Style 1, with 2-5 stigmas, or styles 2-5. Sepals 5. Leaves alternate.  536

535. Leaves opposite, gland-dotted. Sepals 4-5. Filaments free or united into several bundles.  180. Myrtaceae.

Leaves alternate, rarely dotted. Sepals 2-4. Filaments united into a cup at the base. Fruit indehiscent.  176. Lecythidaceae.

536. Stipules absent. Calyx with open aestivation. Filaments collected in
5 bundles. Ovules in the whole ovary 3, pendulous. Style entire or cleft at the top. Fruit a nut. Kissenia, 164. Loasaceae.

Stipules present. Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Ovules ascending.
Style more or less deeply divided. Fruit a berry or a drupe.  103. Rosaceae.

537. (527.) Style 1, undivided, with a single stigma or with 2 or more stigmas contiguous at their base.  538

Styles 2-20, free or united below, the stigmas not contiguous at the base.  546

538. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals or fewer, 2-16.  539

Stamens more than twice as many as the petals, or stamens and petals very numerous.  543

539. Stamens fewer than the petals, at least apparently (by coalescence), rarely as many as the petals, but then, as usually, herbs with tendrils. Leaves alternate. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous, 5-merous. Fruit usually succulent and indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous.  223. Cucurbitaceae.

Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals. Herbs without tendrils, or woody plants.  540

540. Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens twice as many, rarely as many as the petals; in the latter case leaves with small stipules. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds exalbuminous.  182. Oenotheraceae.

Sepals imbricate or open in bud, rarely valvate, but then either stamens as many as the petals, leaves without stipules, and seeds albuminous, or anthers opening by apical pores.  541

541. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, exstipulate, usually with several longitudinal nerves. Filaments bent down in bud. Anthers usually opening by apical pores. Stigma 1. Seeds exalbuminous.  181. Melastomataceae.

Leaves alternate. Stamens as many as the petals. Fruit capsular.
Seeds albuminous.  542

542. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers or inflorescences in the axils of the leaves or terminal. Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell.  224. Campanulaceae.

Stem woody throughout. Flowers or inflorescences in the axils or on the surface of the leaves. Ovules 6-8 in each ovary-cell. Seeds with an aril.  129. Celastraceae.

543. Petals numerous. Stigmas 4-20. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or undershrubs. Mesembryanthemum, 72. Aizoaceae.

Petals 4-8. Stigma 1, entire or lobed. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.  544

544. Sepals 5-8, red, with valvate aestivation. Petals crumpled in the bud.
Ovules at first basal, finally parietal. Leaves not dotted. Punica, 175. Punicaceae.

Sepals 2-4, rarely more, but then with imbricate, open, or closed aestivation.
Ovules axile.  545

545. Leaves alternate, rarely dotted. Sepals 2-4. Filaments united into a cup at the base.  176. Lecythidaceae.

Leaves opposite, gland-dotted.  180. Myrtaceae.

546. (537.) Stamens 2-10.  547

Stamens numerous.  548

547. Stamens fewer than the petals, at least apparently (by coalescence), more rarely as many as the petals, but then, as usually, tendril-bearing herbs. Styles usually 3. Flowers 5-merous, unisexual or polygamous.
Fruit more or less berry-like. Seeds exalbuminous.  223. Cucurbitaceae.

Stamens as many as the petals, 4-5, and then styles 2 and stem woody, or twice as many. Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous, rarely exalbuminous, but then flowers 4-merous.  96. Saxifragaceae.

548. Petals 3-5. Seeds exalbuminous.  549

Petals numerous. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or undershrubs.  550

549. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals not distinctly differentiated, together
8-9. Ovules many in each ovary-cell. Begonia, 165. Begoniaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals and petals distinctly differentiated, together 10. Ovules few in each ovary-cell. Shrubs. Cydonia, 103. Rosaceae.

550. Sepals nearly hypogynous, 4. Ovules inserted upon the dissepiments.
Fruit bursting irregularly. Embryo straight. Leaves radical, floating, peltate or cordate. Flowers solitary. Nymphaea, 76. Nymphaeaceae.

Sepals epigynous, usually 5. Ovules basal or parietal. Fruit opening loculicidally. Embryo curved. Leaves not floating. Flowers in cymes or panicles. Mesembryanthemum, 72. Aizoaceae.

551. (52.) Ovary superior or nearly so.  552

Ovary inferior to half-inferior.  728

552. Ovary 1, entire or lobed.  553

Ovaries 2 or more, separate or cohering at the base only.  719

553. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely chambered.  554

Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, at least at the time of flowering (sometimes incompletely septate in the bud).  604

554. Ovule 1.  555

Ovules 2 or more.  570

555. Ovule erect or ascending.  556

Ovule pendulous or descending. Style simple.  564

556. Style 1, entire or cleft at the top into 2 or more stigmas (or branches stigmatose on the inside).  557

Styles 3-5, free or united at the base. Stamens 5, opposite the petals.  563

557. Stamens free from the corolla or inserted on its base.  558

Stamens inserted on the upper part or near the middle of the corolla.  561

558. Corolla (or corolla-like perianth) with valvate or folded aestivation.
Leaves exstipulate.  69. Nyctaginaceae.

Corolla with imbricate or open aestivation; in the latter case leaves stipulate. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla.  559

559. Flowers 5-merous. Stigmas 3. Herbs. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Cometes, 75. Caryophyllaceae.

Flowers 4-merous. Stigma 1.  560

560. Flowers unisexual, solitary or in fascicles. Seeds albuminous. Herbs.
Leaves all radical, exstipulate. Litorella, 218. Plantaginaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in racemes or panicles. Seeds exalbuminous.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Salvadora, 131. Salvadoraceae.

561. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 4. Leaves whorled.
Shrubs.  205. Verbenaceae.

Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla.  562

562. Stamens alternating with the divisions of the corolla (or the petaloid staminodes). Seeds albuminous.  68. Amarantaceae.

Stamens opposite the divisions of the corolla (or petaloid perianth), 4.
Stigma 1. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees.  55. Proteaceae.

563. (556.) Sepals 2. Anthers turned outwards. Styles 3. Seeds with curved embryo.  74. Basellaceae.

Sepals 5. Anthers turned inwards. Styles 5. Seeds with straight embryo.  192. Plumbaginaceae.

564. Petals in the male flowers 2-4, united below, in the female 1-2, free.
Sepals in the male flowers 4, in the female 1-2. Stamens 4-10, with united filaments.  80. Menispermaceae.

Petals united below in the flowers of both sexes, or flowers hermaphrodite.  565

565. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the calyx or corolla, 4. Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Flowers 5-merous, irregular. Seeds albuminous.  566

Stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla, rarely
(Ericaceae) fewer, but then only 3.  567

566. Ovary 1-celled from the beginning. Stigma 2-lobed, rarely entire, and then corolla-lobes very unequal.  215. Globulariaceae.

Ovary originally 2-celled, one cell becoming rudimentary. Stigma entire.
Corolla-lobes almost equal. Microdon, 208. Scrophulariaceae.

567. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla (or corolla-like perianth), 4, inserted on the upper part or near the middle of the corolla. Corolla valvate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous.  55. Proteaceae.

Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or fewer or more numerous, inserted on the base of the corolla or free from it.  568

568. Stamens 10, perigynous. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits.
Flowers regular.  171. Thymelaeaceae.

Stamens 3-8, hypogynous.  569

569. Flowers regular. Sepals 3-4. Corolla-lobes 3-4. Anthers opening by two pores or slits. Seeds albuminous.  189. Ericaceae.

Flowers irregular. Sepals 5. Corolla-lobes 3 or 5. Stamens 8. Anthers opening by a single pore or slit. Seeds exalbuminous. Securidaca, 120. Polygalaceae.

570. (554.) Ovules 2.  571

Ovules 3 or more.  578

571. Stamens 4, fewer than the divisions of the corolla. Flowers irregular.
Leaves opposite.  572

Stamens 3 or more, as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla.  573

572. Anthers opening by pores. Fruit a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in clusters. Afromendoncia, 216. Acanthaceae.

Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Stigmas 2. Fruit a capsule or nut. Seeds albuminous. Prostrate herbs. Flowers solitary. Linariopsis, 210. Pedaliaceae.

573. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla, 4-5. Leaves simple, entire toothed or lobed. Flowers regular.  574

Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, rarely the same number, but then, as usually, leaves compound.  576

574. Stamens opposite to the divisions of the corolla. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Ovules ascending. Leaves stipulate. Waltheria, 144. Sterculiaceae.

Stamens alternating with the divisions of the corolla. Leaves exstipulate.  575

575. Ovules erect. Style 2-parted, rarely simple, and then herbs. Calyx with imbricate, corolla with valvate or folded aestivation.  202. Convolvulaceae.

Ovules pendulous. Style simple or wanting. Shrubs or trees.  132. Icacinaceae.

576. Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, but fewer than twice as many, 4-7, usually 6. Anthers opening by pores. Corolla 4-lobed.
Leaves whorled, undivided, linear. Salaxis, 189. Ericaceae.

Stamens as many or twice as many as the divisions of the corolla, or more.
Leaves alternate.  577

577. Corolla regular, 5-partite, with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 10, five of them sometimes sterile. Ovules erect, straight. Shrubs or trees.
Leaves compound, exstipulate. Flowers in panicles or racemes. Connarus, 104. Connaraceae.

Corolla regular, with valvate aestivation, or irregular. Ovules inverted.
Leaves usually stipulate.  105. Leguminosae.

578. (570.) Ovules basal or inserted upon a free central placenta.  579

Ovules parietal.  587

579. Ovules 3, pendulous. Style simple. Fertile stamens as many as and opposite the corolla-lobes, 5-6, or fewer, 3. Flowers regular. Fruit
a drupe. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves alternate. Olax, 59. Olacaceae.

Ovules 3, ascending, or more.  580

580. Style 3-cleft. Stamens more than corolla-lobes, 8-30, rarely fewer, 3.
Sepals 2. Corolla-lobes 5. Herbs or undershrubs.  73. Portulacaceae.

Style simple or 2-cleft, rarely (Caryophyllaceae) 3-cleft, but then sepals, corolla-lobes and stamens 5 each.  581

581. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, 3-7. Style simple.  582

Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or fewer or more numerous.  583

582. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs.  191. Primulaceae.

Fruit a nut, berry, or drupe. Shrubs or trees, very rarely herbs or undershrubs.
Leaves alternate, gland-dotted.  190. Myrsinaceae.

583. Stamens 5. Flowers regular.  584

Stamens 2, 4, or 8.  585

584. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Corolla deeply divided, with imbricate aestivation. Styles 1 or 3. Herbs or undershrubs.  75. Caryophyllaceae.

Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Styles 1-2.  202. Convolvulaceae.

585. Stamens 4, free from the corolla, or 8. Flowers regular, 4-merous. Stigma
1. Seeds albuminous. Low shrubs. Leaves whorled, narrow.  189. Ericaceae.

Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla-tube, or 2.  586

586. Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Stamens 2. Style wanting. Sepals
2 or 5. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped. Leaves alternate or all radical.
Herbs.  214. Lentibulariaceae.

Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Style present. Ovules 4.
Leaves opposite or whorled.  205. Verbenaceae.

587. (578.) Ovules attached to a single placenta. Style simple. Stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla. Leaves alternate, compound or reduced to the dilated petiole.  105. Leguminosae.

Ovules attached to two or more placentas. 588.

588. Style simple or 2-cleft.  589

Style 3-10-cleft. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.  603

589. Fertile stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 1-4.  590

Fertile stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla.  595

590. Fertile stamen 1, staminodes 3. Corolla-lobes 4. Stigma 2-cleft. Herbs.
Leaves opposite, undivided.  199. Gentianaceae.

Fertile stamens 2 or 4.  591

591. Fertile stamens 2. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers irregular.  592

Fertile stamens 4.  594

592. Seeds 4, with thin albumen. Fruit a capsule with a drupaceous rind
Ovules 4-16. Stigma 2-parted. Staminodes 3. Martynia, 211. Martyniaceae.

Seeds numerous, without albumen. Ovules numerous.  593

593. Disc wanting. Ovary and fruit ovate. Placentas little projecting.
Staminodes none. Small water-plants. Leaves opposite. Dintera, 208. Scrophulariaceae.

Disc rarely wanting, and then ovary and fruit linear or oblong and placentas much projecting.  213. Gesneraceae.

594. Placentas 2. Fruit a berry or nut. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves compound.  209. Bignoniaceae.

Placentas 4. Fruit a capsule. Seeds albuminous. Herbs without green colour. Leaves scale-like. Flowers irregular.  212. Orobanchaceae.

595. (589.) Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla, 3-8.  596

Stamens more numerous than the divisions of the corolla, 7 or more.
Shrubs or trees.  600

596. Style stigmatose beneath the thickened, often 2-lobed apex. Placentas
2. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Flowers regular or nearly so,
5-, rarely 4-merous. Juice milky.  200. Apocynaceae.

Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Juice not milky.  597

597. Leaves and stem without green colour; stem herbaceous, leaves scale-like.
Flowers irregular. Stamens 4. Placentas 4.  212. Orobanchaceae.

Leaves green, rarely (Gentianaceae) without green colour, but then flowers regular, stamens 5 and placentas 2.  598

598. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Stem woody. Bark resinous.
Flowers regular, 5-merous. Stigma 1. Pittosporum, 97. Pittosporaceae.

Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate or all radical, but then stem herbaceous.  599

599. Stem woody. Leaves opposite or whorled, usually stipulate. Flowers
4-merous.  198. Loganiaceae.

Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, rarely throughout, but then flowers 5-merous. Leaves exstipulate.  199. Gentianaceae.

600. Stamens 7-18, with united filaments. Placentas 3-5.  601

Stamens 23 or more, with free filaments. Leaves undivided.  602

601. Sepals 3. Corolla-lobes 4-6. Stamens 7-9 or 14-18. Anthers opening outwards. Cinnamosma, 157. Winteranaceae.

Sepals 4-5. Corolla-lobes 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Anthers opening inwards or laterally.  118. Meliaceae.

602. Corolla-lobes 6. Sepals 3. Filaments and styles very short. Placentas numerous, confluent. Albumen abundant, ruminate.  81. Anonaceae.

Corolla-lobes 11-14. Sepals 2-4. Filaments and styles long. Placentas
2, two-cleft. Albumen scanty, uniform. Hoplestigma, 194. Hoplestigmataceae.

603. (588.) Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, 3-5. Fruit a capsule.
Herbs or undershrubs.  162. Achariaceae.

Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes, 10. Fruit a berry. Trees. Carica, 163. Caricaceae.

604. (553.) Ovary 2-celled.  605

Ovary 3- or more-celled.  669

605. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.  606

Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.  621

606. Ovules erect or ascending.  607

Ovules pendulous, descending, or horizontal.  611

607. Fertile stamens 2 or 4.  608

Fertile stamens 5 or 6.  609

608. Seeds borne on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, exalbuminous. Fruit capsular.  216. Acanthaceae.

Seeds not on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle.  205. Verbenaceae.

609. Stamens opposite the divisions of the corolla. Anthers opening outwards.
Stigma 1. Trees or shrubs.  193. Sapotaceae.

Stamens alternate with the divisions of the corolla. Anthers opening inward.  610

610. Stigma 1. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Rochelia, 204. Borraginaceae.

Stigmas 2. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Seeds albuminous. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Gaertnera, 219. Rubiaceae.

611. (606.) Fertile stamens 2 or 4.  612

Fertile stamens 5 or more.  618

612. Stamens 4, free from the corolla. Corolla regular or nearly so, 2-4-lobed.
Seeds with abundant albumen.  189. Ericaceae.

Stamens inserted on the corolla.  613

613. Corolla scarious, regular, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 1. Fruit opening by a lid. Seeds albuminous. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae.

Corolla not scarious, more or less irregular, rarely regular, but then stamens
2 or stigmas 2.  614

614. Corolla regular. Stamens 2, alternating with the ovary-cells. Disc wanting. Seeds with scanty albumen. Shrubs. Leaves compound, but sometimes with a single leaflet. Jasminum, 197. Oleaceae.

Corolla more or less irregular, rarely regular, but then stamens 4. Leaves simple.  615

615. Flowers regular. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by two slits. Style 2-cleft.
Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. Low shrubs. Leaves alternate. Wellstedia, 204. Borraginaceae.

Flowers more or less irregular. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then anthers opening by a single slit or pore.  616

616. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. Anthers opening by a single slit or pore. Seeds albuminous.  208. Scrophulariaceae.

Leaves opposite or whorled.  617

617. Fruit a capsule. Seeds borne on a hook-like process of the funicle, exalbuminous.  216. Acanthaceae.

Fruit a drupe or a nut. Seeds not on a hook-like process of the funicle, albuminous. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by two slits. Herbs.  205. Verbenaceae.

618. (611.) Flowers distinctly irregular. Stamens united at the base with one another and with the corolla. Anthers opening by a single pore.  120. Polygalaceae.

Flowers regular or nearly so. Anthers opening by two slits or pores.  619

619. Flowers unisexual. Stamens free from the corolla.  122. Euphorbiaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves undivided.  620

620. Calyx and corolla of 2-4 divisions each. Stamens 6-8, free from the corolla or nearly so.  189. Ericaceae.

Calyx and corolla of 5 divisions each. Stamens 5, attached to the corolla; filaments free. Stigmas 2.  200. Apocynaceae.

621. (605.) Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary.  622

Ovules 3 or more in each cell of the ovary.  640

622. Fertile stamens 2-3.  623

Fertile stamens 4-30.  626

623. Flowers regular. Stamens 2, alternating with the ovary-cells, rarely 3.
Disc wanting.  197. Oleaceae.

Flowers more or less irregular. Stamens not regularly alternating with the ovary-cells.  624

624. Leaves stipulate, alternate. Style 2-cleft. Petals 2-cleft. Seeds exalbuminous.
Trees or shrubs. Tapura, 121. Dichapetalaceae.

Leaves exstipulate, opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then, as
nearly always, style simple.  625

625. Seeds borne on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, exalbuminous.  216. Acanthaceae.

Seeds not on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, albuminous.  208. Scrophulariaceae.

626. (622.) Fertile stamens 4.  627

Fertile stamens 5-30.  634

627. Corolla with 4 divisions.  628

Corolla with 5 divisions.  632

628. Flowers more or less irregular. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, without stipules.  216. Acanthaceae.

Flowers regular. Seeds albuminous.  629

629. Corolla scarious, regular. Stigma entire. Fruit opening by a lid. Leaves sessile. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae.

Corolla not scarious.  630

630. Leaves alternate. Styles or stigmas 2. Ovules erect  202. Convolvulaceae.

Leaves opposite or whorled. Shrubs or trees.  631

631. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse lines or ridges.  198. Loganiaceae.

Leaves without either stipules or transverse lines or ridges at their base.  197. Oleaceae.

632. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. Flowers regular or nearly so.
Corolla white. Stigma entire or 4-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous.  217. Myoporaceae.

Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely the upper ones alternate, but then flowers irregular, stigma 2-partite and fruit a capsule or nut.  633

633. Seeds with scanty albumen. Plants with glandular hairs.  210. Pedaliaceae.

Seeds without albumen.  216. Acanthaceae.

634. (626.) Stamens 5.  635

Stamens 8-30.  639

635. Style (or styles) stigmatose beneath the thickened and sometimes 2-lobed apex. Corolla with contorted aestivation.  200. Apocynaceae.

Style (or styles) stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes.  636

636. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate or connected by transverse lines or ridges. Shrubs or trees.  198. Loganiaceae.

Leaves alternate.  637

637. Ovules erect. Corolla lobed or nearly entire, usually folded in bud.  202. Convolvulaceae.

Ovules pendulous. Styles or stigmas 2. Corolla lobed, but imbricate in bud, or deeply divided. Shrubs or trees.  638

638. Leaves stipulate. Flowers in axillary cymes or panicles. Fruit a drupe. Dichapetalum, 121. Dichapetalaceae.

Leaves exstipulate. Flowers in terminal spikes or heads. Fruit a capsule. Lonchostoma, 100. Bruniaceae.

639. Stamens 8. Style 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. Salaxis, 189. Ericaceae.

Stamens 10-30. Styles 2. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Euclea, 195. Ebenaceae.

640. (621.) Fertile stamens 1-4.  641

Fertile stamens 5-16.  658

641. Flowers more or less irregular.  642

Flowers regular.  652

642. Leaves opposite or whorled.  643

Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones.  648

643. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse lines or ridges. Shrubs or trees.  198. Loganiaceae.

Leaves rarely with stipules or transverse lines or ridges at their base, and then herbs or undershrubs.  644

644. Seeds with distinctly developed albumen.  645

Seeds with very scanty albumen or without any.  646

645. Seeds with funicles provided with a wart-like outgrowth. Placentas remaining attached to the beaked and recurved valves of the capsule.
Disc not distinctly developed. Calyx deeply divided. Corolla-lobes
5, with descending aestivation. Anther-halves not confluent. Stigma lobed. Flowers in spikes.  216. Acanthaceae.

Seeds without an outgrowth from the funicle or without a funicle. Placentas usually separating from the valves of the capsule. Disc more or less distinctly developed.  208. Scrophulariaceae.

646. Seeds with scanty albumen. Plants with glandular hairs. Stamens 4.  210. Pedaliaceae.

Seeds without albumen.  647

647. Seeds borne on a large hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, rarely on a small cushion-shaped one, and then herbs. Fruit a capsule, the valves bearing the split dissepiment. Ovules usually few. Leaves simple.  216. Acanthaceae.

Seeds not on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, more or less distinctly winged or marginate. Fruit a capsule, the valves usually separating from the more or less dilated dissepiment, or a nut or berry. Ovules numerous. Stamens 4. Leaves usually compound. Shrubs or trees.  209. Bignoniaceae.

648 (642.) Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation. Partition of the ovary usually placed obliquely to the median plane of the flower.  207. Solanaceae.

Corolla with imbricate, not folded aestivation. Partition of the ovary usually placed transversely to the median plane of the flower.  649

640. Fruit a drupe. Ovules in each ovary-cell 4-6, in pairs placed one above the other. Stigma 1. Stamens 4. Anther-halves confluent at the apex.
Shrubs. Oftia, 217. Myoporaceae.

Fruit a capsule, nut, or berry. Ovules usually numerous.  650

650. Seeds exalbuminous, usually horizontal and winged. Ovules numerous.
Stigmas 2. Stamens 4. Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually compound.  209. Bignoniaceae.

Seeds albuminous. Leaves simple, but sometimes dissected.  651

651. Albumen very thin, nearly membranous. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 2.
Stamens 4. Plants with glandular hairs. Lower leaves opposite.  210. Pedaliaceae.

Albumen distinctly developed.  208. Scrophulariaceae.

652. (641.) Corolla with contorted aestivation. Stamens 4.  653

Corolla with valvate or imbricate, not contorted aestivation.  654

653. Style stigmatose below the apex. Mostly shrubs or trees.  200. Apocynaceae.

Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Herbs or undershrubs.  199. Gentianaceae.

654. Corolla scarious. Stamens 4. Disc wanting. Stigma 1. Fruit dehiscing by a lid. Flowers in spikes or heads. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae.

Corolla not scarious. Fruit dehiscing lengthwise or indehiscent.  655

655. Anthers with confluent halves, opening by a transverse slit. Disc more or less distinctly developed.  208. Scrophulariaceae.

Anthers with distinct halves, opening by two longitudinal slits or apical pores.  656

656. Leaves alternate, simple, but sometimes dissected. Corolla usually folded in bud. Partition of the ovary usually placed obliquely to the median plane of the flower. Ovules generally numerous.  207. Solanaceae.

Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then compound.
Corolla not folded. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs.  657

657. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse lines or ridges, simple, opposite or whorled. Ovules usually numerous.  198. Loganiaceae.

Leaves without either stipules or transverse lines or ridges at their base.
Ovules 3-4 in each ovary-cell. Disc none.  197. Oleaceae.

658. (640.) Leaves opposite or whorled.  659

Leaves alternate.  662

659. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse lines or ridges. Shrubs or trees.  198. Loganiaceae.

Leaves without stipules, but sometimes connected by transverse lines; in this case herbs or undershrubs. Stamens 5.  660

660. Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose at the entire apex. Fruit a berry. Shrubs growing upon trees. Dermatobotrys, 208. Scrophulariaceae.

Corolla with contorted aestivation.  661

661. Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Herbs or undershrubs.  199. Gentianaceae.

Style stigmatose below the apex. Mostly shrubs or trees.  200. Apocynaceae.

662. Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation.  663

Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.  665

663. Stamens free from the corolla. Herbs. Lightfootia, 224. Campanulaceae.

Stamens attached to the corolla.  664

664. Corolla almost entire, somewhat irregular. Trees. Humbertia, 202. Convolvulaceae.

Corolla lobed, rarely almost entire, but then herbs or undershrubs.  207. Solanaceae.

665. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose beneath the thickened and sometimes 2-lobed apex.  200. Apocynaceae.

Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Style (or styles) stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes.  666

666. Styles 2, free or united at the base. Disc wanting. Corolla regular
Seeds albuminous; embryo straight. Herbs or undershrubs.  203. Hydrophyllaceae.

Style 1, undivided.  667

667. Seeds winged, exalbuminous. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Stigmas 2.
Corolla slightly irregular. Shrubs.  209. Bignoniaceae.

Seeds not winged, albuminous.  668

668. Seeds with straight embryo. Fruit a capsule opening lengthwise. Stigma
1. Corolla slightly irregular; tube short.  208. Scrophulariaceae.

Seeds with curved embryo. Fruit a capsule opening by a lid, or a berry.
Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits.  207. Solanaceae.

669. (604.) Ovule 1 in each ovary-cell  670

Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.  685

670. Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or fewer.  671

Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, or more.  679

671. Flowers unisexual, regular. Corolla divided almost to the base. Disc wanting. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Ilex, 128. Aquifoliaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous.  672

672. Anthers opening by an apical pore. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-celled. Flowers irregular.  120. Polygalaceae.

Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits sometimes confluent at the apex; in the latter case ovary 4-celled.  673

673. Stamens free from the corolla or scarcely adhering to it, 4. Flowers regular.  189. Ericaceae.

Stamens evidently attached to the corolla-tube.  674

674. Corolla scarious, 4-lobed, regular. Stamens 4. Disc wanting. Stigma 1.
Ovules pendulous or laterally affixed. Fruit opening by a lid. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae.

Corolla not scarious.  675

675. Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation, regular. Stamens 5. Leaves alternate.  202. Convolvulaceae.

Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.  676

676. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla. Ovules with the micropyle directed upwards. Leaves, all or the upper ones, alternate, undivided.
Inflorescences cymose, usually one-sided and coiled when young.  204. Borraginaceae.

Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, rarely the same number, but then ovules with the micropyle directed downwards and leaves opposite or whorled.  677

677. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones, undivided. Corolla regular,
5-lobed. Stamens 4. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Ovules pendulous, the micropyle directed upwards. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. Myoporum, 217. Myoporaceae.

Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then corolla 2-lipped.
Ovules with the micropyle directed downwards.  678

678. Ovary deeply divided, more rarely slightly lobed, and then, as usually, fruit dry. Inflorescence composed of sometimes one-flowered cymes arranged in false whorls.  206. Labiatae.

Ovary entire, rarely slightly lobed, and then fruit succulent, drupaceous.
Inflorescence usually of the racemose type.  205. Verbenaceae.

679. (670.) Anthers 1-celled, opening by a single slit. Stamens numerous.
Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Leaves simple, stipulate.  142. Malvaceae.

Anthers 2-celled.  680

680. Style 1, undivided.  681

Styles 2 or more, free or partially united.  683

681. Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, 4-8. Fruit a capsule or nut. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.  189. Ericaceae.

Stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla; in the latter case, 12 or more. Fruit a berry.  682

682. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5. Leaves pinnate. Leea, 138. Vitaceae.

Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Leaves undivided.  193. Sapotaceae.

683. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals free. Corolla 5-partite. Stamens 10.
Ovary lobed, 5-celled. Styles 5, free. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.  108. Oxalidaceae.

Flowers unisexual or polygamous, rarely hermaphrodite, but then sepals
united below and ovary-cells twice as many as the styles.  684

684. Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Shrubs or trees. Flowers solitary or in cymes, axillary. Corolla with contorted or valvate aestivation.  195. Ebenaceae.

Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, but then herbs or undershrubs, and corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Flowers in racemes or panicles, unisexual.  122. Euphorbiaceae.

685. (669.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.  686

Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell.  701

686. Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or fewer.  687

Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, or more.  693

687. Stamens 4.  688

Stamens 5-7, rarely (Dichapetalaceae) 2-3 only fertile.  691

688. Corolla irregular, 5-lobed. Seeds with scanty albumen. Herbs. Leaves opposite, lobed, stipulate. Pretrea, 210. Pedaliaceae.

Corolla regular, 4-lobed or 4-parted. Seeds with abundant albumen.
Leaves opposite and exstipulate, or alternate.  689

689. Flowers unisexual. Corolla deeply divided. Fruit a drupe. Ilex, 128. Aquifoliaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Fruit a capsule or nut.  690

690. Stamens free from the corolla or slightly adhering to it at the base.  189. Ericaceae.

Stamens evidently attached to the corolla-tube. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae.

691. Ovary 4-8-celled. Disc wanting. Corolla deeply divided. Flowers unisexual. Ilex, 128. Aquifoliaceae.

Ovary 3-celled. Disc present.  692

692. Corolla folded in the bud. Ovules erect. Seeds albuminous. Ipomoea, 202. Convolvulaceae.

Corolla not folded in the bud. Ovules pendulous. Stigmas 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate.  121. Dichapetalaceae.

693. (686.) Stamens as many to twice as many as the divisions of the corolla.  694

Stamens more than twice as many as the divisions of the corolla.  698

694. Leaves stipulate, alternate. Sepals united below, valvate in bud.  144. Sterculiaceae.

Leaves exstipulate, rarely (Oxalidaceae) stipulate, but then sepals free and imbricate in bud.  695

695. Style 1, undivided.  696

Styles 2-8, free or partially united.  697

696. Stamens 8-10; filaments united; anthers opening by longitudinal slits.  118. Meliaceae.

Stamens 4-8; filaments free, rarely united, but then anthers opening by
apical pores. Leaves undivided.  189. Ericaceae.

697. Sepals free. Corolla deeply divided. Stamens 10. Filaments united in a cup at the base. Styles 5. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.
Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite.  108. Oxalidaceae.

Sepals united below. Filaments free or united in several bundles. Shrubs or trees.  195. Ebenaceae.

698. Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Styles 2-8, free or united at the base.
Shrubs or trees.  195. Ebenaceae.

Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, but then style 1, undivided.  699

699. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Style simple. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided.  145. Scytopetalaceae.

Corolla with contorted, calyx with valvate aestivation.  700

700. Anthers 1-celled.  142. Malvaceae.

Anthers 2-celled.  144. Sterculiaceae.

701. (685.) Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or fewer.  702

Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, or more.  708

702. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 4. Flowers irregular.
Albumen scanty.  703

Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla.  704

703. Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Stigma 1. Ovary 3-celled. Leaves whorled. Shrubs. Bowkeria, 208. Scrophulariaceae.

Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Stigmas 2.  210. Pedaliaceae.

704. Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation.  705

Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.  706

705. Leaves opposite or whorled. Calyx and corolla with valvate aestivation.
Ovary 5-7-celled. Embryo straight. Shrubs. Roussea, 96. Saxifragaceae.

Leaves alternate. Corolla with folded aestivation. Embryo curved.  207. Solanaceae.

706. Stamens free from the corolla or adhering to it at the base.  189. Ericaceae.

Stamens attached on the middle or the upper part of the corolla-tube.  707

707. Fruit a capsule. Disc wanting. Stamens 4. Leaves without stipules. Plantago, 218. Plantaginaceae.

Fruit a berry or a drupe. Leaves opposite or whorled, provided with stipules or connected by transverse lines at the base. Shrubs or trees.  198. Loganiaceae.

708. (701.) Stamens 3-12.  709

Stamens numerous.  714

709. Flowers unisexual. Fruit a berry. Trees or shrubs.  710

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.  711

710. Flowers monoecious. Calyx subentire. Corolla of the male flowers
with a long tube, of the female ones with free petals. Staminodes absent in the female flowers. Ovary sessile. Style short. Stigmas 5.
Leaves lobed. Cylicomorpha, 163. Caricaceae.

Flowers dioecious. Calyx of free sepals. Corolla with a short tube.
Staminodes present in the female flowers. Ovary shortly stalked. Style long. Stigma 1, lobed. Leaves undivided. Cercopetalum, 87. Capparidaceae.

711. Styles 5, free. Stamens 10, united at the base. Calyx with imbricate, corolla with contorted, aestivation.  108. Oxalidaceae.

Style 1, simple or divided; in the latter case calyx with valvate aestivation.  712

712. Leaves exstipulate, undivided.  189. Ericaceae.

Leaves stipulate. Calyx with valvate or closed, corolla with contorted, aestivation.  713

713. Anthers 1-celled, opening by a single slit, twisted, 5. Leaves digitate.
Trees. Ceiba, 143. Bombacaceae.

Anthers 2-celled, opening by two slits or pores.  144. Sterculiaceae.

714. (708.) Corolla of numerous divisions. Styles 5. Leaves without stipules.
Herbs. Orygia, 72. Aizoaceae.

Corolla of 5 divisions.