a

as in fat.

ā

as in fate.

ä

as in father.

ȧ

as in |ask.

e

as in pen.

ē

as in mete.

ė

as in her.

i

as in pin.

ī

as in pine.

o

as in not.

oi

as in oil, boy.

ou

as in pound, proud.

ō

as in note.

ö

as in move.

u

as in tub.

̤ū

as in mute.

̇u

as in pull.

A double dot under a vowel in an unaccented syllable indicates that its sound is almost that of the short u in but, tub, etc.̤ū as ̤ä in America, ̤e in prudent, ̤i in charity, ̤o in actor, ̤ē in the book, ̤ū in nature.