The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Flowering plants of Africa, by Fr. Thonner.

715

715. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Shrubs or trees. 145. Scytopetalaceae.

Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. 716

716. Calyx with valvate or closed, corolla with contorted, aestivation. Leaves stipulate. 717

Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Shrubs or trees. 719

717. Anthers 2-celled. 144. Sterculiaceae.

Anthers 1-celled. Filaments united. Embryo curved. 718

718. Leaves palmately compound. Trees. 143. Bombacaceae.

Leaves simple. 142. Malvaceae.

719. Stamens 15. Style simple, with 5 stigmas. Albumen abundant. Ficalhoa, 189. Ericaceae.

Stamens more than 15. Albumen scanty or wanting. 148. Theaceae.

720. (552.) Style 1, or styles 2 or more, united at the base or apex. 721
Styles 2 or more, entirely free. 725

721. Stamens numerous. Filaments united. Anthers 1-celled. Ovaries 5 or more. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Leaves stipulate. 142. Malvaceae.

Stamens 2-5. Ovaries 2-5. 722

722. Fertile stamens 2 or 4. Ovaries 4, one-ovuled. Flowers usually irregular.
Leaves usually opposite or whorled. 206. Labiatae.

Fertile stamens 5. Flowers usually regular. 723

723. Ovaries 4, one-ovuled. Style or style-branches stigmatose at the apex
or between the apical lobes. Disc present. Leaves, at least the upper ones, alternate. 204. Borraginaceae.

Ovaries 2, rarely 3 or 5, very rarely 4, but then 2-ovuled. Style or styles stigmatose beneath the thickened apex. Leaves usually opposite. 724

724. Stylar head with 5 gland-like pollen-carriers alternating with and adhering to the anthers. Styles 2, united at the top. Pollen-grains cohering.
Disc wanting. 201. Asclepiadaceae.

Stylar head without pollen-carriers, but sometimes adhering to the anthers.
Styles partially or wholly united. Pollen-grains free. 200. Apocynaceae.

725. Styles 2. Ovaries 2 or 4. Ovules together 4. Stamens 5. Corolla with folded or valvate aestivation. Herbs. 202. Convolvulaceae.

Styles 3 or more. Ovaries 3 or more. 726

726. Sepals 2-3. Corolla-lobes 3-6. Stamens 6 or more. Albumen abundant, ruminate. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. 81. Anonaceae.

Sepals 4 or more, rarely 3, but then stamens 3. Albumen scanty or wanting. 727

727. Flowers unisexual. Ovules solitary in each ovary. Fruits indehiscent.
Trees. Leaves alternate, lobed, stipulate. Platanus, 102. Platanaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary, rarely solitary, but then leaves opposite. Fruits dehiscent. Leaves exstipulate. 728

728. Ovules 2 in each ovary. Flowers 5-merous. Leaves alternate, pinnate.
Shrubs or trees. 104. Connaraceae.

Ovules numerous, rarely 1-2 in each ovary, but then leaves opposite and undivided. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. 95. Crassulaceae.

729. (551.) Ovary single, 1-celled. 730

Ovary 2- or more-celled, or 2 separate ovaries. 747

730. Ovules 1-4, not distinctly separated from the tissues of the ovary.
Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla. Shrubs growing upon trees. Loranthus, 61. Loranthaceae.

Ovules distinctly developed. Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or more, or fewer, rarely opposite the divisions, but then ovules numerous. 731

731. Ovule 1. 732

Ovules 2 or more. 740

732. Ovule erect. 733

Ovule pendulous. 734

733. Stigmas 2. Stamens 3-5; anthers coherent. Corolla with valvate or open aestivation. Calyx little developed. Seed exalbuminous. Flowers in heads, rarely in spikes or umbels or solitary. Leaves exstipulate. 226. Compositae.

Stigmas 3. Stamens 9-10; anthers free. Corolla with contorted, calyx with imbricate aestivation. Seed albuminous. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Leaves stipulate. Tendril-bearing shrubs. Ancistrocladus, 166. Ancistrocladaceae.

734. Leaves alternate. 735

Leaves opposite, whorled, or all radical. 737

735. Flowers unisexual. Seed exalbuminous. Climbing or prostrate plants.
Stamens 2-5. 223. Cucurbitaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Seed albuminous. Erect shrubs. Leaves undivided. 736

736. Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 4 or 5. Stigma 1. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Flowers in terminal heads. Berzelia, 100. Bruniaceae.

Corolla with valvate aestivation. Stamens 6 or more. Stigmas 2-6.
Fruit succulent, drupaceous. Flowers in axillary cymes. Alangium, 178. Alangiaceae.

737. Style 3-parted. Stamens 5. Fruit drupaceous. Shrubs or trees. Viburnum, 220. Caprifoliaceae.

Style simple with 1-3 stigmas or 2-parted. Herbs or undershrubs. 738

738. Stamens 5. Corolla with valvate aestivation. 219. Rubiaceae.

Stamens 1-4. Corolla with imbricate aestivation. 739

739. Flowers in heads. Calyx surrounded by an epicalyx. Stamens 2-4.
Seed albuminous. 222. Dipsacaceae.

Flowers in cymose inflorescences, without an epicalyx. Stamens 1-3.
Seed exalbuminous. 221. Valerianaceae.

740. (731.) Ovules basal or apical or inserted upon a free central placenta. 741

Ovules inserted upon two or more parietal placentas. 745

741. Calyx of 2, corolla of 4-6 divisions. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla or more. Herbs or undershrubs. Portulaca, 73. Portulacaceae.

Calyx and corolla of 4-5 divisions each. Stamens as many or fewer. 742

742. Ovules basal or apical. Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla or fewer. Corolla usually with valvate aestivation. 743

Ovules inserted upon a free central placenta. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla. Corolla with imbricate aestivation. 744

743. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens free. Ovules 4, basal. Stigma
2-lobed. Seeds albuminous. Undershrubs. Merciera, 224. Campanulaceae.

Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Seeds exalbuminous. 223. Cucurbitaceae.

744. Staminodes alternating with the fertile stamens. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs. Samolus, 191. Primulaceae.

Staminodes wanting. Fruit a berry or nut. Shrubs. Maesa, 190. Myrsinaceae.

745. Stamens numerous. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruit a berry. Seeds albuminous. Succulent, usually leafless plants. 167. Cactaceae.

Stamens 2-11. Leafy plants. 746

746. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Stamens 5-11. Fruit capsular.
Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. 219. Rubiaceae.

Corolla with valvate, rarely with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 2-5.
Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Fruit berry- or nut-like. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves nearly always alternate. 223. Cucurbitaceae.

747. (729.) Ovaries 2, distinct. Styles more or less united above, stigmatose beneath the thickened apex. Stamens 5. Leaves usually opposite. 748

Ovary 1. 749

748. Stylar head with 5 gland-like pollen-carriers alternating with the anthers, to which the pollen united into masses adheres. Styles free below the thickened apex. Disc wanting. 201. Asclepiadaceae.

Stylar head without pollen-carriers, but sometimes adhering to the anthers.
Pollen of free grains. 200. Apocynaceae.

749. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. 750

Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. 758

750. Leaves opposite, whorled, or all radical. 751

Leaves alternate. 753

751. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 1-3. Ovary 3-celled.
Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs or undershrubs. 221. Valerianaceae.

Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla. 752

752. Leaves pinnately dissected. Stamens 5. Anthers opening outwards.
Style 3-5-parted. Fruit a drupe. Sambucus, 220. Caprifoliaceae.

Leaves undivided. 219. Rubiaceae.

753. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as or fewer than the divisions of the corolla. Seeds exalbuminous. 223. Cucurbitaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla. Seeds albuminous. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. 754

754. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Ovary 3-4-celled. Leaves undivided. 59. Olacaceae.

Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla or more. 755

755. Flowers irregular. Corolla folded in bud. Ovules erect. Stigma 1, enclosed by a cup. Leaves undivided. Scaevola, 225. Goodeniaceae.

Flowers regular. Ovules pendulous. 756

756. Corolla with imbricate aestivation, divided nearly to the base. Styles or stigmas 2. Leaves undivided. 100. Bruniaceae.

Corolla with valvate aestivation. 757

757. Flowers in cymes. Petals slightly cohering at the base. Leaves undivided. Alangium, 178. Alangiaceae.

Flowers in umbels, heads, racemes, or spikes. Petals usually united throughout their whole length. Leaves usually compound. 185. Araliaceae.

758. (749.) Stamens as many as or fewer than the divisions of the corolla. 759

Stamens more numerous than the divisions of the corolla. 769

759. Leaves opposite or whorled. 760

Leaves alternate. 764

760. Leaves stipulate, undivided. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, inserted on the corolla, with free filaments. 219. Rubiaceae.

Leaves exstipulate. 761

761. Flowers unisexual. Seeds exalbuminous. 223. Cucurbitaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes. Seeds albuminous. 762

762. Stamens free from the corolla or nearly so. Corolla with valvate aestivation.
Usually herbs. 224. Campanulaceae.

Stamens evidently inserted upon the corolla, 5. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Usually shrubs or trees. 763

763. Flowers more or less irregular. Corolla with imbricate aestivation.
Style stigmatose at the apex. Fruit a berry. Shrubs. 220. Caprifoliaceae.

Flowers regular. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose below the apex. Ovary 2-celled. 200. Apocynaceae.

764. Leaves stipulate, entire. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Dichapetalum, 121. Dichapetalaceae.

Leaves exstipulate, rarely stipulate, but then more or less deeply divided or stamens fewer than 5 or ovules numerous. 765

765. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, 5-merous, regular, rarely somewhat irregular, in the latter case, as usually, stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla. Seeds exalbuminous. 223. Cucurbitaceae.

Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual or polygamous, but then irregular. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla. Seeds albuminous. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. 766

766. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Ovary 2-celled. Style simple, stigmatose beneath the thickened apex. 200. Apocynaceae.

Corolla with imbricate (not contorted) or valvate aestivation. Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. 767

767. Corolla imbricate in bud, regular. Ovary 2-celled, with 2-4 ovules in each cell. Style simple with 2 stigmas or 2-parted. Shrubs or undershrubs. 100. Bruniaceae.

Corolla valvate in bud, rarely imbricate, but then irregular or ovules
numerous. Style simple. 768

768. Style with hairs or glands in its upper part, rarely without, and then corolla irregular or imbricate in bud. Stigma more or less deeply divided, at least after the period of flowering. 224. Campanulaceae.

Style without hairs or glands. Stigma entire, capitate. Ovary 3-4-celled with numerous ovules. Anthers free. Corolla regular, 5-partite, valvate in bud. Undershrubs. Berenice, 96. Saxifragaceae.

769. (758.) Stamens 8-10. Seeds with a straight embryo and abundant fleshy albumen. Vaccinium, 189. Ericaceae.

Stamens numerous. 770

770. Corolla of numerous petals united at the base. Seeds with a curved embryo and mealy albumen. Herbs or undershrubs. Mesembryanthemum, 72. Aizoaceae.

Corolla of 3-6 petals. Shrubs or trees. 771

771. Petals united at the base, imbricate in bud. Filaments united at the base. Ovary inferior. Seeds exalbuminous. 176. Lecythidaceae.

Petals united into a hood throughout their whole length, sometimes finally separating. Filaments free or nearly so. 772

772. Ovary half-inferior. Seeds albuminous. Rhaptopetalum, 145. Scytopetalaceae.

Ovary inferior. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves gland-dotted. 180. Myrtaceae.