The Footman should study the following Tables of Priority of Rank among Persons of distinction,—a knowledge of which will enable him to evince peculiar Tact in his situation, and save his Master or Mistress much trouble in directing him, when waiting at Table.

A Table of Precedency among Gentlemen,—who ought to be served according to their respective Ranks.
1.	King’s Sons.
2.	King’s Brothers.
3.	King’s Uncles.
4.	King’s Grandsons.
5.	King’s Nephews.
6.	Archbishop of Canterbury.
7.	Lord high Chancellor.
8.	Archbishop of York.
9.	Lord Treasurer.
10.	Lord President of the Privy Council.
11.	Lord Privy Seal.
12.	Lord High Constable.
13.	Lord Great Chamberlain of England.
14.	Earl Marshall.
15.	Lord High Admiral.
16.	Lord Steward of the Household.
17.	Dukes according to their Patents.
18.	Marquesses.
19.	Dukes’ eldest Sons.
20.	Earls.
21.	Marquesses’ eldest Sons.
22.	Dukes’ younger Sons.
23.	Viscounts.
24.	Earls’ eldest Sons.
25.	Marquesses’ eldest Sons.
26.	Bishop of London.
27.	Bishop of Durham.
28.	Bishop of Winchester.
29.	Bishops according to their seniority of consecration.
30.	Barons.
31.	Speaker of the House of Commons.
32.	Viscounts’ eldest Sons.
33.	Earls’ younger Sons.
34.	Barons’ eldest Sons.
35.	Knights of the Garter.
36.	Privy Councillors.
37.	Chancellor of the Exchequer.
38.	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
39.	Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.
40.	The Master of the Rolls.
41.	The Vice-Chancellor.
42.	Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
43.	Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer.
44.	Judges and Barons of the Exchequer according to seniority.
45.	Knights Bannerets royal.
46.	Viscounts’ younger Sons.
47.	Barons’ younger Sons.
48.	Baronets.
49.	Knights Bannerets.
50.	Knights of the Bath Grand Crosses.
51.	Knights Commanders of the Bath.
52.	Knights Bachelors.
53.	Eldest Sons of the eldest Sons of Peers.
54.	Baronets’ eldest Sons.
55.	Knights of the Garter’s eldest Sons.
56.	Bannerets’ eldest Sons.
57.	Knights of the Bath’s eldest Sons.
58.	Knights’ eldest Sons.
59.	Baronets’ younger Sons.
60.	Sergeants at Law.
61.	Doctors, Deans, and Chancellors.
62.	Masters in Chancery.
63.	Companions of the Bath.
64.	Esquires of the King’s Body.
65.	Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber.
66.	Esquires of the Knights of the Bath.
67.	Esquires by creation.
68.	Esquires by office or commission.
69.	Younger Sons of the Knights of the Garter.
70.	Younger Sons of Bannerets.
71.	Younger Sons of Knights of the Bath.
72.	Younger Sons of Knights Bachelors.
73.	Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
74.	Clergymen not dignitaries,
75.	Barristers at Law.
76.	Officers of the Navy.
77.	Officers of the Army.
78.	Citizens.
79.	Burgesses.
80.	Married Men and Widowers, before Single Men of the same rank.
Precedency among Ladies.
1.	Daughters of the King.
2.	Wives of the King’s Sons.
3.	Wives of the King’s Brothers.
4.	Wives of the King’s Uncles.
5.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Dukes of the blood royal.
6.	Wives of the King’s Nephews.
7.	Duchesses.
8.	Marchionesses.
9.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Dukes.
10.	Daughters of Dukes.
11.	Countesses.
12.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Marquesses.
13.	Daughters of Marquesses.
14.	Wives of the younger Sons of Dukes.
15.	Viscountesses.
16.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Earls.
17.	Daughters of Earls.
18.	Wives of the younger Sons of Marquesses.
19.	Wives of Archbishops.
20.	Wives of Bishops.
21.	Baronesses.
22.	Wives of the eldest sons of Viscounts.
23.	Daughters of Viscounts.
24.	Wives of the younger Sons of Earls.
25.	Wives of the Sons of Barons.
26.	Maids of Honour.
27.	Wives of the younger Sons of Viscounts.
28.	Wives of the younger Sons of Barons.
29.	Wives of Baronets.
30.	Wives of the Knights of the Garter.
31.	Wives of Bannerets.
32.	Wives of Knights Grand Crosses of the Bath.
33.	Wives of Knights Commanders of the Bath.
34.	Wives of Knights Bachelors.
35.	Wives of the eldest Sons of the younger Sons of Peers.
36.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Baronets.
37.	Daughters of Baronets.
38.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Knights of the Garter.
39.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Bannerets.
40.	Daughters of Bannerets.
41.	Wives of the eldest Sons of Knights of the Bath.
42.	Daughters of Knights of the Bath.
43.	Wives of the Eldest Sons of Knights Bachelors.
44.	Daughters of Knights Bachelors.
45.	Wives of the younger Sons of Baronets.
46.	Daughters of Knights.
47.	Wives of the Companions of the Order of the Bath.
48.	Wives of the Esquires of the King’s Body.
49.	Wives of the Esquires of the Knights of the Bath.
50.	Wives of Esquires by creation.
51.	Wives of Esquires by office.
52.	Wives of younger Sons of Knights of the Garter.
53.	Wives of the younger Sons of Bannerets.
54.	Wives of the younger Sons of Knights of the Bath.
55.	Wives of the younger Sons of Knights Bachelors.
56.	Wives of Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
57.	Daughters of Esquires entitled to bear arms.
58.	Daughters of Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
59.	Wives of Clergymen.
60.	Wives of Barristers at Law.
61.	Wives of Officers in the Navy.
62.	Wives of Officers in the Army.
63.	Wives of Citizens.
64.	Wives of Burgesses.
65.	Widows.
66.	Daughters of Citizens.
67.	Daughters of Burgesses.
In Addition to the above Regulations, observe:
1.	That Preference is to be given to Persons of superior Age of the same Rank.
2.	That Ladies of all Ranks are to be served before their Husbands.
3.	That, among Ladies—Wives Rank first,—Widows next,—and unmarried Ladies last.
4.	That Strangers are, in all Cases, to be served first, and the Young Ladies of your own Family last.
Note also,—That at Public Meetings in the Country, preference is usually given to the Lady of the greatest Landholder.

Modes of Address in Writing and Speaking.

TO THE ROYAL FAMILY.

To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty:—Sire, or May it please your Majesty.

To his Royal Highness Frederick, Duke of York:—May it please your Royal Highness. And so to all the rest of the Royal Family, male and female, changing their names and titles.

TO THE NOBILITY.

To His Grace the Duke of Wellington:—My Lord Duke—Your Grace. To the most Noble The Marquis of B.:—My Lord Marquis—Your Lordship. To the Rt. Hon. The Earl of D. To the Right Hon. Lord Viscount F. To the Right Hon. Lord G.:—My Lord—Your Lordship.

Note.—Noblemen’s Wives are to be addressed in the same style.

Note also, that by courtesy of England, all the Sons of Dukes and Marquesses and the eldest Sons of Earls, have the titles of Lord and Right Honourable; and their daughters have the title of Honourable, but without any other addition. Every gentleman, in any place of honour or trust, is styled Honourable.

The Members of His Majesty’s Privy Council, the Lord Mayors of London, York, and Dublin, and the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, for the time being, are styled Right Honourable.

Every considerable Servant to his Majesty, or any other of the Royal Family, is, while on the Civil, Naval, or Military List, distinguished by the title of Esquire.

Every Member of Parliament is an Esquire, but if he has a higher title, remember always to address him and every Gentleman by his highest title.

TO THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

To the Right Hon. the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, in the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom, Assembled:—My Lords—May it please Your Lordships.

TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

To the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, in the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom, Assembled:—Gentlemen—May it please Your Honourable House. To the Right Hon. Sir A. B. Speaker of the Honourable House of Commons.—As he is generally a member of the Privy Council—Right Honourable Sir.

TO THE CLERGY.

To the most Reverend Father in God, A. Lord Archbishop of C.:—My Lord—Your Grace. To the Right Reverend Father in God, B. Lord Bishop of L.:—Right Reverend Sir. To the very Reverend Mr. or Dr. C. D. Dean of E. To the Reverend Mr. or Dr. F.

Chancellor of G.
Archdeacon of H.
Prebendary of I.			Reverend Sir.
Rector of K.
Vicar of L.
Curate of M.

Note.—All Clergymen are styled Reverend.

TO THE OFFICERS OF HIS MAJESTY’S HOUSEHOLD.

The Officers of His Majesty’s Household are generally addressed according to their Quality, and sometimes according to their Office, or both; as

To My Lord Steward.
My Lord Chamberlain.
The Rt. Hon. The Earl of B.
Lord Privy Seal—Lord President of the Council, &c. &c.—One of His Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State, &c.—My Lord. To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury—of the Admiralty, &c. My Lords—or May it please Your Lordships. To the Honourable the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Board of Customs—Excise, &c.:—May it please Your Honours.

TO MILITARY OFFICERS.

To the Right Hon. The Earl of B. Captain of His Majesty’s first Troop of Horse Guards, &c. To A. B. Esq. Lieut. General of ——, Surveyor-General of the Ordnance.

TO NAVAL OFFICERS.

To His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence:—Lord High Admiral of Great Britain:—May it please Your Royal Highness. To Vice-Admirals, or Rear-Admirals:—Sir—or Your Honour—except they be Noblemen.

TO AMBASSADORS.

To His Excellency Sir A. B. Bart. Envoy Extraordinary from His Britannic Majesty to ——; Ambassador to ——; Resident at, &c.:—Your Excellency. To the Secretaries and Consuls:—Sir.

TO THE JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

To the Right Honourable A. Baron of B.—Lord High Chancellor—Lord Chief Justice of the King’s-Bench, &c.:—My Lord—Your Lordship.

N.B.—All the other Judges, in their Official Capacities, are styled Lords, &c. and every Barrister is styled Esquire. Private Gentlemen in the Commission of the Peace, Sheriffs and Recorders, are also styled Esquires, with the appellation of Worshipful. But, the Aldermen and Recorder of the City of London, and all Mayors of Corporations, have the title of Right Worshipful.

Bodies Corporate are styled Honourable, and sometimes Worshipful.

Abbreviations in Writing and Printing

————

A.B. or B.A. Bachelor of Arts.

A.M. or M.A. Master of Arts.

A.M. Anno Mundi. In the year of the world.

A.D. Anno Domini. In the year of our Lord.

A. M. Ante Meridiem. Before noon.

Acct. Account.

Ann. Annum. Yearly. Per Annum. By the year.

Ansr. Answer.

Abp. Archbishop.

Adml. Admiral.

Admr. Administrator.

B.V.M. Blessed Virgin Mary.

Bart. Baronet.

C.C.C. Corpus Christi College.

Ct. or Cent. An hundred.

Capt. Captain.

Col. Colonel.

Co. Company, County.

C.S. Custos Sigili. Keeper of the Seal.

Cr. Creditor.

Dr. Debtor. Doctor.

D.D. Doctor in Divinity.

D. Duke.

Do. Ditto, the same.

E.G. exempli gratia. For example.

E. Earl.

Esqr. Esquire.

Extr. Executor.

F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society.

F.S.A. Fellow of the Society of Arts.

G.R. Georgius Rex, King George.

Genl. General.

Gent. Gentlemen.

Govr. Governor.

Hum. Humble.

Honble. Honourable.

Imp. Imprimis, first.

Inst. Instant.

It. Item, also.

Id. Idem, Ibid. Ibidem, the same.

i.e. id est, that is.

J.H.S. Jesus Hominum Salvator. Jesus Saviour of Men.

K.G. Knight of the Garter.

K.B. Knight of the Bath.

Knt. Knight.

Ld. Lord.

Lp. Lordship.

LL.D. Doctor of Laws.

Lday. Lady-day.

Lieut. Lieutenant.

L.C.J. Lord Chief Justice.

M.D. Doctor in Medicine.

M.S. Memoria Sacrum. Sacred to the Memory.

M. Marquis.

Mr. Master.

Mrs. Mistress.

Mem. Memento. Remember.

Mich. Michaelmas.

Midsr. Midsummer.

Madm. Madam.

Messrs. Masters, or Gentlemen.

Monsr. Monsieur.

MS. Manuscript.

Math. Mathematics, or Mathematician.

N.B. Nota Bene, Mark well.

N.S. New Style.

No. Numero. Number.

O.S. Old Style.

Obedt. Obedient.

P. M. Post Meridiem, Afternoon.

Philo. Math. Lover of Learning.

Pd. Paid.

Per. By.

Penult. Last except one.

P.S. Postscript.

Qty. Quantity.

Q.E.D. which is demonstrated.

q.d. quasi dicat, as much as to say.

Rex. King.

Regina. Queen.

Rt. Hon. Right Honourable.

Rt. Revd. Right Reverend.

Rt. Wpful. Right Worshipful.

Recd. Received.

Rect. Receipt.

St. Saint, Holy.

St. Street.

Servt. Servant.

Ult. Ultimo. Last.

Viz. Videlicet, Namely.

Wp. Worship.

Xmas. Christmas.

&c. Et cetera, and so forth.

LIST of FRENCH and other FOREIGN WORDS and PHRASES in common Use, with their Pronunciation and Explanation.

Aid-de-camp (aid-di-cong). Assistant to a general.

A-la-mode (al-a-mode). In the fashion.

Antique (an-teek). Ancient, or Antiquity.

A propos (ap-ro-po). To the purpose, Seasonably, or By the bye.

Auto da fe (auto-da-fa). Act of faith (burning of heretics).

Bagatelle (ba-ga-tel). Trifle.

Beau (bo). A man drest fashionably.

Beau monde (bo-mond). People of fashion.

Belle (bell). A woman of fashion or beauty.

Belles lettres (bell-letter). Polite literature.

Billet doux (bil-le-doo). Love letter.

Bon mot (bon-mo). A piece of wit.

Bon ton (bon-tong). Fashion.

Boudoir (boo-dwar). A small private apartment.

Carte blanche (cart-blansh). Unconditional terms.

Chateau (shat-o). Country-seat.

Chef d’œuvre (she-deuvre). Master piece.

Ci-devant (see-de-vang). Formerly.

Comme il faut (com-e-fo). As it should be.

Con amore (con-a-mo-re). Gladly.

Conge d’elire (congee-de-leer). Permission to choose.

Corps (core). Body.

Coup de grace (coo-de-grass). Finishing stroke.

Coup de main (coo-de-main). Sudden enterprize.

Coup d’œil (coo-deil) View, or Glance.

Debut (de-bu). Beginning.

Denouement (de-nooa-mong). Finishing, or Winding up.

Dernier ressort (dern-yair-res-sor). Last resort.

Depôt (dee-po). Store, or Magazine.

Dieu et mon droit (dew-a-mon-drwau). God and my right.

Double entendre (doo-blean-tan-der). Double meaning.

Douceur (doo-seur). A bribe.

Eclaircissement (ec-lair-cis-mong). Explanation.

Eclat (ec-la). Splendour.

Eleve (el-ave). Pupil.

En bon point (ang-bon-poing). Jolly.

En flute (ang-flute). Carrying guns on the upper deck only.

En masse (ang-mass). In a mass.

En passant (ang-pas-sang). By the way.

Ennui (ang-wee). Tiresomeness.

Entreé (ong-tray). Entrance.

Faux pas (fo-pa). Misconduct.

Honi soit qui mal y pense (ho-nee-swau kee mal e panss). May evil happen to him who evil thinks.

Ich dien (ik deen). I serve.

Incógnito. Disguised, or unknown.

In pétto. Hid, or in reserve.

Je ne sais quoi (ge-ne-say-kwan). I know not what.

Jeu de mots (zheu-de-mo). Play upon words.

Jeu d’esprit (zheu-de-sprie). Play of wit.

L’argent (lar-zhang). Money, or silver.

Mal-a-propos (mal-ap-ro-po). Unseasonable, or unseasonably.

Mauvaise honte (mo-vaiz honte). Unbecoming bashfulness.

Nom de guerre (nong des giair). Assumed name.

Nonchalance (non-shal-ance). Indifference.

Outre (oot-ray). Preposterous.

Perdue (per-due). Concealed.

Petit maitre (pette e maiter). Fop.

Protege (pro-te-zhay). A person patronized and protected.

Rouge (rooge). Red, or red paint.

Sang froid (sang-froau). Coolness.

Sans (sang). Without.

Savant (sav-ang). A learned man.

Soi-disant (swau-dee-zang). Pretended.

Tête-a-tête (tait-a-tait). Face to face, or private conversation of two persons.

Unique (yew-neek). Singular.

Valet de chambre (val’-e-de-shamb). Footman.

Vive le roi (veev-ler-wau). Long live the king.

EXPLANATION of LATIN WORDS and PHRASES in common use.
N. B. The pronunciation is the same as if the words were English;
but divided into distinct syllables, and accented as below.
	Ad cap-tan′dum. To attract
	Ad in-fin′-i-tum. To infinity
	Ad lib′-it-um. At pleasure
	Ad ref-er-end′-um. For consideration
	Ad va-lo′-rem. According to value
	A for-ti-o′-ri. With stronger reason
	A′-li-as. Otherwise
	Al′-ib-i. Proof of having been elsewhere
	Al′-ma ma′ter. University
	Ang′-li-ce. In English
	A pri-o′-ri. From a prior reason
	Ar-ca′num, or Ar-ca′-na. Secret, or Secrets
	Ar-gu-men′-tum ad hom′-in-em. Personal argument
	Au′di al′-ter-am par′-tem. Hear both sides
	Bo′-na fi′-de. In reality.
	Cac-o-e′-thes scri-ben-di. Passion for writing
	Com′-pos men′-tis. In one’s senses
	Cre′-dat Ju-dæ′us. I do not believe it
	Cum mul′-tis a′-li-is. With many others
	Cum priv-i-le′-gi-o. With privilege
	Da′-tum, or Da′-ta. Point or points settled or determined
	De fac′-to. In fact
	De′-i gra′-ti-a. By the grace of God
	De ju-re. By right
	Dom′-in-e di′-re-ge nos. O Lord direct us
	Dram′-a-tis per-so′-næ. Characters represented
	Du-ran′-te be′-ne pla″-ci-to. During pleasure
	Du-ran′-te vi′-ta. During life
	Er′-go. Therefore
	Er-ra′-ta. Errors
	Est′-o per-pet′-u-a. May it last for ever
	Ex. Late, or out of
	Ex of-fi″-ci-o. Officially
	Ex par′-te. On one side only
	Fac sim′-i-le. An exact copy
	Fe′-lo de se. Self-murderer
	Fi′-at. Let it be done, or made
	Fi-nis. End
	Gra′-tis. For nothing
	Ib-i′-dem. In the same place
	I′-dem. The same
	Id est. That is
	Im-pri-ma′-tur. Let it be printed
	Im-pri′-mis. In the first place
	In cœ′-lo qui′-es. In heaven is rest
	In-for′-ma pau′-per-is. As a pauper
	In com-men′-dam. For a time
	In pro′-pri-a per-so′-na. In person
	In sta′-tu quo. In the former state
	In ter-ro′-rem. As a warning
	Ip′-se dix′-it. Mere assertion
	Ip′-so fac′-to. By the mere fact
	I′-tem. Also, or article
	Ju′-re di-vi′-no. By divine right
	Lo′-cum te′-nens. Deputy
	Mag′-na char′-ta (kar′-ta). The great charter of England
	Me-men′-to mo′-ri. Remember death
	Me′-um and tu′-um. Mine and thine
	Mul-tum in par′-vo. Much in a little
	Ne plus ul′-tra. Greatest extent
	No′-lens vo′-lens. Willing or not
	Non com′-pos or Non com′-pos men′-tis. Out of one´s senses
	O tem′-po-ra, O mo′-res. O the times, O the manners
	Om-nes. All
	O′-nus. Burden
	Pas′-sim. Every where
	Per se. Alone, or by itself
	Pro bo′-no pub′-li-co. For the public benefit
	Pro and con. For and against
	Pro for′-ma. For form’s sake
	Pro hac vi′-ce. For this time
	Pro re na′-ta. For the occasion
	Pro tem′-po-re. For the time
	Quis sep-er-a-bit. Who shall separate us?
	Quo an-i-mo. Intention
	Quon′-dam. Former
	Re-qui-es′-cat in pa′-ce. May he rest in peace
	Re-sur′-gam. I shall rise again
	Rex. King
	Scan′-da-lum mag-na-tum. Great scandal
	Sem′-per e-a′-dem, or sem′-per i′-dem. Always the same
	Se-ri-a-tim. In regular order
	Si′-ne di′-e. Without naming a day
	Si′-ne qua non. Indispensably requisite
	Su′-i gen-e-ris. Unparalleled
	Sum′-mum bo′-num. Greatest good
	Tri′-a junc′-ta in u′-no. Three in one
	U′-no vo′-ce. Unanimously
	U′-ti-le dul′-ci. Utility with pleasure
	Va′-de me′-cum. Constant companion
	Vel′-u-ti in spec-u-lum. As in a glass
	Ver′-sus. Against
	Vi′-a. By the way of
	Vi′-ce. In the room of
	Vi′-ce ver′-sa. The reverse
	Vi′-de. See
	Vi-vant rex et re-gi-na. Long live the king and queen

Roman Numerals.
————————
I.	1.	One.
II.	2.	Two.
III.	3.	Three.
IV.	4.	Four.
V.	5.	Five.
VI.	6.	Six.
VII.	7.	Seven.
VIII.	8.	Eight.
IX.	9.	Nine.
X.	10.	Ten.
XI.	11.	Eleven.
XII.	12.	Twelve.
XIII.	13.	Thirteen.
XIV.	14.	Fourteen.
XV.	15.	Fifteen.
XVI.	16.	Sixteen.
XVII.	17.	Seventeen.
XVIII.	18.	Eighteen.
XIX.	19.	Nineteen.
XX.	20.	Twenty.
XXI.	21.	Twenty-one.
XXX.	30.	Thirty.
XL.	40.	Forty.
L.	50.	Fifty.
LX.	60.	Sixty.
LXX.	70.	Seventy.
LXXX.	80.	Eighty.
XC.	90.	Ninety.
C.	100.	One Hundred.
CC.	200.	Two Hundred.
CCC.	300.	Three Hundred.
CCCC.	400.	Four Hundred.
D.	500.	Five Hundred.
DC.	600.	Six Hundred.
DCC.	700.	Seven Hundred.
DCCC.	800.	Eight Hundred.
DCCCC.	900.	Nine Hundred.
M.	1000.	One Thousand.
MM.	2000.	Two Thousand.
MDCCCXXV.	1825.	One Thousand Eight Hundred
		and Twenty Five.

The ancient Romans in their notation made use of the following seven letters; viz. I. V. X. L. C. D. and M. which singly stood for one, five, ten, fifty, one hundred, five hundred, and one thousand. By repeating and combining these any other numbers were formed.

The annexing a less number to a greater increases its value, and denotes the sum of both; as VI. signifies six. The prefixing a less number to a greater lessens its value, or shews their difference; thus, IV. is four, &c. The word thousand is often expressed by a line drawn over the top of a number; thus, X̅. signifies ten thousand.