175. Filaments united, 8 or more. Style 1. Embryo without cotyledons.
Herbs. Leaves scale-like, not green. Flowers unisexual. 64. Rafflesiaceae.
Filaments free. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Shrubs or trees. Leaves
well developed. 176
176. Flowers unisexual. Perianth 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5. Style 1. Grevea, 96. Saxifragaceae.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 7-8-parted. Stamens numerous.
Styles 2-3. Bembicia. 159. Flacourtiaceae.
177. (153.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. 178
Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. 183
178. Ovules erect or ascending. 179
Ovules pendulous or descending. 180
179. Leaves opposite or whorled. Perianth corolla-like. Ovary-cells and
styles 2. Embryo curved. 219. Rubiaceae.
Leaves alternate. Perianth calyx-like. Embryo straight. 137. Rhamnaceae.
180. Perianth wanting in the male flowers. Stamens 4. Ovary almost completely
2-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs. Leaves stipulate. Corylus, 50. Betulaceae.
Perianth present in all flowers. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or undershrubs,
rarely shrubs or trees, but then, as usually, leaves exstipulate. 181
181. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely in whorls, and then leaves stipulate.
Perianth-segments 5, alternating with as many stamens. Ovary-cells
and styles 2. Seeds with horny albumen; embryo small. 186. Umbelliferae.
Flowers solitary or in axillary fascicles or in spikes. Leaves exstipulate.
Perianth-segments 4, rarely 3 or 5. Seeds with fleshy or mealy albumen.
Herbs or undershrubs. 182
182. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with a curved embryo and mealy albumen.
Leaves undivided. Tetragonia, 72. Aizoaceae.
Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Stamens 2, 4, or 8. Seeds with a
straight embryo and fleshy albumen. Leaves, at least the lower ones,
deeply divided. Myriophyllum, 183. Halorrhagaceae.
183. (177.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Styles 3-6. Perianth-segments
more or less united. Flowers unisexual, spicate. Leaves stipulate.
Trees or shrubs. 51. Fagaceae.
Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell, rarely (Lecythidaceae) 2-6, but then
style 1 and flowers hermaphrodite. 184
184. Perianth-segments obviously united below. Seeds albuminous. Leaves
without stipules. 185
Perianth-segments free or nearly so. Seeds exalbuminous. 186
185. Flowers unisexual, in terminal spikes, racemes or panicles. Perianth
regular. Fruit a berry. Embryo without cotyledons. Herbs. Leaves
scale-like, not green. Cytinus, 64. Rafflesiaceae.
Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves.
Perianth irregular. Stamens adnate to the style. Fruit a capsule.
Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Leaves well developed, green. Aristolochia, 63. Aristolochiaceae.
186. Flowers unisexual, in cymes. Perianth irregular. Stamens numerous.
Styles 2-6, free or united at the base. Leaves stipulate. Begonia, 165. Begoniaceae.
Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary or in racemes or heads. Perianth
regular. Style 1, undivided. 187
187. Stamens 3-6. Leaves stipulate. Herbs. Ludwigia, 182. Oenotheraceae.
Stamens numerous. Leaves exstipulate. Trees or shrubs. 176. Lecythidaceae.
188. (53.) Ovary superior or nearly so. 189
Ovary inferior to half-inferior. 481
189. Ovary 1, entire or lobed. 190
Ovaries 2 or more, separate or united at the base only. 451
190. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes with incomplete partitions or containing one
or more empty rudimentary cells besides the fertile one. 191
Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, the partitions
sometimes not quite reaching the apex; or one cell only fertile, the others
empty but well developed. 273
191. Ovule 1. 192
Ovules 2 or more. 214
192. Ovule erect or ascending or attached by a basal funicle. 193
Ovule pendulous or descending. 205
193. Leaves stipulate. Sepals 5. 194
Leaves exstipulate. 198
194. Stigma 1, entire. 195
Stigma 1, five-lobed, or stigmas 2-3. Stamens 1-5, more or less distinctly
perigynous. Flowers regular. Leaves undivided. 197
195. Flowers regular. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens
4-5, hypogynous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, undivided. Dovera, 131. Salvadoraceae.
Flowers irregular, rarely regular, but then leaves alternate and corolla
with valvate aestivation or stamens more than 5. Stamens more or
less distinctly perigynous. 196
196. Style basal or nearly so. 103. Rosaceae.
Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens 9-10. 105. Leguminosae.
197. Stigma 5-lobed. Calyx valvate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs
or trees. Maesopsis, 137. Rhamnaceae.
Stigmas 2-3. Seeds albuminous. 75. Caryophyllaceae.
198. Sepals 2, free or nearly so. 199
Sepals 3-7, free or more or less united, or an entire calyx. 201
199. Flowers unisexual. Stamens 8-10. Style 3-4-cleft. Trees. Leaves
undivided. Didierea, 134. Sapindaceae.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 2-7. Herbs or shrubs. 200
200. Corolla regular. Stamens 4-7, free or nearly so. Style 3-parted.
Embryo large, curved. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. Portulacaria, 73. Portulacaceae.
Corolla irregular. Stamens 2, three-cleft (or 6, united in 2 bundles).
Style simple. Embryo small. Herbs. Leaves dissected. 86. Papaveraceae.
201. Stamens numerous. Style 1. Corolla with imbricate or contorted
aestivation. Leaves opposite. Shrubs or trees. Calophyllum, 149. Guttiferae.
Stamens 1-10, rarely more, but then styles 3 or corolla with valvate
aestivation. 202
202. Stamens as many as the petals, 4, opposite and adnate to them. Stigma
1. Calyx entire or toothed. Petals 4, valvate. Shrubs or trees. 55. Proteaceae.
Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or fewer or more
numerous. 203
203. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 1-2. Stamens 2, 4, or 6. Sepals 4. Petals 4.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with curved embryo. Herbs or undershrubs,
rarely shrubs. 88. Cruciferae.
Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3, rarely only 1, but then fertile stamens
1, 5, 8, or more. Shrubs or trees. 204
204. Flowers in axillary clusters, hermaphrodite. Sepals and petals valvate
in bud. Petals hooded. Stamens 8-10, with 4-celled anthers (or
16-20 united in pairs). Style and stigma simple. Hua, 144. Sterculiaceae.
Flowers in panicles. Petals not hooded. Stamens neither with 4-celled
anthers nor united in pairs. 127. Anacardiaceae.
205. (192.) Leaves stipulate. Stamens 9-10. 206
Leaves exstipulate, rarely (Polygalaceae) stipulate, but then stamens
8. 207
206. Flowers irregular. Stamens more or less perigynous. Style simple. 105. Leguminosae.
Flowers regular. Stamens hypogynous. Styles 3-4, free or partly
united. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Erythroxylon, 112. Erythroxylaceae.
207. Flowers distinctly irregular, hermaphrodite. Stamens 8; filaments
united; anthers opening by a pore. Style 1. Shrubs or trees. Leaves
undivided. Securidaca, 120. Polygalaceae.
Flowers regular or nearly so, rarely distinctly irregular, but then unisexual
or with 10 stamens. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. 208
208. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals or
more. Leaves simple or digitate. 80. Menispermaceae.
Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely (Anacardiaceae) unisexual,
but then stamens alternating with the petals or leaves pinnate. 209
209. Stamens distinctly perigynous, 4, 8, or 10. Style simple; stigma entire.
Leaves undivided. Shrubs. 171. Thymelaeaceae.
Stamens hypogynous or nearly so, rarely (Anacardiaceae) distinctly
perigynous, but then stigma lobed and leaves pinnate. 210
210. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, 4-5. Calyx little developed,
entire or obscurely toothed. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. 57. Opiliaceae.
Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or more. Calyx distinctly
developed. 211
211. Stamens 6. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved. Herbs or undershrubs,
rarely shrubs. Leaves simple. 88. Cruciferae.
Stamens 4 or more, rarely 6, but then sepals 3 and petals 3. Shrubs
or trees. 212
212. Stamens numerous; filaments united. Style thread-shaped. Corolla
with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves opposite, undivided.
Shrubs. Endodesmia, 149. Guttiferae.
Stamens 4-20; if more than 10, then style short and thick, corolla with
valvate aestivation, and leaves pinnate. 213
213. Ovule with ventral raphe. Stamens 10. Leaves with 1-3 transparently
dotted leaflets. Eriander, 115. Rutaceae.
Ovule with dorsal raphe. 127. Anacardiaceae.
214. (191.) Ovules 2. 215
Ovules 3 or more. 231
215. Ovules or their funicle erect or ascending. 216
Ovules or their funicle pendulous or descending. 224
216. Ovules attached one above the other, rarely side by side; in the latter
case flowers irregular, stamens 9-10, and style terminal or nearly so.
Leaves usually stipulate. 217
Ovules attached one opposite the other or side by side. Flowers regular,
more rarely irregular, but then stamens 6 or style basal. Leaves usually
exstipulate. 218
217. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-lobed, valvate in bud. Stamens 5, opposite
the petals, hypogynous. Leaves undivided. Waltheria, 144. Sterculiaceae.
Flowers irregular, more rarely regular, but then, as usually, stamens
perigynous or more than 5. Leaves usually compound. 105. Leguminosae.
218. Ovules straight. Stamens 5 or 10, more or less distinctly perigynous.
Leaves compound. Shrubs or trees. 104. Connaraceae.
Ovules incurved or inverted. Leaves simple, undivided or dissected; in
the latter case herbs. 219
219. Styles 2, free or united below. Stamens 2-5, hypogynous or nearly so.
Leaves opposite. Herbs or undershrubs. 75. Caryophyllaceae.
Style 1, with a single stigma. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, but then
shrubs or trees. 220
220. Style basal. Stamens perigynous. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees.
Seeds exalbuminous. 103. Rosaceae.
Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens hypogynous; rarely perigynous,
but then leaves opposite. 221
221. Stamens 5, perigynous. Sepals united below. Leaves opposite. Shrubs
or trees. Pleurostylia, 129. Celastraceae.
Stamens 6, hypogynous. Sepals free. Leaves alternate. 222
222. Flowers irregular. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Fruit a 2-seeded nut. Herbs.
Leaves dissected. Sarcocapnos, 86. Papaveraceae.
Flowers regular. Sepals 3-6. Leaves undivided. 223
223. Perianth of 4 sepals and 4 petals. Anthers opening by longitudinal
slits. Style distinctly developed. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Undershrubs.
Flowers white. Dipterygium, 87. Capparidaceae.
Perianth of 3-6 sepals, 3 petals, and 6 honey-scales. Anthers opening by
valves. Style none. Fruit a berry. Shrubs. Flowers yellow. Berberis, 79. Berberidaceae.
224. (215.) Ovules suspended from a free central placenta. Stamens 4-10.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. 59. Olacaceae.
Ovules attached to the wall of the ovary, usually near the apex. 225
225. Ovules one above the other, rarely side by side; in the latter case flowers
irregular with 9-10 stamens. Leaves usually compound and stipulate. 105. Leguminosae.
Ovules side by side or one opposite the other. Flowers regular, rarely
somewhat irregular, but then stamens 3-6. 226
226. Ovules attached laterally. Stamens 3-5. Flowers usually unisexual.
Embryo large. Leaves exstipulate, usually compound. 115. Rutaceae.
Ovules attached by the apex, rarely laterally, but then stamens more than
5. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Leaves simple. 227
227. Stamens 4-5. Shrubs or trees. Leaves exstipulate. 132. Icacinaceae.
Stamens 6 or more. 228
228. Stamens 6. Style 1. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved. Leaves
exstipulate. 88. Cruciferae.
Stamens 10 or more. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Shrubs or trees. 229
229. Stamens 10, hypogynous. Styles or stigmas 3-4. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Erythroxylon, 112. Erythroxylaceae.
Stamens 12 or more. 230
230. Style 1, with a single stigma. Stamens 12-20, perigynous. Sepals
5-12. Petals 5-12. Seeds with scanty albumen or without any. 103. Rosaceae.
Styles 2-6 or style 1 with 2 stigmas; in the latter case stamens more
then 20. Seeds with copious albumen. 159. Flacourtiaceae.
231. (214.) Ovules basal or attached to a central placenta. 232
Ovules attached to one or more parietal placentas. 244
232. Ovules basal. 233
Ovules attached to a central placenta. 239
233. Style or sessile stigma 1, entire. 234
Styles, stigmas, or stigma-lobes 2-6. 236
234. Stamens 10. Calyx closed in bud, subsequently 2-3-parted. Flowers
solitary or in pairs. 196. Styracaceae.
Stamens 5-6. Calyx with 3-9 imbricate segments. 235
235. Flowers 5-merous, in cymes. Stamens perigynous. Anthers opening
by longitudinal slits. Style present. Leaves opposite. Pleurostylia, 129. Celastraceae.
Flowers 6-merous, in racemes. Stamens hypogynous. Anthers opening
by valves. Style wanting. Leaves alternate or all radical. 79. Berberidaceae.
236. Stamens very numerous. Anthers linear. Style 2-cleft. Trees. Leaves
alternate, stipulate. Lophira, 147. Ochnaceae.
Stamens 1-20; if more than 10, then styles 5. 237
237. Leaves and flowers clothed with glandular hairs; the former alternate.
Stamens 10-20. Styles 5, free. Ovules upon a long funicle. Seeds
albuminous, with a minute embryo. Undershrubs. Drosophyllum, 92. Droseraceae.
Leaves and flowers without glandular hairs. Stamens 1-10. Seeds
with a large or rather large embryo. 238
238. Leaves alternate. Disc present. Ovules upon a short funicle. Seeds
exalbuminous. 153. Tamaricaceae.
Leaves opposite. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually curved. 75. Caryophyllaceae.
239. (232.) Ovules pendulous. Style 1. Fertile stamens 3-6. 59. Olacaceae.
Ovules ascending or horizontal. 240
240. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals. Style simple; stigma
entire or obscurely lobed. 241
Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or fewer or more numerous. 242
241. Stamens 3. Leaves opposite. Herbs. Pelletiera, 191. Primulaceae.
Stamens 4-7. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees. 190. Myrsinaceae.
242. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Petals perigynous. Style simple with
an entire or 2-lobed stigma. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight. 173. Lythraceae.
Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Petals hypogynous or nearly so.
Style simple with a 3-lobed stigma or with several stigmas, or styles
2 or more. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually curved. 243
243. Sepals 2. Stamens 8-30. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3. Leaves alternate. 73. Portulacaceae.
Sepals 4-5. Stamens 1-10. Leaves opposite. 75. Caryophyllaceae.
244. (231.) Ovules attached to a single placenta. 245
Ovules attached to two or more placentas. 248
245. Sepals evidently united, rarely free or nearly so, and then petals 5 or
leaves stipulate. Stamens usually perigynous. Stigma 1. Leaves
usually compound. 105. Leguminosae.
Sepals free or nearly so. Petals 2-4. Stamens hypogynous. Leaves
exstipulate, simple, but often dissected. Herbs or undershrubs. 246
246. Flowers distinctly irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 2-4. Stamens numerous.
Fruit opening at one side. Embryo straight. Delphinium, 78. Ranunculaceae.
Flowers regular or nearly so. Sepals 4 or 8. Petals 4. Stamens 4 or 6.
Fruit opening in two valves or remaining closed. Embryo more or
less curved. 247
247. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by valves. Stigma 1. Albumen abundant.
Leaves dissected. Epimedium, 79. Berberidaceae.
Stamens 6. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Albumen scanty or
wanting. 88. Cruciferae.
248. (244.) Style 1, undivided, with a single stigma or with 2 or more stigmas
contiguous at the base, or 1 sessile stigma. 249
Styles 2-6, free or more or less united with separated stigmas (not contiguous
at the base), or 2-6 free sessile stigmas. 266
249. Fertile stamens as many as petals or fewer, 2-10. 250
Fertile stamens more than petals. 257
250. Fertile stamens 10. Filaments united. Anthers opening outwards.
Stigmas 5. Sepals 3. Trees. Warburgia, 157. Winteranaceae.
Fertile stamens 2-6. 251
251. Fertile stamens 2-4. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exalbuminous,
with curved embryo. 87. Capparidaceae.
Fertile stamens 5, rarely (Passifloraceae) 4 or 6, but then flowers unisexual.
Seeds rarely exalbuminous, and then with straight embryo. 252
252. Fertile stamens opposite the petals. Shrubs or trees. 253
Fertile stamens alternate with the petals. Leaves simple. Seeds albuminous. 254
253. Flowers irregular. Petals perigynous. Anthers opening by a single
slit. Placentas 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves pinnate. Moringa, 90. Moringaceae.
Flowers regular. Anthers opening by 2 slits. Seeds albuminous.
Leaves simple, undivided. 159. Flacourtiaceae.
254. Sepals united below. Petals perigynous, sometimes nearly hypogynous,
and then, as usual, staminodes or a corona interposed between the petals
and the stamens. Flowers regular. 161. Passifloraceae.
Sepals free or nearly so. Petals hypogynous or nearly so; in the latter
case neither staminodes nor a corona within them. 255
255. Staminodes present, sometimes petal-like. Placentas 3. Flowers regular.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves stipulate. 147. Ochnaceae.
Staminodes wanting. 256
256. Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate and then stem herbaceous or suffruticose.
Placentas 3. 158. Violaceae.
Leaves exstipulate. Stem woody. Flowers regular. Placentas 2, rarely
3-5. Pittosporum, 97. Pittosporaceae.
257. (249.) Sepals and petals together 6 (2 sepals and 4 petals), rarely 9 (3
sepals and 6 petals). Stamens 6 or many. Stem herbaceous. Leaves
more or less deeply divided. 86. Papaveraceae.
Sepals and petals together 7, 8, 10, or more, rarely 9, but then stem woody
and leaves undivided. 258
258. Sepals and petals together 9; sepals 3, small; petals 6, unequal. Stamens
numerous, inserted upon an elevated receptacle. Ovules scattered
over the inner wall of the ovary. Stigma sessile or nearly so. Albumen
ruminate. Trees. Leaves undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Monodora, 81. Anonaceae.
Sepals and petals together 7, 8, 10, or more, rarely (Flacourtiaceae) 9, but
then ovules attached to 2-10 placentas and either style distinctly
developed or stamens 5-15. 259
259. Perianth of 4 sepals and 4 petals, rarely (Capparidaceae) of 2 sepals and
6 petals or of 5 sepals and 5 petals; in the latter case ovary long-stalked.
Albumen scanty or wanting. 260
Perianth of 3-6 sepals and 4 or more petals, but not of 4 sepals and 4
petals. Ovary sessile or nearly so. 262
260. Filaments united throughout their whole length, 8. Placentas 3-5,
with 2 ovules each. Calyx 4-lobed. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or
trees. 118. Meliaceae.
Filaments free or united at the base. Placentas 2 or more, in the latter
case with numerous ovules. Embryo curved. Leaves simple or
digitate. 261
261. Stamens 6, four of them longer than the other two. Ovary sessile or
nearly so. Placentas 2. Flowers regular or nearly so. Herbs or undershrubs.
Leaves simple, without stipules. 88. Cruciferae.
Stamens few or many; if 6, then not four longer than the rest. Ovary
usually stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Flowers mostly irregular. 87. Capparidaceae.
262. Filaments united in 3-5 bundles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Seeds ex-albuminous.
Leaves opposite, undivided, exstipulate. 149. Guttiferae.
Filaments all free or united at the base. Seeds albuminous. 263
263. Anthers opening at the apex by pores or very short slits. Sepals 5.
Petals 5. Leaves alternate, stipulate, usually lobed. 264
Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Leaves entire or toothed. 265
264. Anthers curved. Placentas 2. Petals red. Flowers and flower-stalks
clothed with minute scales. Bixa, 155. Bixaceae.
Anthers straight. Placentas 3-5. Petals yellow. Flowers and flower-stalks
glabrous or clothed with simple hairs. Cochlospermum, 156. Cochlospermaceae.
265. Embryo distinctly curved, folded, or rolled up. Ovules usually straight.
Disc and corona usually wanting. Anthers opening inwards or laterally.
Sepals 3 or 5. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Leaves mostly
opposite. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. 154. Cistaceae.
Embryo straight or nearly straight. Ovules inverted. Disc or corona
usually present. Anthers usually opening outwards. Leaves alternate.
Shrubs or trees. 159. Flacourtiaceae.
266. (248.) Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, undivided. Land-plants. 267
Leaves alternate or all radical, rarely (Droseraceae) whorled, but then
water-plants with 5 stamens and 5 styles. 268
267. Sepals united below, valvate in bud. Stamens 4-6. Style 2-3-cleft.
Seeds with abundant albumen. 152. Frankeniaceae.
Sepals free, imbricate in bud. Stamens 9 or more. Seeds without
albumen. Hypericum, 149. Guttiferae.
268. Herbs with glandular hairs or with whorled leaves. Sepals, petals, and
stamens equal in number, 4, 5, or 8. Anthers more or less turned
outwards. 92. Droseraceae.
Herbs or undershrubs without glandular hairs or woody plants; if herbs,
then anthers turned inwards, at least when young. Leaves alternate
or all radical. 269
269. Flowers irregular. Ovary open at the apex. Stigmas sessile. Seeds
exalbuminous; embryo curved. 89. Resedaceae.
Flowers regular. Ovary closed. 270
270. Corolla with contorted aestivation, more or less perigynous. Calyx
deciduous, callous or glandular within. Sepals, petals, and stamens 5.
Anthers turned inwards. Styles 3. 160. Turneraceae.
Corolla with imbricate, not contorted, or with valvate aestivation, very
rarely with contorted aestivation, but then stamens numerous. 271
271. Seeds exalbuminous, rarely albuminous, and then placentas finally separating
from the wall of the ovary. Anthers usually turned outwards.
Leaves exstipulate. 153. Tamaricaceae.
Seeds albuminous. Placentas not separating from the wall of the ovary.
Anthers turned inwards, rarely outwards, but then, as usually, leaves
stipulate. 272
272. Stem erect, rarely climbing, and then stamens numerous or anthers turned
outwards. Corona, if present, simple or double. Ovary sessile or nearly
so. Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, undivided. 159. Flacourtiaceae.
Stem climbing, usually tendril-bearing, rarely erect, but then corona 3- or
more-fold or ovary distinctly stalked. Stamens 4-10. Anthers
turned inwards. Sepals 4-6, more or less united, imbricate in bud.
Petals as many as sepals. 161. Passifloraceae.
273. (190.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. 274
Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. 319
274. Ovules erect or ascending. 275
Ovules pendulous, descending, or horizontal. 288
275. Disc outside the stamens, sometimes one-sided or broken up into several
glands. Leaves alternate, compound, rarely simple and then stamens
8-10. 276
Disc or separate glands within or between the stamens or wanting, rarely
outside the stamens, but then leaves simple and stamens 4-6. 277
276. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5. Stamens 4-5. Ovary 4-celled.
Seeds with abundant albumen; embryo straight. Bersama, 135. Melianthaceae.
Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Seeds without albumen; embryo
more or less curved. 134. Sapindaceae.
277. Petals and stamens hypogynous. 278
Petals and stamens more or less perigynous. Leaves simple, stipulate.
Shrubs or trees. 285
278. Sepals 3. Petals 3 or 6. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided,
exstipulate. 279
Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 2. Petals 3-5. 280
279. Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening outwards.
Ovary many-celled. Styles numerous. 81. Anonaceae.
Sepals imbricate or open in bud. Stamens 3. Anthers opening laterally.
Ovary 2-9-celled. Style 2-9-cleft. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. 125. Empetraceae.
280. Sepals valvate in bud, 5. Petals with contorted aestivation. Filaments
united. Stigmas several. Leaves simple, stipulate. 281
Sepals imbricate in bud, rarely valvate, but then only 2. Leaves exstipulate. 282
281. Anthers 1-celled. Fertile stamens numerous. Ovary 3- or more-celled.
Seeds albuminous. 142. Malvaceae.
Anthers 2-celled. Fertile stamens 5, rarely more, but then ovary 2-celled
and seeds exalbuminous. 144. Sterculiaceae.
282. Stamens numerous. Leaves opposite, undivided. Shrubs or trees. 149. Guttiferae.
Stamens 2-10. Stigmas 1-2. Leaves alternate. 283
283. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees. Stigma 1. 118. Meliaceae.
Leaves simple. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Embryo
curved. 284
284. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 2-6. Glands present between the stamens. 88. Cruciferae.
Sepals 5. Petals 3-5. Stamens 5-10, united at the base. Limeum, 72. Aizoaceae.
285. (277.) Flowers irregular. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10-20. Ovary 2-celled.
Style basal. Stigma 1. Parinarium, 103. Rosaceae.
Flowers regular. Petals 4-8. Stamens 4-8. Style terminal or nearly
so. 286
286. Petals, stamens, and carpels 8 each. Dirachma, 107. Geraniaceae.
Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5. Carpels 2-5. 287
287. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Stamens opposite the petals. Style 1,
with a more or less deeply divided stigma, or several styles. 137. Rhamnaceae.
Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. Stamens alternate with the
petals. Style 1, with an entire or lobed stigma. 129. Celastraceae.
288. (274.) Flowers unisexual. 289
Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. 293
289. Leaves simple. 290
Leaves compound. Shrubs or trees. 293
290. Sepals 2-3, united below, valvate in bud. Petals 5, with contorted
aestivation. Stamens numerous. Ovary 2-celled. Style wanting;
stigma lobed. Shrubs or trees. Carpodiptera, 141. Tiliaceae.
Sepals, at least in the female flowers, 4-6, sometimes almost wholly
united. 291
291. Ovary slightly sunk in the receptacle, 2-celled. Styles 2. Stamens 5.
Anthers opening by valves. Sepals and petals valvate in bud. Shrubs. Trichocladus, 101. Hamamelidaceae.
Ovary wholly superior, usually 3-celled. Styles usually 3. Anthers
opening by longitudinal slits. 292
292. Ovules straight. Stigmas sessile or nearly so. Stamens 10. Calyx-limb
nearly entire. Fruit drupaceous. Panda, 106. Pandaceae.
Ovules inverted. 122. Euphorbiaceae.
293. Leaves stipulate. Ovary surrounded by scales. Fruit capsular. Spiny
shrubs. Neoluederitzia, 113. Zygophyllaceae.
Leaves exstipulate. Fruit usually drupaceous. 127. Anacardiaceae.
294. (288.) Flowers distinctly irregular. 295
Flowers regular or nearly so. 298
295. Leaves compound. Receptacle expanded into a disc or elongated into a
stalk. Filaments free. Trees or shrubs. 127. Anacardiaceae.
Leaves simple, undivided. Receptacle small. 296
296. Stamens 10. Shrubs or undershrubs. 119. Malpighiaceae.
Stamens 5-8. 297
297. Filaments free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Petals 5,
perigynous. Style 1; stigmas 3. Climbing herbs. Tropaeolum, 109. Tropaeolaceae.
Filaments united. Anthers opening by an apical pore. Petals hypogynous. 120. Polygalaceae.
298. (294.) Stamens as many as the petals or fewer or more numerous, but less
than twice as many, 2-6. 299
Stamens twice as many as the petals or in greater number, rarely (Thymelaeaceae)
as many as the petals, but then 8-10. 305
299. Filaments all united below. Fertile and sterile stamens together as many
as the petals, 4-6. Disc not distinctly developed. Leaves undivided. 300
Filaments free or united in pairs. 301
300. Stamens all fertile. Seeds albuminous. 110. Linaceae.
Stamens partly sterile (2 fertile, 3 sterile). Seeds exalbuminous. Cottsia, 119. Malpighiaceae.
301. Anthers opening by apical pores. Petals and stamens 5, slightly perigynous.
Ovary 3-celled. Style simple; stigma 3-lobed. Seeds with
abundant albumen. Undershrubs. Leaves rolled inwards when young,
undivided, bearing glandular hairs. Roridula, 147. Ochnaceae.
Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds with scanty albumen or
without any. 302
302. Stamens 6, rarely 2 or 4. Style 1. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved.
Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple. 88. Cruciferae.
Stamens 5, rarely 4, but then styles 4 and leaves pinnate. Shrubs or
trees. 303
303. Flowers 4-merous. Disc within the stamens. Leaves pinnate. 116. Simarubaceae.
Flowers 5-merous. 304
304. Disc within the stamens. Ovary 3- or 5-celled. Styles or sessile stigmas
3 or 5. Leaves simple. 127. Anacardiaceae.
Disc outside the stamens. Ovary 2-celled. Style simple. Leaves pinnate. Filicium, 134. Sapindaceae.
305. (298.) Filaments free. Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. 306
Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base. 312
306. Disc present, more or less ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped. 307
Disc wanting. Leaves undivided. 310
307. Flowers polygamous, 4-5-merous. Leaves compound, exstipulate. 127. Anacardiaceae.
Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous, but then 3-merous. 308
308. Leaves with glandular dots, compound, exstipulate. Ovary 3-5-celled.
Style simple. 115. Rutaceae.
Leaves without dots. 309
309. Leaves stipulate, pinnate with 1-2 pairs of leaflets, more rarely simple
and undivided, and then stigma 3-parted. Ovary 3-5-celled. Style
simple. 113. Zygophyllaceae.
Leaves rarely stipulate, but then undivided and stigma entire or 2-lobed. 116. Simarubaceae.
310. Sepals united into a minute, entire or toothed calyx. Petals 4-6, valvate
in bud. Ovary 3-4-celled. Seeds with abundant albumen. 59. Olacaceae.
Sepals free or united at the base only. Seeds without albumen. 311
311. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 2-3-celled. 119. Malpighiaceae.
Petals 8-10, rarely 4-5, scale-like, valvate in bud. Sepals free, petaloid.
Ovary 4-5-celled. Octolepis, 171. Thymelaeaceae.
312. (305.) Stamens numerous. Anthers opening by one slit. Calyx with
valvate aestivation. Seeds with curved embryo. Leaves simple,
stipulate. 142. Malvaceae.
Stamens twice as many as the petals, 6-12, rarely (Malpighiaceae) a
few more (11-15). Anthers opening by two slits. Calyx with imbricate
or open aestivation. 313
313. Style 1, undivided with a single stigma or with two or more stigmas
contiguous at the base. 314
Styles 2-5, free or more or less united with separate (not contiguous)
stigmas. Stamens 10, rarely 11-15. 316
314. Leaves compound, exstipulate. Seeds without albumen. 118. Meliaceae.
Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 10. 315
315. Ovary 5-celled. Disc present. Seeds albuminous. Trees. Leaves exstipulate. Saccoglottis, 111. Humiriaceae.
Ovary 2-3-celled. Disc wanting. Shrubs or undershrubs. 316
316. Seeds albuminous. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Leaves alternate,
stipulate. Nectaropetalum, 110. Linaceae.
Seeds exalbuminous. Flowers in racemose inflorescences, rarely solitary.
Sepals usually with glands on the outside. 119. Malpighiaceae.
317. Styles and ovary-cells 5. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. 108. Oxalidaceae.
Styles and ovary-cells 2-4. Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves
undivided. 318
318. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Petals with a scale on the inside. Styles
or style-branches 3-4. Fruit a drupe. Seeds usually albuminous.
Leaves alternate, stipulate. Erythroxylon, 112. Erythroxylaceae.
Flowers in racemose inflorescences. Sepals usually with glands on the
outside. Styles or style-branches 2-3. Seeds exalbuminous. 119. Malpighiaceae.
319. (273.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. 320
Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell. 389
320. Style 1, undivided, or 2 or more styles united to the base of the stigmas,
or 1 sessile stigma. 321
Styles 2 or more, free or united below, but not up to the base of the stigmas,
or 2 or more free sessile stigmas. 371
321. Stamens as many as or fewer than the petals. 322
Stamens more than the petals. 339
322. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals. 323
Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals, or fewer. 325
323. Stamens 10. Ovary 10-celled. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Augea, 113. Zygophyllaceae.
Stamens 3-7. Leaves alternate. 324
324. Petals with valvate aestivation. Filaments free. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit
a berry. 138. Vitaceae.
Petals with imbricate-contorted aestivation. Filaments more or less
united. Ovary 3- or more-celled. Fruit a capsule. 144. Sterculiaceae.
325. Stamens 2-4. 326
Stamens 5. 333
326. Sepals 2-4. Petals 3-4. 327
Sepals 5. Petals 2-5. 332
327. Leaves marked with glandular dots, at least at the edges. Stipules
wanting. 328
Leaves without glandular dots. 329
328. Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Disc cushion-shaped.
Stigmas 3. Fruit separating into 3 drupe-like, 2-celled mericarps.
Seeds with curved embryo. Chamaelea, 114. Cneoraceae.
Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then fruit not drupe-like. 115. Rutaceae.
329. Leaves stipulate. Ovules usually erect. Corolla imbricate in bud.
Shrubs or trees. 330
Leaves exstipulate. Ovules usually pendulous. Ovary 2-celled or
transversally septate. Flowers hermaphrodite. 331
330. Disc present. 129. Celastraceae.
Disc wanting. Flowers unisexual. Ovary 2-celled. Azima, 131. Salvadoraceae.
331. Leaves opposite. Petals valvate in bud. Receptacle without glands.
Shrubs or trees. 197. Oleaceae.
Leaves alternate. Petals imbricate in bud. Receptacle provided with
glands. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. 88. Cruciferae.
332. (326.) Anthers opening outwards. Stamens 3. Disc present. Ovary
3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. 130. Hippocrateaceae.
Anthers opening inwards. Disc reduced to separate glands or wholly
wanting. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Seeds albuminous. 107. Geraniaceae.
333. (325.) Filaments united, at least at the base. 334
Filaments free. 336
334. Filaments united nearly to the apex. Petals with valvate aestivation.
Stigma 1. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. Quivisianthe, 118. Meliaceae.
Filaments united only at the base. Petals with imbricate or contorted
aestivation. Leaves stipulate. 335
335. Petals with contorted aestivation. Stigma 1. Seeds with an aril.
Shrubs. Leaves undivided. Phyllocosmus, 110. Linaceae.
Petals with imbricate aestivation. Stigmas 5. Seeds without an aril. 107. Geraniaceae.
336. Leaves gland-dotted, exstipulate, but sometimes with axillary spines. 115. Rutaceae.
Leaves not dotted, simple, stipulate. 337
337. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Triumfetta, 141. Tiliaceae.
Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. 338
338. Calyx large. Ovules pendulous. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate. Dichapetalum, 121. Dichapetalaceae.
Calyx small. Ovules erect, more rarely pendulous, but then leaves
opposite, at least those of the flowering branches. 129. Celastraceae.
339. (321.) Stamens fewer than twice as many as the petals, 5-8. 340
Stamens twice as many as the petals, or more. 343
340. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Disc outside the stamens. Stamens
8, rarely 5-6; in the latter case ovary 3-celled. Ovules ascending,
at least one of them, or horizontal. Shrubs or trees. 341
Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 5-7. Ovary 2- or 5-celled or transversally
septate. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. 342
341. Ovary 2-celled. Leaves opposite, lobed. Acer, 133. Aceraceae.
Ovary 3-celled. Leaves alternate, pinnate. 134. Sapindaceae.
342. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-celled or transversally septate.
Stigmas 1-2. Leaves exstipulate. 88. Cruciferae.
Sepals 5. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Leaves stipulate. 107. Geraniaceae.
343. (339.) Stamens twice as many as the petals. 344
Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. 359
344. Filaments free. 345
Filaments evidently united, at least at the base. 354
345. Calyx with valvate aestivation. 346
Calyx with imbricate aestivation. 349
346. Leaves gland-dotted, without stipules, but sometimes with axillary spines. 115. Rutaceae.
Leaves not gland-dotted, usually with stipules. 347
347. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. Petals valvate in bud.
Stamens perigynous. Shrubs or trees. 177. Rhizophoraceae.
Leaves alternate. 348
348. Leaves simple, stipulate. Stamens hypogynous. 141. Tiliaceae.
Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then, as usual, exstipulate.
Shrubs or trees. 117. Burseraceae.
349. Stipules present, but sometimes very small and caducous. 350
Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present. 352
350. Sepals 3, surrounded by a 6-toothed involucre. Petals 5. Disc cup-shaped.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided. Leptochlaena, 140. Chlaenaceae.
Sepals 4-6. Disc ring- or cushion-shaped or reduced to separate scales
or wanting. 351
351. Stigma 1, entire or lobed. Filaments usually provided with an appendage.
Leaves usually compound. 113. Zygophyllaceae.
Stigmas 5. Filaments without an appendage. Leaves simple, but sometimes
dissected. Fruit beaked, splitting into 5 nutlets. 107. Geraniaceae.
352. Flowers irregular, 4-merous. Disc outside the stamens, one-sided,
sometimes indistinct. Ovary 2-3-celled. Leaves pinnate. 134. Sapindaceae.
Flowers regular. 353
353. Bark resinous. Leaves rarely dotted. Ovules pendulous or laterally
attached. Fruit drupe-like, but sometimes dehiscing. Seeds exalbuminous.