308

308. Female marginal flowers in 2 or more rows. Fruits 5-angled or 10-ribbed.
Herbs. Leaves scattered. Heads in corymbs, narrow.—Species 1.
Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands.  Erechthites Raf.

Female marginal flowers in 1 row.  309

309. Stem herbaceous. Leaves nearly all radical, orbicular-cordate. Outer fruits without a pappus.—Species 1. South Africa.  Stilpnogyne DC.

Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves mostly cauline.  310

310. Leaves densely crowded, small. Heads solitary, terminating the branches.
Involucral bracts leaf-like.—Species 1. Island of Réunion.  Eriothrix Cass.

Leaves scattered. Heads in corymbs.—Species 4. Madagascar and
Mascarenes.  Faujasia Cass.

311. Receptacle hemispherical. Involucral bracts in 2-3 rows, subequal.
Ray-flowers yellow. Fruits 10-ribbed. Herbs. Heads solitary or several together, on long stalks.—Species 7. North Africa.  Doronicum L.

Receptacle flat or slightly convex.  312

312. Involucral bracts with a leaf-like appendage along the median nerve,
1-nerved. Receptacle pitted. Ray-flowers none. Style-branches with
a crown of longer hairs in the middle of the hairy part. Fruits many-nerved.
Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire.—Species 8. South
Africa.  Lopholaena DC.

Involucral bracts without an appendage.  313

313. Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Ray-flowers present. Style-branches rounded, almost uniformly clothed with hairs. Herbs. (See
286.)  Alciope DC.

Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, rarely (Senecio) indistinctly arranged in
3 or more rows, but then style-branches with a crown of longer hairs.  314

314. Style-branches with an awl-shaped hairy appendage, without a distinct crown of longer hairs. Ray-flowers wanting. Herbs. (See 279.)  Gynura Cass.

Style-branches truncate with a terminal tuft of hairs or with a hairy appendage overtopping a crown of longer hairs.  315

315. Fruits, at least the outer, distinctly compressed. Style-branches truncate, ending in a tuft of hairs. Herbs or undershrubs. Heads in corymbs.
(See 227.)  Cineraria L.

Fruits not distinctly compressed, 5-10-ribbed.—Species 500. Some of them are used as vegetables, as food for birds, or as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including Brachyrhynchos Less., Cacalia L. partly,
Emilia Cass., Kleinia DC., Lachanodes DC., Mesogramma DC., Notonia
DC., and Pladaroxylon Hook. fil.)  Senecio L.

316. (301.) Involucral bracts, at least the inner, scarious at the tip and the edges. Pappus of minute scales, crown- or ear-shaped or wanting.
Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers truncate, with a terminal crown of hairs.  317

Involucral bracts rarely scarious at the edges, and then pappus of rather large scales or bristles, or style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers ending in a hairy appendage.  356

317. Anthers arrow-shaped; halves pointed at the base. Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows. Receptacle glabrous. Female marginal flowers in one row, with a strap-shaped corolla. Inner fruits flattened, outer 3-edged.
Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs. Heads long-stalked. (See 124.)  Dimorphotheca Moench

Anthers not arrow-shaped; halves blunt or rounded at the base. [Tribe
ANTHEMIDEAE.]  318

318. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. [Subtribe ANTHEMIDINAE.]  319

Receptacle glabrous or hairy, without scales between the flowers. [Subtribe
CHRYSANTHEMINAE.]  331

319. Receptacle-scales hairy in the middle, glabrous at the base and apex.
Ray-flowers yellow. Fruits cylindrical, without a pappus. Herbs.
Leaves pinnately divided. Heads seated between 2-6 (usually 5) branches of the much-branched cyme.—Species 1. North-west Africa.
Used as an ornamental plant.  Cladanthus Cass.

Receptacle-scales hairy throughout their whole length or at the top only, or glabrous. Heads solitary or in glomerules, corymbs, or panicles.  320

320. Corolla-tube with a basal appendage adnate to the ovary. Corolla persistent.
Ray-flowers none. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves entire.
Heads in corymbs.—Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally.  Diotis Desf.

Corolla-tube with appendages which are free from the ovary, or without any appendages.  321

321. Fruits clothed with long wool, 8-10-ribbed. Ray-flowers white or violet. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads solitary, terminating the branches.—Species 3. South Africa.  Lasiospermum Lag.

Fruits not woolly.  322

322. Fruits much compressed. Herbs or undershrubs.  323

Fruits not or scarcely compressed.  325

323. Fruits, at least the outer, broadly winged. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided.—Species 10. North Africa. Some are used medicinally.  Anacyclus L.

Fruits not or indistinctly winged, without a pappus.  324

324. Leaves alternate, toothed or pinnately divided.—Species 7. North
Africa; one species also naturalized in South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.  Achillea L.

Leaves opposite, at least the lower, entire. Ray-flowers neuter, white.—Species
2. North-west Africa. (Fradinia Pomel, under Cladanthus
Cass.)  Mecomischus Benth. & Hook.

325. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire. Shrubs. Ray-flowers present.  326

Leaves alternate.  327

326. Heads collected in compound heads. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of scales sometimes united into a small crown.—Species 4. South
Africa.  Oedera L.

Heads solitary at the ends of the branches. Pappus wanting.—Species
4. South Africa.  Eumorphia DC.

327. Stem herbaceous. Leaves toothed or pinnately divided.  328

Stem woody, at least at the base.  329

328. Heads without ray-flowers. Corolla-tube regular. Pappus crown-shaped.
Leaves toothed. Heads in dense corymbs.—Species 1. North Africa.
Lonas Adans.

Heads with ray-flowers, more rarely without, but then pappus auricle-shaped or wanting. Corolla-tube compressed, often with appendages.
Heads stalked, terminating the branches.—Species 30. North and
Central Africa; one species naturalized in South Africa. Some are used as medicinal plants (camomile). (Including Chamaemelum Cass.,
Ormenis Cass., Perideraea Webb, and Rhetinolepis Cass.)  Anthemis L.

329. Ribs of the fruits produced into unequal scales or strong awns. Shrubs.
Leaves pinnatifid. Heads in corymbs.—Species 4. Canary Islands.
(Including Hymenolepis Schultz and Lugoa DC.)  Gonospermum Less.

Ribs of the fruits not produced into scales or awns. Heads without ray-flowers.  330

330. Corolla-tube with a more or less distinct appendage at the base, usually
compressed. Pappus wanting. Heads long-stalked. Under-shrubs.
Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species 6. Central and North-west Africa.
Some of the species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.  Santolina L.

Corolla-tube without an appendage, not compressed. Fruits 5-angled.
Heads in usually dense corymbs.—Species 55. Southern and tropical
Africa. (Including Bembycodium Kunze and Oligodora DC.)  Athanasia L.

331. (318.) Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite.  332

Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer female or neuter.  343

332. Flowers 4-merous.  333

Flowers 5-merous.  336

333. Involucral bracts in several rows, the outer shorter. Fruits 4-angled, glabrous. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves dissected. Heads rather small.—Species 6. South and East Africa. (Under Tanacetum L.)  Schistostephium Less.

Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows, nearly equal.  334

334. Pappus ring- or crown-shaped. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided.—Species
20. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants
(camomile). (Including Chamaemelum Vis., Chlamydophora Ehrenb.,
Courrantia Schultz, and Otospermum Willk.)  Matricaria L.

Pappus wanting.  335

335. Stem herbaceous. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches. (See
216.)  Cotula L.

Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves entire. Heads in corymbs. Fruits compressed, glabrous.—Species 1. South Africa.  Peyrousea DC.

336. Heads in leafy racemes or spikes sometimes arranged in elongated (not corymb-like) panicles. Pappus wanting. (See 222.)  Artemisia L.

Heads solitary or in corymbs.  337

337. Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows, nearly equal. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. (See 334.)  Matricaria L.

Involucral bracts in several rows, the outer ones shorter.  338

338. Stem herbaceous. Leaves alternate. (See 219.)  Chrysanthemum L.

Stem woody, shrubby.  339

339. Leaves opposite. Pappus wanting.  340

Leaves alternate.  341

340. Heads in corymbs. Involucral bracts in few rows. Fruits with 12-15 ribs. Leaves usually forked.—Species 2. South Africa.  Gymnopentzia Benth.

Heads solitary, seated between lateral tufts of leaves. Involucral bracts in many rows. Fruits 3-4-ribbed. Leaves entire, connate in pairs at the base.—Species 1. South Africa.  Asaemia Harv.

341. Leaves toothed, lobed, or divided. Fruits 5-ribbed.—Species 20.
South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used medicinally.  Pentzia Thunb.

Leaves entire.  342

342. Heads in corymbs. Central flowers sterile. Pappus none.—Species
3. South Africa.  Stilpnophytum Less.

Heads few together at the ends of the branches. Flowers all fertile.—Species
3. South Africa. (Including Adenosolen DC. and Brachymeris
DC.)  Marasmodes DC.

343. (331.) Female or neutral marginal flowers with a thread-shaped corolla or without a corolla.  344

Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla.  350

344. Hermaphrodite flowers 4-merous. Herbs or undershrubs.  345

Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Marginal flowers with a corolla.  349

345. Involucral bracts of two kinds, the outer four broad and membranous, the inner numerous, longer and narrower, scarious. Marginal flowers in one row, without a corolla. Corolla of the central flowers with a large appendage enclosing the fruit. Pappus none. Leaves opposite.
Heads stalked, solitary, terminating the branches.—Species 2. South
Africa.  Otochlamys DC.

Involucral bracts equal or nearly so.  346

346. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows, the outer shorter. Marginal flowers with
a corolla. Outer fruits compressed and hairy, the inner 4-angled, glabrous. Leaves fan-shaped or pinnately divided. (See 333.)  Schistostephium Less.

Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, about equal.  347

347. Heads stalked, solitary, terminating the branches. (See 216.)  Cotula L.

Heads sessile or arranged in racemes or corymbs. Marginal flowers with
a corolla. Leaves undivided.  348

348. Female flowers in one row.—Species 1. Island of Rodrigues.  Abrotanella Cass.

Female flowers in several rows. Pappus wanting.—Species 1. Tropics.
(Myriogyne Less.)  Centipeda Lour.

349. Heads in racemes or spikes sometimes arranged in elongated (not corymb-like) panicles. Involucral bracts in few rows. Marginal flowers in one row. Fruits without ribs and without a pappus. (See 222.)  Artemisia L.

Heads solitary or in corymbs. (See 219.)  Chrysanthemum L.

350. (343.) Involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, the outer much shorter.  351

Involucral bracts in few rows, about equal in length.  352

351. Leaves decurrent, undivided. Herbs. Heads in corymbs. Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Fruits glandular-hairy. Pappus of scales.—Species
1. South Africa.  Lepidostephium Oliv.

Leaves not decurrent. (See 219.)  Chrysanthemum L.

352. Involucral bracts broad. Herbs. Leaves dissected.  353

Involucral bracts narrow. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, toothed, lobed, or cleft. Corolla-limb of the ray-flowers elongate,
entire.  354

353. Corolla of the ray-flowers yellow, very shortly strap-shaped. Fruits compressed, 1-2-ribbed, without a pappus. Heads solitary on long stalks thickened above. (See 216.).  Cotula L.

Corolla of the ray-flowers white, usually long strap-shaped. Fruits usually several-ribbed and provided with a pappus. (See 334.)  Matricaria L.

354. Ray-flowers fertile. Disc-flowers 5-merous. Fruits 8-10-ribbed, glandular-warted.
Leaves linear or divided into 3 linear segments.—Species
7. South Africa. (Including Adenachaena DC. and Iocaste E. Mey.)  Phymaspermum Less.

Ray-flowers sterile. Disc-flowers 4-merous.  355

355. Corolla-lobes of the disc-flowers acuminate. Involucre campanulate.
Heads short-stalked. Leaves linear, entire. Shrubs.—Species 2.
South Africa.  Thaminophyllum Harv.

Corolla-lobes of the disc-flowers not acuminate. Involucre hemispherical.
Heads long-stalked. Leaves lobed or cleft. Undershrubs.—Species 3.
South Africa.  Lidbeckia Berg

356. (316.) Receptacle with scales between the flowers.  357

Receptacle glabrous, rarely hairy, without scales between the flowers.  383

357. Pappus of 5-6 large scales sometimes intermixed with bristles. Fruits
10-ribbed, not compressed. Involucral bracts in several rows, scarious at the edges. Ray-flowers in one row, neuter, with a yellow, strap-shaped corolla. Style-branches truncate, with a terminal crown of hairs.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed or pinnately divided. Heads solitary or in lax panicles.—Species 65. South Africa and Abyssinia. (Including Sphenogyne R. Br.)  Ursinia Gaertn.

Pappus wanting or crown-shaped or consisting of bristles or minute scales, rarely of 1-2 or 8-16 larger scales. Involucral bracts rarely scarious at the edges. Leaves usually opposite. [Tribe HELIANTHEAE.]  358

358. Pappus of feathery bristles. Fruits hairy, angular. Involucral bracts subequal, in 2-3 rows. Ray-flowers yellow, with a strap-shaped corolla.
Prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, broad, toothed. Heads on long stalks.—Species 1. Naturalized in South Africa, Madagascar, and the neighbouring islands.  Tridax L.

Pappus of simple (not feathery) bristles or of scales sometimes united into a crown, or wanting.  359

359. Pappus, at least on the inner fruits, formed of 8-16 rather large, fringed scales. Fruits angular. Receptacle conical. Marginal flowers in one row, white, fertile, rarely wanting. Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, embracing the outer fruits. Heads small, hemispherical.—Species 1.
Naturalized in East Africa.  Galinsoga Ruiz & Pav.

Pappus formed of minute scales or of 1-2 larger scales or of bristles, or
crown-shaped, or wanting.  360

360. Female or neuter marginal flowers persisting in the fruit, with a strap-shaped corolla. Receptacle conical. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads on long stalks.—Species 1. Naturalized in various regions. Ornamental plants.  Zinnia L.

Female or neuter marginal flowers falling off before maturity or wanting.  361

361. Inner fruits compressed from front to back. Scales on the receptacle between the flowers flat or convex, not keeled. Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting. [Subtribe
COREOPSIDINAE.]  362

Inner fruits not or laterally compressed. [Subtribe VERBESININAE.]  368

362. Pappus formed of 2-6 barbed bristles (which are armed with minute reflexed prickles). Herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed or divided.  363

Pappus formed of bristles which are not barbed, at least on the inner fruits, or ring-shaped, or wanting.  364

363. Fruits beaked. Ray-flowers red.—Species 1. Naturalized in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands.  Cosmos Cav.

Fruits not beaked. Ray-flowers, if present, yellow or white.—Species
20. Some of them are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds.
(Including Kerneria Moench)  Bidens L.

364. Involucral bracts 3-6. Marginal flowers female. Corolla glabrous at the base. Pappus of the inner fruits of 2-3 awns. Herbs. Leaves opposite.  365

Involucral bracts numerous, in two rows.  366

365. Involucral bracts partly herbaceous, partly membranous. Outer fruits winged. Heads several together in the leaf-axils.—Species 1. Naturalized in Central Africa.  Synedrella Gaertn.

Involucral bracts herbaceous. Fruits all similar, not winged. Heads solitary.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).  Calyptrocarpus Less.

366. Involucral bracts free, the outer herbaceous, the inner membranous.
Ray-flowers female. Corolla hairy at the base. Pappus none. Herbs.
Leaves, at least the lower, opposite. Heads solitary or in cymes, stalked.—Species 8. Central Africa. One of the species yields oil from the seeds (ramtil-oil).  Guizotia Cass.

Involucral bracts more or less united. Corolla glabrous at the base.  367

367. Ray-flowers female. Fruits oblong, many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus a minutely toothed crown. Herbs. Leaves opposite, divided. Heads in panicles.—Species 1. Abyssinia.  Microlecane Schultz

Ray-flowers neuter or wanting. Pappus of two teeth or awns, or ring-shaped, or wanting.—Species 50. Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.  Coreopsis L.

368. (361.) Inner fruits much compressed laterally. Pappus of two awns or wanting. Receptacle convex, conical, or cylindrical. Herbs.  369

Inner fruits slightly or not compressed.  370

369. Fruits winged. Receptacle convex. Involucre as long as the disc.
Heads in lax corymbs. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones.—Species
1. Naturalized in the tropics and in Egypt. Used medicinally.
(Ximenesia Cass.)  Verbesina L.

Fruits not winged. Receptacle elongated. Involucre much shorter than the disc. Heads solitary. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. Yields condiments and medicaments.  Spilanthes L.

370. Inner involucral bracts embracing the outer fruits. Pappus wanting.
Herbs. Leaves opposite.  371

Inner involucral bracts not embracing the outer fruits.  372

371. Female marginal flowers in one row. Heads in panicles.—Species 5.
Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some are used medicinally.  Siegesbeckia L.

Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a strap-shaped corolla.
Heads solitary, sessile. Marsh plants.—Species 1. Central Africa.  Enydra Lour.

372. Receptacle-scales wholly enclosing the fruits. Pappus ring-shaped or wanting. Flowers all hermaphrodite with a tubular corolla or the marginal neuter with a strap-shaped corolla. Receptacle convex or conical. Herbs.—Species 2. Central Africa.  Sclerocarpus Jacq.

Receptacle-scales partly or not enclosing the fruits.  373

373. Receptacle-scales very narrow, nearly bristle-like. Pappus wanting.
Marginal flowers in two rows, with a strap-shaped corolla. Herbs.
Leaves opposite. Heads solitary or in pairs.—Species 2. They yield dye-stuffs, salad, and medicaments.  Eclipta L.

Receptacle-scales broad or rather broad, convex or keeled.  374

374. Pappus wanting. Heads containing hermaphrodite and female flowers.
Herbs. Leaves opposite.  375

Pappus present.  376

375. Inner flowers 4-merous, outer with a very shortly strap-shaped corolla-limb.
Fruits 4-angled. Leaves oblong. Heads in groups of three.—Species
1. Madagascar.  Micractis DC.

Inner flowers 5-merous, outer with a rather long strap-shaped corolla-limb.
Fruits 2-3-angled. Leaves ovate.—Species 15. Tropical and
South Africa.  Wedelia Jacq.

376. Pappus ring-shaped. Fruits 4-angled. Receptacle flat. Receptacle-scales slit. Heads in corymbs; all flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs.
Leaves alternate.—Species 1. Madagascar.  Temnolepis Bak.

Pappus cup-shaped or formed of scales and bristles. Herbs or undershrubs  377

377. Pappus of free, caducous bristles or scales.  378

Pappus of bristles united at the base, or cup-shaped with or without free
bristles.  379

378. Pappus-bristles 1-4, more or less broadened below. Heads large.
Ray-flowers neuter.—Species 3. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized.
Used as ornamental plants (sunflower) and yielding edible tubers, dye-stuffs, and oily seeds from which bread may be prepared.  Helianthus L.

Pappus-bristles thin, usually numerous. Heads middle-sized. Receptacle convex. Receptacle-scales acuminate. Leaves opposite.—Species 17.
Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including Lipotriche R. Br.)  Melanthera Rohr

379. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, arranged in corymbs. Receptacle convex. Receptacle-scales with a coloured appendage. Anthers arrow-shaped. Fruits 5-ribbed. Pappus a toothed cup. Leaves alternate, linear. (See 246.)  Omphalopappus O. Hoffm.

Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer female or neuter.  380

380. Marginal flowers neuter, with a strap-shaped corolla. Leaves opposite.—Species
40. Tropics. Some are used medicinally.  Aspilia Thouars

Marginal flowers female.  381

381. Marginal flowers with a tubular or shortly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus of 2-5 unequal bristles united at the base. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite.—Species 4. Central Africa.  Blainvillea Cass.

Marginal flowers with a distinctly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus cup-shaped, with or without awns. Heads stalked.  382

382. Leaves alternate. Fruits 4-5-angled, many-ribbed.—Species 6.
Madagascar.  Epallage DC.

Leaves opposite. Fruits 2-3-angled, with indistinct angles. (See 375.)  Wedelia Jacq.

383. (356.) Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a yellow, thread-shaped,
2-3-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in several rows, imbricate, with scarious edges. Fruits without ribs. Pappus of one row of bristles. Leaves alternate, undivided. Heads solitary or in glomerules.
(See 183.)  Phagnalon Cass.

Female or neuter marginal flowers in one row, with a strap-shaped, rarely
a tubular but 4-toothed corolla, or wanting. [Tribe HELENIEAE.]  384

384. Female marginal flowers with a tubular, 4-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in 4-5 rows. Receptacle pitted. Pappus of scales. Herbs.
Leaves alternate. Heads in panicles.—Species 1. Southern West
Africa (Angola).  Welwitschiella O. Hoffm.

Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting.
Heads solitary or in glomerules.  385

385. Receptacle bristly. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows. Anthers arrow-shaped, the halves pointed at the base. Pappus of scales. Herbs.
Leaves alternate or radical. Heads solitary.—Species 1. Naturalized in Central Africa. An ornamental plant.  Gaillardia Foug.

Receptacle glabrous, rarely (Tagetes) ciliate at the edges of the pits.  386

386. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, entire. Heads solitary.—Species 9. Central Africa. (Including
Hypericophyllum Steetz).  Jaumea Pers.

Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows.  387

387. Involucral bracts free.  388

Involucral bracts united below. Heads solitary. Anthers entire at the base or with blunt halves.  390

388. Involucral bracts numerous. Heads many-flowered. Female marginal flowers numerous. Anthers arrow-shaped, the halves pointed at the base. Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate or all radical. Heads solitary. (See 124.)  Dimorphotheca Moench

Involucral bracts 2-6. Heads few-flowered. Female marginal flowers solitary or wanting. Anthers entire at the base or with blunt halves.
Heads in glomerules.  389

389. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves opposite.—Species 2. Naturalized in Egypt and Eritrea. They yield dyes and medicaments.  Flaveria Juss.

Pappus of slit scales. Small shrubs. Leaves alternate.—Species 1.
South Africa.  Phaeocephalus S. Moore

390. Pappus wanting. Fruits 5-10-ribbed. Leaves alternate.—Species 15.
South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.  Gamolepis Less.

Pappus of scales or bristles. Herbs.  391

391. Pappus of 3-6 scales. Fruits scarcely ribbed. Leaves opposite, pinnately divided.—Species 3. Naturalized. Ornamental plants, also yielding dyes and medicaments.  Tagetes L.

Pappus of numerous bristles or slit scales. Fruit 10-12-ribbed. Leaves alternate, undivided.—Species 1. South Africa.  Cadiseus E. Mey.