228 7 State Trials 167, 168, 169.

229 Ibid. 179–183.

230 L.J. xiii. 437.

231 7 State Trials 169–173.

232 Ibid. 186, 187.

233 True Narrative and Discovery 12.

234 7 State Trials 169, 188, 189.

235 7 State Trials 174. True Narrative 18.

236 7 State Trials 190.

237 7 State Trials 195–200.

238 Ibid. 201, 202.

239 Ibid. 204, 205, 206.

240 Ibid. 207, 208, 209.

241 7 State Trials 213–221.

242 Ibid. 223–230. Burnet ii. 194, 195.

243 Luttrell, Brief Relation i. 9.

244 7 State Trials 228.

245 Brief Hist. iii. 26, 27.

246 Brief Hist. iii. 66, 67.

247 Ibid. 67, 68. Cooper’s information of January 9 and January 11.

248 Ibid. 69, 75. Informations of Boyce.

249 Lloyd’s report to the Council. Brief Hist. iii. 69. Lloyd to L’Estrange. Ibid. 82.

250 Lloyd’s report to the Council. Fitzherbert MSS. 154. Brief Hist. iii. 69, 71. Lloyd to L’Estrange. Ibid. 85.

251 Burnet ii. 193, 194.

252 Burnet ii. 194. Brief Hist. iii. 85, 86.

253 State Trials 1183–1188. This was also a Jesuit story. Warner MS. history 37, “fidiculis tortus et se reum asseruit, et complius [sic. qu. complures] se accusaturum.”

254 7 State Trials 1199, 1200, 1210–1212.

255 Evidence of Fowler. Ibid. 1194–1197, 1204–1209.

256 The improbability does not lie in the unlikelihood of the application of torture to witnesses at this date so much as in the nature of the particular facts alleged, which cannot be believed. Brief Hist. iii. 76, 77, 78, 80. L’Estrange procured Corral to contradict his evidence at the trial. Ibid. 102, 106. It is important to insist upon the falsehood of the charge in this case, because it has been adopted without question by Foley v. 29, n., and see Echard, 503 seq.

257 Brief Hist. iii. 84.

258 True Narrative 11.

259 7 State Trials 180.

260 True Narrative 13, 14.

261 7 State Trials 172. True Narrative 15.

262 7 State Trials 173. True Narrative 16, 17.

263 6 State Trials 1487. 7 State Trials 182.

264 6 State Trials 1488.

265 Ibid. 1487.

266 Prance to L’Estrange, January 17, 1688. Brief Hist. iii. 127.

267 Brief Hist. ii. 52, 53.

268 It is worthy of remark that Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, judging only from the evidence which Prance gave at the trial, has come to the same conclusion. Hist. Crim. Law i. 393.

269 It was ordered that an examination should be held on the subject, but Coleman was never questioned on Godfrey’s death. House of Lords MSS. 48. L.J. xiii. 303, 307, 308.

270 Warner MS. history 27: “Rem totam Eboracensi detulit,” Florus Anglo-Bavaricus 97. James (Or. Mem.) i. 534. North, Examen 174. Lingard xiii. 69. Sitwell, First Whig 40.

271 Brief Hist. iii. 181–186.

272 See above, 89.

273 James (Or. Mem.) i. 517–519. Impartial State of the Case of the Earl of Danby. Lingard xiii. 68.

274 North, Examen 174. Florus Anglo-Bavaricus 97, 98. Godfrey “rem totam Edwardo Coleman ... per literas aperuit: quod non neminem usque adeo offendit, ut Godefredus haud ita multo post violenta morte suam in Catholicos benevolentiam luerit.” Warner MS. history 26, 31, to the same effect. Warner names Danby as the probable author of the murder.

275 7 State Trials 168. House of Lords MSS. 47. Brief Hist. iii. 187. Burnet ii. 163.

276 Burnet, ibid.

277 7 State Trials 29.

278 Welden’s evidence before the Lords’ committee. House of Lords MSS. 48.

279 Reresby, Memoirs 325. Warner MS. history 27. “Ad congregationem provincialem ubi ventum est, cui se interfuisse mentitus predicat Oates, Carolus ab eo petiit, ubinam convenissent Jesuitae? Respondit alter, magna cum fiducia, convenisse Londini, in plataea quae Strand dicitur, in oenopolio cui insigne Equi Albi. Hoc falsum esse sciebat Carolus, cui notum ipsos in ipsa Eboracensis Aula convenisse; cujus tamen rei nec Carolus nec ullus alius Catholicorum apologista mentionem fecit donec persecutio plane desaevisset, ne augeretur inde in Eboracensem invidia.”

280 At Lord Stafford’s trial in 1680 Dugdale, the informer, declared that Godfrey had been murdered by the Duke of York’s orders because Coleman had made disclosures to him. He did not however suggest what the nature of those disclosures was. A theory not unlike that set out in the text was therefore in the air at the time. As almost every conceivable hypothesis to account for the murder was being discussed, this is not surprising; but there was this difference, that then Dugdale had no good reason to offer in favour of the truth of what he said. He was at the time of the murder in communication with various Jesuits in Staffordshire: but it is most unlikely that, even if they knew anything about it, they would have told him. If he had known anything, it would probably have been that the Jesuit congregation was held at St. James’; and he was certainly ignorant of this. Burnet tells, on the authority of the Earl of Essex, that the king prevailed on Dugdale to stifle this part of his information because it pressed on the Duke of York; but, as Essex, or Burnet, taking the tale from him, was mistaken as to the date when Dugdale first told the story, and as Dugdale could beyond doubt have had a better price for his information from Shaftesbury than from Charles for the suppression of it, this cannot be believed without corroboration, which is not forthcoming. Burnet ii. 190, 191. 7 State Trials, 1316, 1319. And see below in Trials for Treason.

281 See below (in materials for the history of the Popish Plot), Foley’s note on Warner’s MS. history.

282 Slip appended to examination of November 7. Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 276.

283 7 State Trials 168. Burnet ii. 163.

284 James (Or. Mem.) i. 527, 528. Burnet ii. 174. House of Lords MSS. 52. 7 State Trials 154. L.J. xiii. 353.

285 7 State Trials 172, 192.

286 Burnet ii. 164, 165. L’Estrange produced some bad evidence, which he does not even seem to have believed himself, to the effect that these stains were of mud, and not wax. Brief Hist. iii. 326, 336. Sir George Sitwell says: “The drops of wax ... may have been spilt the evening before, when Sir Edmund, for some mysterious reason, was engaged in burning a quantity of his private papers” (First Whig 41). But the evidence for this is wholly valueless, being told on hearsay from a bad witness by a worse. Brief Hist. iii. 179.

287 Evidence of the coroner before the Lords’ committee, House of Lords MSS. 46.

288 Examination of Charles Atkins, October 27, 1678. Slip appended to the examination in Coventry’s hand. “Mr. Charles Atkins lodgeth at the Golden Key in High Holborn, over against the Fountain Tavern.” Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 234. Examination of Bedloe of November 7. “Lodges where Captain Atkins lodges, where Walsh the priest lodges, near Wild House.” S.P. Dom. Charles II 407: ii. 29. Longleat MSS. ibid. 272–274; ibid. 278, on a slip appended to the examination, “Le Fevre: about fifty years of age, with a flaxen periwig, a handsome man. He lodges where Captain Atkins lodges, near Wild House.”

289 L.J. xiii. 353. Evidence of Diana Salvin, Elizabeth Salvin, John Saunders, Alexander Oldis.

290 6 State Trials 1475–1477.

291 Parl. Hist. iv. 1113. Secret Services of Charles II and James II, payment to Prance 22.

292 L.J. November 15, 1678. Ralph i. 398.

293 For example the libel, “A copy of a letter dropped in the exchange,” 1679.

294 See above and Appendix B.

295 See above, 122.

296 James (Or. Mem.) i. 528. Schwerin, November 22, 1678. “Bedloo hat in Somerset House das Gemach gewiesen in welchem ihm der todte Körper gezeigt worden ist; allein weil er in derselben Kammer eine Thüre angab, die sich nicht daselbst vorfand,—überdem die Königin damal in diesem Gemache wohnte,—und der Ort, an welchem ihm der todte Körper gezeigt worden sein soll, ein steter Durchgang und Aufenthalt aller Domesticken der Königin ist, so wird die Angabe von vielen für verdächtig gehalten.” Briefe von England 352.

297 James, Duke of York, to the Prince of Orange, December 24, 1678, “... some are not well pleased with what this man says, because it contradicts Bedloe.” Foljambe MSS. 127.

298 House of Lords MSS. 52.

299 7 State Trials 343.

300 Ibid. 425, 612, 613.

301 Ibid. 1320.

302 Lloyd to the council, January 11, 1679. Examinations of Prance of December 26, 1678, January 13, March 19, March 22, 1679. Fitzherbert MSS. 154–158. 7 State Trials 1226, 1231. Warner MS. history 37. True Narrative 2–8, 26–40.

303 Lloyd to L’Estrange, April 16, 1686. Brief Hist. iii. 83.

304 Burnet ii. 195.

305 Warner MS. history 37: “librum edidit in quo pauca de Jesuitis, eaque leviora retulit ... et in sacerdotes saeculares fanda infanda conjecit, tanquam e plaustro probra jaceret (qu, tanquam e plaustro = histrionis more. v. Hor. A.P. 275 ap. Facc.), ipsa maledicentiae magnitudine fidem sibi detrahens: quam apud paucissimos invenit.”

306 Florus Anglo-Bavaricus 103, 128.

307 7 State Trials 228. House of Lords MSS. 1689–1690, 61.

308 House of Lords MSS. 1689–1690, 61. Foley v. 285, 286.

309 S. A. Tanari, Internuncio at Brussels, to the papal secretary of state, June 17, 1679: “Nella salute della sua persona consistevano tutte le speranze di veder ristabilita la vera religione in Inghilterra.” Vat. Arch. Nunt. di Fiandra 66.

310 Luttrell, Brief Relation i. 8.

311 Memorandum by Danby. “Q. Whether the Plot be not triable out of Parliament?” Add. MSS. 28042: 19. Henry Coventry to the king, October 7, 1678.... “It will be worth your serious consideration when you return on which side the greater inconveniency will be, either in the suppressing them [Coleman’s letters] or publishing them, or whether any middle way can be taken.” Add. MSS. 32095: 119.

312 A narrative of proceedings in the House of Commons. Harl. MSS. 6284: 35, 36.

313 Parl. Hist. iv. 1021–1026.

314 House of Lords MSS. 16, 17. Lady Sunderland to John Evelyn, October 28, 1678. Correspondence of John Evelyn, 1852, 251.

315 W. Harrington to George Treby, February 1679. Fitzherbert MSS. 14. John Verney to Sir Ralph Verney, November 11, 1678. Same to same, May 12, 1679. Verney MSS. 471. Sarotti, November 15/25, 1678. Ven. Arch. Inghilterra 65. Lives of the Norths i. 70. Le Gros to Sir Charles Lyttleton, November 26, 1678. Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 301.

316 Sir W. Godolphin to Henry Thynne, August 14/24, 1679. Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers lx. 275. S.P. Dom. Charles II 408: i. 119, 120; ii. 70, 79.

317 Earl of Conway to Sir L. Jenkins, September 26, 1681. S.P. Dom. Charles II 416: 30.

318 Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 17–54. Narrative of Edmund Everard 1679.

319 Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 67, 92, 98, 100, 114, 138, 140. Ibid. 148, Lord Windsor to Henry Coventry, July 8, 1676. See Appendix C. Verney MSS. 465. Earl of Danby to the Lord Chancellor, April 4, 1676. Leeds MSS. 13. Particulars of Conventicles. Leeds MSS. 15. John Smith to Henry Coventry, January 24, 1676. Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 172. A paper endorsed by the Earl of Danby; “Fifth monarch meetings in London and Southwark. This was given me by the Bishop of London in October 1677.” Add. MSS. 28093: 212. And see Gooch, English Democratic Ideas in the Seventeenth Century 326.

320 Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 117, 120, 122, 124, 126, 132.

321 “Memd. of his Majesty’s directions for interrupting Coleman’s letters.” December 10, 1676. Henry Coventry to Col. Whitely, December 11, 1676. Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 168, 170. And the letters intercepted, ibid. 224, 245, 246, 247, 248. And see above, Designs of the Catholics 32, n.

322 Spillmann. Pater Spillmann’s work is in general of little value. Bishop Morley to the Earl of Danby, June 10, 1676. Leeds MSS. 14. Courtin, August 6, 1676.

323 Leeds MSS. 17.

324 Foley v. 11, 12, 13. Diary of Lord Keeper Guildford, Dalrymple, ii. 200, 320. Articles of Impeachment against the Earl of Danby iv. Parl. Hist. iv. 1068.

325 See above 78.

326 Memorandum by Danby, undated, but probably in 1677. “State and present condition of the crown, which cannot be amended but by force or by compliance.

“[Compliance to the old parliament would mean war with France and the enforcement of all laws against papists and dissenters; with a new parliament, war with France and general toleration except for the papists.] From all this it seems as if compliance must necessarily conclude in a resolution to give satisfaction in point of France. [Force could hardly be exerted without foreign aid, which would certainly mean a total conquest.]” Add. MSS. 28042: 17.

327 Earl of Danby to Sir W. Temple, November 19, 1678. Add. MSS. 28054: 196. Burnet ii. 97, note, 151, 152. See also Lindsay MSS. 399. Forneron, Louise de Kéroualle 153. Harris, Life of Charles II 226 seq.

328 Memoranda by Danby. Add. MSS. 28042: 53.

“The three points to be considered by the committee of trade every Thursday:—

“(1) A treaty marine with France.

“(2) What should be proposed to the king to be done by his example in not permitting French commodities to be worn in the court.

“(3) A treaty of commerce with France.”

Add. MSS. 28042: 60.

See too Campana de Cavelli i. 290–294. Barillon, March 3/13, 1679.

329 Webster MSS. Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. iii. 421. Article by Mr. Sidney Lee on Osborne (Thomas) in the Dict. of Nat. Biog. Danby obtained his knowledge of Montagu’s connection with the nuncio from Olivencranz, the Swedish ambassador. Sir Leoline Jenkins to the Earl of Danby, January 13, 1679. Lindsey MSS. 398. Grey, Debates vi. 388. The authorities for the story of Danby’s fall are well known and too numerous for citation.

330 Parl. Hist. iv. 1039–1045, 1052. Burnet ii. 176, 178. Barillon, November 25/December 5, 1678. Ferguson, Growth of Popery, Part II. 219.

331 Parl. Hist. iv. 1034. Sitwell, First Whig 63.

332 Reresby, Memoirs 149. Parl. Hist. iv. 1035. Barillon, October 17/27, 1678. Ranke v. 236.

333 Barillon, February 17/27, February 24/March 6, 1679. Edm. Verney to Sir R. Verney, February 24, 1679. Verney MSS. 471, Fitzherbert MSS. 12, 13. Foljambe MSS. 127. Caveat against the Whigs i. 47. Ranke v. 244, 245. Sir Thomas Browne, Works, 1836, 240. Sitwell, The First Whig 54, 55.

334 Barillon, December 30, 1678/January 9, 1679, January 30/February 9, May 12/22, June 2/12, 1679. John Verney to Sir R. Verney, May 22, 1679. Verney MSS. 472. Parl. Hist. iv. 1086, 1121.

335 Parl. Hist. iv. 1092–1111. Burnet ii. 205 and note 2. And see Temple i. 412. Seymour had formerly been on the court side, and after Danby’s imprisonment made up the quarrel. A memorandum in the Leeds papers contains the following note on Seymour; “This man, the most odious to the House, till he disturbed your Majesty’s affairs.” Add. MSS. 28042: 21.

336 See Reresby, Memoirs 170, 171. Temple i. 396–414.

337 Parl. Hist. iv. 1122. Algernon Sidney wrote that Halifax was the author of the scheme. Letters 34. James had news that the Duchess of Portsmouth bragged that she had helped to make it. James to the Prince of Orange, May 8, 1679. Foljambe MSS. 129.

338 Temple i. 414–419, 473–477. Barillon, April 7/17, April 21/May 1, April 24/May 4, April 28/May 8, 1679. Dalrymple ii. 216, 217. Reresby, Memoirs 168. North, Examen 76, 77. Ferguson, Growth of Popery, Part II. 238; and see Foxcroft, Life of Halifax i. chap. vi.

339 Burnet ii. 209.

340 Barillon, February 5/15, 1680. Luttrell, Brief Relation i. 19, 33. Burnet ii. 246, 248, 249. Temple i. 419, 420, 441–444. Ailesbury, Memoirs i. 35. Foxcroft, Life of Halifax i. 173–178, 192. Christie, Life of Shaftesbury ii. 357. Airy, Charles II 240.

341 Barillon, May 26/June 5, 1675. Parl. Hist. iv. 1125–1149. Temple i. 424, 429–432. Burnet ii. 210–215. Reresby, Memoirs 173. North, Examen 506. Ralph i. 453, 454, 455.

342 Burnet ii. 263, 264. House of Lords MSS. 136. And see Ferguson, Growth of Popery, Part II. 246.

343 See Lord Keeper Guildford MS. diary. Dalrymple ii. 91, 321. “It is certain the Church of England men joined in this cry as heartily as any else, for they were always most eager against Popery, although they had friendship with the Cavalier papists, and many considering men seeing an army kept up against an act of Parliament were zealous that fetters might be put on the King, and therefore would join in showing any discontent.” The Whig party on Temple’s council tried to purge the commission of the peace of justices on the other side, but Charles prevented this by a very droll device. North, Examen 78. Nevertheless the weight of the commission was against the court. See below in Trials for Treason.

344 W. Harrington to Sir G. Treby, February 20, 1679. Fitzherbert MSS. 14. Thomas Ward to Sir J. Williamson, November 15. Sir Francis Chaplin to same, November 30. Henry Layton to same, December 9, 1678. S.P. Dom. Charles II 407; i. 108, 167; ii. 117. George Beckett, vicar of Castham, to Sir Peter Pindar at Chester, October 28. Examination of same, November 4, 1678. Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xi. 229. Dr. Henry Corneil to Sir J. Williamson, December 23, 1678, January 20, 1679. S.P. Dom. Charles II 408: ii. 59; 411: 69.

345 Add. MSS. 32095: 160. S.P. Dom. Charles II 408: i. 36.

346 Longleat MSS. Coventry Papers xx. 120–130. S.P. Ireland 339. Carte, Life of Ormonde 477–481.

347 S.P. Dom. Charles II 407: i. 268. Parl. Hist. iv. 1034. John Verney to Sir R. Verney, June 12, 1679. Verney MSS. 472. Barillon, April 19/May 1, June 12/22, 1679. And see Klopp ii. 193.

348 Burnet ii. 179. Add. MSS. 28042: 19. See Appendix C.

349 Klopp i. 26.

350 Foley v. 95, 96.

351 Ranke v. 233. Das papistische Complot erscheint als ein Symptom der zwischen den Bekenntnissen wieder angeregten heftigen Antipathien.

Schwerin, Briefe 330. Es sei nun an dieser Conspiration viel oder wenig, so ist es doch gewiss, dass diese Nation sowohl gegen die Papisten als gegen Frankreich—dem es besonders beigemessen wird—von neuem erbittert wird.

352 L.J. xiii. 408. Airy, Charles II 70.

353 Warner MS. hist. 29 from Gazette de Hollande, November 22, 1678. Schwerin, Briefe 340, 348. Duchess of York to Duke of Modena, November 3, November 24, December 16, 1678. Ronchi, January 20, February 23, November 21, 1679. Campana de Cavelli i. 229, 236, 239, 240, 242. Warner MS. Letter book, December 3, December 30, 1678. Fitzherbert MSS. 12. House of Lords MSS. 39, 126. Foljambe MSS. 123. L.J. xiii. 482, 485, 502, 512. Foley v. 21, 23, 80, 482–488, 915, 965, 966. 8 State Trials 532, 533.

The internuncio at Brussels acutely noted as the three causes of the feeling aroused—“l’odio de’ Protestanti, gli amatori di novità, e li nemici della casa Reale.” October 30/November 9, 1678. Vat. Arch. Nunt. di Fiandra 66.

354 7 State Trials 995.

355 7 State Trials 959–1043, 1162–1183. C.J. December 16, 1680. Narrative of Lawrence Mowbray 1680. Narrative of Robert Bolron 1680. Depositions from York Castle, Surtees Society xl. 1861. Foley v. 759–767. The Month xviii. 393.

356 Foley v. 19, 21. Warner MS. history 29. Misera Catholicorum omnium conditio, maxime vero Jesuitarum, quos et communia mala et omnium insuper invidia gravabat, etiam apud simul patientes. Ibid. 36.

Maxime odiosum Jesuitarum nomen, sacerdotibus etiam et saecularibus et regularibus et ipsis Catholicis laicis, quod ab iis orta feratur ista saevissima tempestas quae totam religionem Catholicam evertet.

357 Brosch 432.

358 S.P. Dom. Charles II 411: 87, a paper endorsed by Sir Joseph Williamson, “25 January, 78/9. Gavan the priest. Information, etc.” Ibid. 92. “It was Sir William Waller who, by a warrant from the council, seized Gavan in Count Wallenstein the Imperial ambassador’s stables in bed.” Foley v. 454. Le Fleming MSS. 155.