176] Brongniart (28) A. p. 83.
[177] Brongniart (49) A. p. 40.
[178] Goldenberg (55) p. 9.
[179] Lesquereux (84) A. p. 777.
[180] Kidston (863) p. 561.
[181] Halle (07).
[182] Renault (69) p. 178, Pls. XII–XIV.
[183] Renault (96) A. p. 249.
[184] Kidston (863).
[185] Goeppert (52) A.
[186] Kidston (01) p. 38.
[187] Kidston (84) Pl. V; (01) p. 37.
[188] Bower (08) p. 298, fig. 147.
[189] Solms-Laubach (91) A. p. 186.
[190] Penhallow (92) Pl. I. fig. 2, p. 8.
[191] Goeppert (52) p. 440.
[192] Kidston (94) A. p. 254.
[193] Geinitz (55) A. p. 32, Pl. I. fig. 1.
[194] page 88.