Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Incorrect page references in the Table of Contents were corrected.

The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.

Page 78: “fifty century” probably is an error for “Fifth century”.

Page 287: Quotation beginning “the spur of all” has no ending quotation mark.

Footnote numbers in this eBook were made unique by prefixing the original Arabic numbers with the Roman chapter numbers.

FOOTNOTE ERRATA

There are many mismatches and omissions between the footnote anchors in the text and the footnotes themselves. Some of them remain unresolved; the Transcriber changed these:

• Page 94: “2” ➝ “53”
• Page 99: “78” ➝ “76”
• Page 137: added “30”
• Page 166: “25” ➝ “26”
• Page 223: “32” ➝ “23”
• Page 402: “12” ➝ “32”
• Page 403: “38” ➝ “37”
• Page 450: “14” ➝ “13”
• Page 460: first “37” ➝ “36”
• Page 462: “50” ➝ “40”
• Page 466: second “43” ➝ “44”

These anchors appear to be either deliberate duplicates or uncorrectable typographical or placement errors:

• Page 27: “5” refers to a non-existent Footnote
• Page 70: “8”
• Pages 175 and 177: duplicate “4”
• Page 285: “23”; page 288 is missing “23”
• Pages 459 and 460: “35” and “34” occur in reversed order
• Page 460: “37”

These anchors are missing and no likely positions for them could be identified:

• Chapter IV: “7”, “9”
• Chapter V: “11”
• Chapter VIII: “5”
• Chapter XI: “10”
• Chapter XIII: “11”
• Chapter XIV: “9”
• Chapter XVI: “8”, “11”
• Chapter XVII: “20”, “39”
• Chapter XVIII: “20”, “26”, “35”, “44”
• Chapter XIX: “8”
• Chapter XXIII: “11”
• Chapter XXVI: “38”
• Chapter XXVII: “1”

These apparent footnote errors were corrected:

• Page 498, Chapter XIII: second Footnote “14” ➝ “15”
• Page 499, Chapter XVI: second Footnote “16” ➝ “17”
• Page 503, Chapter XXVI: first Footnote “16” ➝ “15”

This footnote error was uncorrectable:

• Page 501, Chapter XXII: Footnote 32 is missing a page reference.