[589] British Museum, No. 870 F.

[590] Grand’Eury (90) A.

[591] Solms-Laubach (94).

[592] Williamson (92).

[593] Thomas, E. N. (05) p. 187.

[594] Williamson (87) A.

[595] Solms-Laubach (92).

[596] Renault (96) A. Pl. XL. fig. 5.

[597] Weiss, F. E. (08).

[598] Williamson (89) A.

[599] Renault (96) A.

[600] Williamson (87) A. Pl. IV. fig. 20.

[601] Weiss, F. E. (02).

[602] Hooker (48²) Pls. I. II. The sections of Stigmaria figured by Hooker are in the British Museum (V. 8754).

[603] Williamson (87) A. Pl. XII.

[604] Solms-Laubach (91) A.

[605] Weiss, F. E. (02).

[606] Weiss, F. E. (04).

[607] Goeppert (41) Pl. X. Lief. I. II.; Williamson (87) A. Pl. XIII. fig. 78; Eichwald (60) Pl. XV.; Kidston (94) p. 254.

[608] Goldenberg (55) Pl. VI. figs. 1–4.

[609] Nathorst (94) A. Pl. XVI. fig. 9.

[610] Watson (08).

[611] Zeiller (88) A. Pl. LXXVII. fig. 1.

[612] Cf. Lindley and Hutton (35) A. Pls. 80, 81.

[613] Kidston (86) A. p. 175.

[614] ibid. (86⁴) p. 65.

[615] Haughton (59).

[616] Weiss, C. E. (84) Pl. VI. figs. 6, 7.

[617] Lindley and Hutton (35) A. Pls. 80, 81. For synonymy, see Kidston (93) p. 344.

[618] Zeiller (86) Pl. IX. figs. 1–3.

[619] No. 52524.

[620] Nathorst (02) Pl. X. figs. 4, 5.

[621] Weiss, F. E. (08).

[622] Schimper (70) A. p. 71.

[623] Heer (71) Pl. VI. fig. 11; Pl. IX. fig. 1.

[624] Nathorst (94) A. p. 67, Pl. XV. figs. 14, 15.

[625] Schmalhausen (77) p. 281, Pl. I. fig. 5.

[626] Kidston (89²) Pl. IV. figs. 2–4, p. 65.

[627] Weiss and Sterzel (93) p. 56.

[628] Kidston (03) p. 823.

[629] Schmalhausen (77) p. 290, Pl. I. figs. 7–12.

[630] Dawson (71) A. Pl. VIII.

[631] Weiss, C. E. (84) Pl. VII.

[632] Potonié (01²) figs. 25–27.

[633] Nathorst (02) p. 35.

[634] Seward (03) Pl. XI. figs. 1–6, p. 87; Arber (05) p. 166.

[635] Seward (09).

[636] Feistmantel (90) A.

[637] Zeiller (80²) A.

[638] Trautschold and Auerbach (60) Pl. III.

[639] Zeiller (82) A.; (86).

[640] Nathorst (94) A. Pls. X. XI.

[641] Volume I. p. 134.

[642] Williamson (89) A. p. 197.

[643] I am indebted to Mr Lomax for photographs of his specimens. For former references to Mr Lomax’s discovery, see Kidston (05); Weiss, F. E. (08); Scott D. H. (08) p. 200.

[644] Williamson (89) A.

[645] Weiss, F. E. (08).

[646] Nathorst (94) A. p. 42.

[647] Williamson (80) A. p. 500, Pl. XV. 8.

[648] Watson (08²) p. 12.

[649] Nathorst (94) A. p. 42, Pl. XII. figs. 8–10.

[650] Kidston (03) p. 797.

[651] White (98); (99) p. 218, Pls. LXV.-LXVIII.

[652] Kidston (02) pp. 358, 359.

[653] Tansley and Chick (01) p. 36.

[654] Kidston (05) p. 547.

[655] Renault (96) A.

[656] Weiss, F. E. (08).

[657] Browne (09) p. 25.

[658] Scott (02) uses the terms old and new wood in discussing the evolutionary sequence in plant steles.

[659] White (07).

[660] Bower (08) p. 305.

[661] Browne (09) p. 37.

[662] Williamson (77) and (80) A.

[663] Brongniart (28) A. p. 87.

[664] Carruthers (72³).

[665] Wild and Lomax (00).

[666] Scott (01).

[667] Letter from D. H. Scott (March 30, 1908).

[668] Scott (01) 314.

[669] Seward and Ford (06).

[670] For a contrary opinion, see Scott (09) p. 656.

[671] Bertrand, E. (94).

[672] Benson (08).

[673] Watson (08²) p. 12.

[674] Ward (04).

[675] Tansley (08) p. 3. Cf. Braun (75) p. 267.

[676] Chodat (08).

[677] Hudson (92) p. 29.

[678] Hardy, Return of the Native, II. p. 153.

[679] Bower (08).

[680] Zeiller (06) p. 8.

[681] Engler (09).

[682] Bower (00).

[683] For an account of the mechanism of spore-dispersal, see Goebel (05) p. 587; Atkinson (94); Leclerc du Sablon (85); and Bower (00).

[684] For a fuller account of recent ferns, see Engler and Prantl (02), Christ (97), Hooker and Baker (68), and Bower (00) (08).

[685] Prantl (81) Pl. VII. fig. 104, C; Zeiller (97) p. 215, figs. 7–10.

[686] Underwood (07), p. 243, has adopted Bernhardi’s genus Dicranopteris in place of Mertensia on the ground that the latter was used as early as 1793 for a Boraginaceous plant.

[687] Goebel (05) p. 318.

[688] Baker (88).

[689] Diels, in Engler and Prantl (02) pp. 343, 344.

[690] Compton (09).

[691] Copeland (08) p. 344.

[692] Bower (00) p. 47; Gwynne-Vaughan (01).

[693] Christ (04).

[694] Scott, J. (74); Hannig (98).

[695] Challenger Reports (85) p. 827. (Narrative, Pl. II.)

[696] Bower (00) p. 68.

[697] Diels (02) p. 117.

[698] Seward (92) p. 45.

[699] Bower (00) p. 80.

[700] Prof. Bower informs me that he is now at work on Plagiogyria and other Polypodiaceae.

[701] Kny (75); Ford (02); Goebel (91).

[702] Seward and Dale (01).

[703] Armour (07).

[704] Diels (02) fig. 98, p. 188.

[705] Giesenhagen (92) p. 179, fig. 3.

[706] Bäsecke (08).

[707] Boodle (00).

[708] Yapp (02).

[709] Darwin (03) II. p. 381.

[710] Reinecke (97).

[711] Karsten (95); Christ (96); Bommer (03).

[712] Goebel (05) p. 347.

[713] A striking example of these so-called Aphlebiae of Hemitelia may be seen at the Royal Gardens, Kew.

[714] Luerssen, in Rabenhorst (89) A. p. 483, fig. 164.

[715] Goebel (01) Pl. XIII.

[716] Spruce (08) II. p. 232.

[717] Boodle (04).

[718] Goebel (05); Baker (67).

[719] Seward and Gowan (00).

[720] Hooker (59).

[721] Thiselton-Dyer (05).

[722] Baker (68) p. 305.

[723] Bower (08) p. 18.

[724] Treub (88) A.; Ernst (08).

[725] Campbell (07).

[726] Davy (07) p. 263.

[727] Bates (63) A. p. 30.

[728] Challenger Reports (85) p. 785.

[729] Tansley and Fritsch (05) p. 43; Thomas, E. N. (05).

[730] Tansley (08) p. 27.

[731] Jeffrey (98).

[732] Boodle (00).

[733] Tansley and Lulham (02).

[734] Gwynne-Vaughan (01); (03).

[735] Boodle (01) p. 735.

[736] Jeffrey (00); (03).

[737] For an account of the probable methods by which this has been effected and of the factors concerned, see Tansley (08).

[738] Gwynne-Vaughan (03).

[739] Seward (99²); Wigglesworth (02).

[740] Seward and Ford (03); Jeffrey (03); Faull (01).

[741] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (07); (08); (09).

[742] Gwynne-Vaughan (08).

[743] Bertrand and Cornaille (02).

[744] Chodat (08) p. 15.

[745] See also Pelourde (09) for an account of the anatomy of fern petioles.

[746] Observed in plants in the Botanic Gardens of Brussels and Leipzig. A.C.S.

[747] For an account of the spore-producing members of the Marattiaceae, see Bower (97).

[748] Zeiller (90) p. 19.

[749] Shove (00); Tansley (08).

[750] Farmer and Hill (02) Pl. XVIII. figs. 26, 28.

[751] Christ and Giesenhagen (99).

[752] Gwynne-Vaughan (05).

[753] Hooker and Baker (68) p. 440.

[754] The term synangium is applied to sporangia more or less completely united with one another and producing spores in groups separated by walls of sterile cells. A synangium may be regarded as a spore-forming organ produced by partial sterilization of sporogenous tissue or as a group of coalescent sporangia.

[755] Brebner (02); Rudolph (05).

[756] Tansley (08) p. 90; Kühn (90).

[757] Pelourde (08) has recently dealt with the anatomy of recent and fossil Marattiaceous ferns.

[758] Copeland (08) Pl. I. (09) Pl. V.

[759] Bower (96).

[760] Jeffrey (98). For an account of the anatomy of Helminthostachys, see Farmer and Freeman (99).

[761] Stur (75) A. p. 77, Pl. XI. fig. 8.

[762] Renault (96) A. p. 21.

[763] Zeiller (90) p. 16.

[764] Zeiller (90) p. 48.

[765] Scott, D. H. (08) p. 292.

[766] Scott (04) p. 18.

[767] Boodle (00) p. 484.

[768] Zeiller (99) Pl. II. figs. 5, 6.

[769] Ibid. Pl. II. fig. 10.

[770] See p. 402.

[771] Bower (91) Pl. VII.

[772] Scott, D. H. (09).

[773] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (08).

[774] Eichwald (60).

[775] Gwynne-Vaughan (08).

[776] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (08) p. 226.

[777] Brongniart (49) A. p. 35.

[778] Brongniart (28) A. Pl. LXXX.

[779] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (09).

[780] Seward (99).

[781] Krasser (09) p. 10.

[782] Fontaine (83) Pls. XXVIII. XXIX.

[783] Leuthardt (04) Pl. XVIII.

[784] Kidston and Gwynne-Vaughan (07).

[785] See p. 343.

[786] Seward and Ford (03).