[593] Conze, Reise auf den Inseln, 37, Pl. III, 4; Libri Bullarum, XXXIV. (1432-3), f. 112.

[594] Sathas, Μνημεῖα, III. 24-5; Tozzetti, Relazioni, V. 436.

[595] Tozzetti, Relazioni, V. 449, 451; De Rossi, Inscriptiones Christianæ Urbis Romæ, II. part I. 372 n⁴; Atti, XIII. 983.

[596] Tozzetti, Relazioni, V. 435-6, 447, 451-2; Pero Tafur, in op. cit. VIII. 134, 187.

[597] Colucci, Delle Antichità Picene, XV. pp. cxxxiii, cxxxvii-cxli; Codex Vat. lat. 5250, ff. 11-13, 15-17 (mostly published in Ath. Mitt. XXII. 115-7); Ciriaci Anconitani codex (in Biblioteca Capitolare of Treviso), I. 138, f. 152ᵛ et seqq.

[598] Ibid. f. 152 et sqq.; Colucci, Delle Antichità, XV. p. cxxxii; Tozzetti, Relazioni, V. 459; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, VII. 341-2; De Rossi, Inscriptiones, II. part I. 370 n¹; Revue de l’Orient latin, VII. 53, 384.

[599] Conze, Hauser und Niemann, Archaeologische Untersuchungen auf Samothrake, I. 1 n¹, 2, 16, Pls. IV-VIII, LXII; vol. II. Pl. IX; Conze, Reise auf den Inseln, 62, Pl. XII; Cod. Vat. lat. 5250, f. 14; Annali dell’ Instituto (1842), XIV. 141 and tav. d’agg. p. 3, where the date should be, ͵ϛϡξγʹ = 1454/5; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, VII. 94; Ath. Mitt., XXXIV. 28.

[600] Cod. Vat. lat. 5250, f. 11, published by Ziebarth, Eine Inschriftenhandschrift der Hamburger Stadtbibliothek, 15; Ath. Mitt., XVIII. 361; XXXI. 405-8; Conze, Reise auf den Inseln, 82, Pl. III, 5, 9, 13.

[601] Tozzetti, Relazioni, V. 435; Moschides, Ἡ Λῆμνος, I. 168.

[602] Leonardi Chiensis, De vera nobilitate, 55; Revue de l’Orient latin, VII. 427.

[603] Ibid. VIII. 54; Giornale Ligustico, V. 347-9.

[604] Chalkokondyles, 519. But Ænos was described in 1457 as semper in servitute Teucrorum (Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, VII. 366).

[605] Giornale Ligustico, II. 295-6; Revue, VIII. 43.

[606] Giornale Ligustico, V. 350; Revue, VIII. 29, 65; Chalkokondyles, 519. Folietæ Clarorum Ligurum Elogia (ed. 1573), 97-8; B. Campofulgosi Exemplorum, hoc est, dictorum factorumque memorabilium ... lib. IX (ed. Bâle), 328 (who makes her the wife of Luchino); Æneæ Sylvii, Opera ... omnia, 355-6 (who calls the heroine a virgin, and who heard the story told in 1455 by the bishop of Caffa, who had heard it in Lesbos). Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, VII. 317-8.

[607] Atti, XIII. 247.

[608] Phrantzes, 327.

[609] Doukas, 266.

[610] Kritoboulos, lib. I. cc. 74-5; Doukas, 314, 328; Magno apud Hopf, Chroniques, 198-9.

[611] Pp. 321-2.

[612] Doukas, 326, 328-35; Kritoboulos, lib. II. c. 5; Campofulgosi Exemplorum, 526; Ἱστορία πολιτικὴ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, 26; Ag. Giustiniani, Annali, II. 384; Giornale Ligustico, V. 354.

[613] Giornale Ligustico, V. 349-50.

[614] Kritoboulos, lib. II. cc. 11-16; III. 24; Doukas, 335; Chalkokondyles, 469; Ἱστορία πολιτικὴ, 25; Ecthesis Chronica, 17-18. Sa’d al-Dīn (tr. Bratutti), Chronica dell’ origine e progressi di casa Ottomana, II. 168; Hadji Khalfa, Cronologia historica (tr. Carli), 130; Hammer, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches (ed. 1828), II. 20 nᵃ; Conze, Reise auf den Inseln, 82, Pl. III, 11.

[615] Doukas, 335-7; Chalkokondyles, 469.

[616] Giornale Ligustico, V. 353-5; Raynaldi Annales, X. 56, 59, 61-2; Reg. Vat. 443, f. 140.

[617] Sathas, Μνημεῖα, I. 231.

[618] Guglielmotti, Storia della Marina Pontificia, 260 n; Æneæ Sylvii Opera ... omnia (ed. Bâle), 370.

[619] Kritoboulos, lib. II. c. 23; Doukas, 338; Chalkokondyles, 469; the two last say that Imbros was also captured in 1456—a statement contradicted not only by Kritoboulos, but by the omission of Imbros from the list of papal islands in Atti, VI. 937-8 and in Raynaldi Annales, X. 88, which shows that the capture of the other three took place before Dec. 31, 1456. Pius II’s letter (Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, X. 113) shows that Imbros was “still under the rule of the infidels” in 1459.

[620] Doukas, 338; Kritoboulos, lib. III. c. 10; Atti, VI. 800; Raynaldi, Annales, X. 111; Chalkokondyles, 519; Letter of Scarampi to Gaetani of Sept. 15, 1457, apud Guglielmotti, Storia della Marina Pontificia, II. 280; Reg. Vat. 443, f. 113.

[621] Giornale Ligustico, III. 313-4.

[622] Doukas, 346; Chalkokondyles, 520, 528; Kritoboulos, lib. IV. c. 2; Æneæ Sylvii, Opera ... omnia (ed. Bâle), 355; Ag. Giustiniani, Annali, II. 384; Magno, apud Hopf, Chroniques, 201.

[623] Giornale Ligustico, V. 363-4.

[624] J. Paulides, Μαρία Γατελούζη in Ἡ Ἑλλὰς τὴν Βάρβιτον. Rhodokanakes, Ἰουστινιάναι—Χίος, I. 115 n. 101; II. 107.

[625] Raynaldi Annales, X. 179-80.

[626] Kritoboulos, lib. III. cc. 14, 15, 17, 18, 24; Chalkokondyles, 469-70, 483, 494; Æneæ Sylvii Opera, 370; Magno, apud Hopf, Chroniques, 200 (confused); Phrantzes, 413-4.

[627] Raynaldi, Annales, X. 285-6; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, X. 113-5.

[628] Giornale Ligustico, III. 180-1 n; V. 352-3, 355-61, 363; Atti, V. 429; Rymer, Fœdera, XI. 418, 441.

[629] Atti, VII. part I. 77-8, 108; Giornale Ligustico, V. 364-6; Doukas, 341.

[630] Βυζαντίς, II. 266; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, VII. 342-3; VIII. 94-5, 361.

[631] S. Cali (Καλή, the Greek equivalent of “Bonne”).

[632] Leonardi Chiensis De Lesbo a Turcis capta, apud Hopf, Chroniques, 359-66 (an eye-witness); Magno, ibid. 201-2; Doukas, 345-6, 512; Chalkokondyles, 518-21, 523-9, 553; Kritoboulos, lib. IV. cc. 11-14; Phrantzes, 94; Malipiero, Annali Veneti, in Archivio Storico Italiano, VII. 11; Pii II Commentarii, 244; Atti, VII. part I. 159-60, 190; Giornale Ligustico, V. 366-7; Sabellici Historiæ Rerum Venetarum (ed. 1556), 867, 873; Cambini and Spandugino apud Sansovino, Historia Universale dell’ Origine et Imperio de’ Turchi (ed. 1573), ff. 156, 191; Ἱστορία πολιτικὴ, 26; Bosio, Dell’ Historia della sacra religione di San Giovanni, I. 196; The Chronicles of Rabbi Joseph ben Joshua (tr. Bialloblotzky), 289.

[633] Atti, VII. part I. 227, 242, 244.

[634] Sabellici op. cit. 883; Malipiero in Arch. Stor. It., VII. 28; Sathas, Μνημεῖα, VI. 93, 97; Magno apud Hopf, Chroniques, 204; Chalkokondyles, 565; Phrantzes, 415.

[635] Sabellici op. cit. 885-6; Malipiero, l.c.; Sathas, Μνημεῖα, I. 244, VI. 98; Phrantzes, l.c.; Sanudo and Navagiero apud Muratori, R.I.S., XXII. 1170; XXIII. 1123, 1132; Kritoboulos, lib. V. c. 7; Sa’d al-Dīn, II. 223; Cepio, De P. Mocenigi rebus gestis, 30.

[636] Sathas, op. cit. VI. 99; Malipiero, 37; Sabellicus, 890; Navagiero, 1125; Secreta, XXII. f. 186; Magno, 204.

[637] Malipiero, 50; Sanudo and Navagiero in R.I.S., XXII. 1190, XXIII. 1128; Magno, 206; Phrantzes, 448.

[638] Magno, 205, 208; Sathas, Μνημεῖα, V. 48; Malipiero, 50, 59, 67, 107, 121; Sanudo, 1190, 1210; Kritoboulos, lib. V. c. 15; Miklosich und Müller, Acta, III. 297; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, VI. 299-318.

[639] Malipiero, 44; Sabellicus, 895; Cambini apud Sansovino, f. 158; Phrantzes, 447; Sa’d al-Dīn, II. 244; Hammer, II. 98 nᵃ; Piacenza, L’Egeo Redivivo, 439.

[640] Giornale Ligustico, V. 370-2.

[641] Ibid. V. 367-70.

[642] Gottlob, Aus der Camera Apostolica, 293.

[643] Revue de l’Orient latin, I. 537-9.

[644] Anonymous, Οἱ Γατελοῦζοι ἐν Λέσβῳ, 70 n¹.

[645] Atti, XXXIV. 322, 326, 345.

[646] P. 521.

[647] Schlumberger, Numismatique de l’Orient latin, 436-43; Supplément, 18-19; Pls XVI, XVII, XXI; Lampros, Catalogue, II. 305; Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, VI. 41, 491-2; VII. 87-8.

[648] Fontana, Sacrum Theatrum Dominicanum, 81; Scriptores Ordinis Prædicatorum (ed. Echard), I. 816-7; Rovetta, Bibliotheca Provinciæ Lombardiæ Sacri Ordinis Prædicatorum, 76; Bullarium Ordinis Fr. Prædicatorum (ed. Bremond). III. 210-11, 236, 336.

[649] De vera nobilitate, 53, 55, 82-3.

[650] Reg. Vat. 443, ff. 111-2.

[651] Jireček, Geschichte der Bulgaren, 449.

[652] Zinkeisen, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, III. 132, 319.

[653] Hopf, in Ersch und Gruber’s Encyklopädie, LXXXVI. 189.

[654] Rycaut in Knolles, Turkish History, II. 87 (ed. 1687).

[655] Sathas, Μεσαιωνικὴ Βιβλιοθήκη, V. 339. Paparregopoulos, V. 575.

[656] Finlay, VI. 11.

[657] P. 308.

[658] Historia Patriarchica, 102-7; Cobham, The Patriarchs of Constantinople; Paparregopoulos, op. cit. V. 502-36; Finlay, V. 130-49.

[659] The Serb Patriarchate of Ipek was practically removed to Carlovitz in 1738, and ceased to exist even in name in 1766. The Bulgarian Patriarchate of Ochrida was formally abolished in 1767.

[660] Sathas, Τουρκοκρατουμένη Ἑλλάς, p. 128.

[661] Paparregopoulos, V. 471.

[662] Rycaut, in Knolles, op. cit. II. 90. Ranke, Fürsten u. Völker von Süd. Europa, p. 69, says that it ceased between 1630 and 1650. Paparregopoulos (V. 471) puts the date of its abolition in 1638; Finlay (V. 163-4) at 1676.

[663] Paparregopoulos says that “all but one” were Greeks; but he includes the Albanian family of Ghika and the Kallimachai, who came, as their latest biographer, M. Jorga, has shown, from Moldavia. See my notice in The English Historical Review, XVIII. 577. Blancard, Les Mavroyéni.

[664] Finlay, V. 21, 31.

[665] Zinkeisen, III. 360.

[666] Paparregopoulos, V. 489.

[667] Paparregopoulos, V. 494.

[668] Sathas, Μνημεῖα, IV. pp. liv-lxi; and vols. VII.-IX., which contain documents relating to them from 1464 to 1570, some of their literary productions, and a picture of one of them fully armed.

[669] Finlay, V. 122

[670] Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων, XIII. 273-317.

[671] Θρήνος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, l. 354 apud Ellissen, Analekten, III.

[672] Gregorovius, Storia della Città di Roma nel medio evo [ed. 1901], III. 826; IV. 207, 240; Pastor, Geschichte der Päpste, II. 382; Lanciani, Wanderings in the Roman Campagna, 217.

[673] Paruta, Storia della Guerra di Cipro, 79-80.

[674] Op. cit. 294.

[675] Memorie istoriche dei Monarchi Ottomani, 401.

[676] Paruta, 299-300. Négociations de la France dans le Levant, III. 191.

[677] pp. 212-214.

[678] Sathas, Τουρκοκρατουμένη Ἑλλάς, p. 171.

[679] Paruta, 391.

[680] Sathas, Τουρκοκρατουμένη Ἑλλάς, p. 175, where the dates of their deaths, given in his Χρονικὸν Ἀνέκδοτον Γαλαξειδίου, p. 153, are corrected; Philadelpheus, Ἱστορία τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ἐπὶ Τουρκοκρατίας, I. 40.

[681] Zinkeisen, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, III. 529.

[682] Crusius, Turco-Græcia, VII. 10, 19; Laborde, Athènes aux xvᵉ, xviᵉ et xviiᵉ siècles, I. 55-60.

[683] It is headed Περὶ τῆς Ἀττικῆς and has last been published and annotated by my friend K. Philadelpheus, in his excellent Ἱστορία τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ἐπὶ Τουρκοκρατίας, I. 189-92. He assigns to it the date 1628.

[684] Philadelpheus, I. 202-8; Konstantinides, Ἱστορία τῶν Ἀθηνῶν (ed. 2), pp. 447-50.

[685] Kampouroglos, Μνημεῖα τῆς Ἱστορίας τῶν Ἀθηναίων (ed. 2), I. 191, 336.

[686] Konstantinides thinks his figures much too high (op. cit. 442-7).

[687] Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία τῶν Ἀθηναίων, II. 77-83. Konstantinides (pp. 421-2) relying on a statement of Sanuto that the governor of Athens, even before 1470, was styled only subashi, thinks that all the time down to 1610 Athens was merely a district of a sandjak. Philadelpheus (I. 287-90) agrees with the latter view, but extends the duration of this arrangement to 1621 or even later.

[688] Sathas, Τουρκοκρατουμένη Ἑλλάς, pp. 178-9.

[689] See the Greek history of Epeiros given in Pouqueville, Voyage dans la Grèce, V. 82-90.

[690] Finlay, History of Greece, V. 57, 90-1, 94, 96, 101, 108.

[691] Dapper, Description des Îles de l’Archipel, p. 224.

[692] Spon, Voyage, II. 23 (ed. 1679).

[693] Finlay, V. 108, 114.

[694] Laborde, I. 67-70. An Austrian archæologist has suggested that the Hermes, Paris, or Perseus, of Antikythera, discovered some 20 years ago, and now at Athens, was part of the spoil of a vessel bound for England which foundered in 1640 off that island.

[695] His genealogy is given in Sathas, Τουρκοκρατουμένη Ἑλλάς, p. 197, n. 2.

[696] Sathas, p. 209.

[697] Ibid. pp. 197-210.

[698] Nani, Istoria della R. Veneta, pt. II. p. 134.

[699] Randolph, The Present State of the Morea, p. 9; Guillet, Athènes ancienne et nouvelle, pp. 28-38. It must be added, however, that the Capuchins of Athens, upon whose notes this book was based, may from theological bias have exaggerated the misdeeds of the Orthodox clergy. On this ground the local historian, Alexandrakos, in his Ἱστορία τῆς Μάνης, p. 18, indignantly rejects these accusations. But in 1894 I heard in Athens a similar story about a Thessalian priest, implicated in a celebrated case of brigandage.

[700] Finlay, V. 116-7; Spon, I. 123; Sathas, pp. 308-10; Paparregopoulos, Ἱστορία τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ Ἔθνους, V. 493; Leake, Travels in the Morea, III. 450.

[701] Laborde, I. 63; Philadelpheus (I. 184, 187) puts his visit in 1621. The passage about Athens is in his Voyage de Levant (ed. 1645), pp. 473-5.

[702] Laborde, I. 75, 201; Guillet, p. 223.

[703] His Relation d’État présent de la ville d’Athènes is reprinted in full in Laborde’s book.

[704] Laborde, I. 176; Finlay, V. 104, n. 2; Ray’s Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages, vol. II.; Randolph, The Present State of the Morea; Magni, Relazione della città d’Atene.

[705] Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία, III. 135.

[706] Laborde, II. 358, 363. The Venetian report, given in Δελτίον τῆς Ἱστ. καὶ Ἐθν. Ἑτ. V. 226, says the borgo in 1687 contained “4000 and more houses.”

[707] Gregorovius, Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter, II. 417 n.

[708] Ubi supra, II. 187.

[709] There is a picture, taken from Stuart, of this Παναγία στὴν πέτρα in Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία, II. 280. See his Μνημεῖα, I. 93. It was destroyed by Hadji Ali, to provide materials for the defences of Athens against the Albanians in 1778.

[710] Laborde, I. 126 n.

[711] In the third volume of Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία.

[712] Spon, II. 180. Even now there is no synagogue in Athens.

[713] E.g. the thief who pillaged the king’s study at Tatoi in 1902 was an Albanian from Markopoulo, between Athens and Laurion. Many of the names of the Attic villages—e.g. Tatoi, Liosia and Liopesi—are Albanian.

[714] Printed by Kampouroglos, Μνημεῖα, II. 238-43.

[715] Guillet, who tells the story, upon which Spon casts doubt, places this under Ahmed I. Spon says the boon was granted about 1645.

[716] Ἄρχοντες, νοικοκυραῖοι, παζαρῖται, ξωτάρηδες.

[717] Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία, II. 102.

[718] The Present State of the Morea, p. 22.

[719] Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία, III. 120.

[720] Ἐπῆραν τὰ παιδιὰ ἀπὸ τὴν Ἀθήνα [sic] are the words. This chronicle, which is dated 1606, has been re-published by Kampouroglos in his Μνημεῖα, I. 89-90, and by Lampros, Ecthesis Chronica and Chronicon Athenarum, 85-6.

[721] Spon, II. 103.

[722] Kampouroglos, Μνημεῖα, I. 33; Paparregopoulos, V. 597.

[723] The θρῆνος for him is published in Kampouroglos, Μνημεῖα, I. 7-27, and by Legrand, Bibliothèque grecque vulgaire, II. 123-47.

[724] Laborde, I. 208.

[725] Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία, II. 174.

[726] Kampouroglos, Ἱστορία, III. 120.

[727] Vernon, in Ray’s Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages, II. 22.