206.  Chateaubriand, ‘Voy. en Amérique’ (Religion).

207.  Oviedo, ‘Nicaragua,’ p. 22; Torquemada, ‘Monarquia Indiana,’ book xiii. c. 48; Sahagun, book iii. app. ch. i.-iii. in Kingsborough, vol. vii. Compare Anderson, ‘Exp. to W. Yunnan,’ p. 125. (Shans, good men and mothers dying in child-birth to heaven, bad men and those killed by the sword to hell.)

208.  Alger, ‘Future Life,’ p. 93.

209.  Brinton, ‘Myths of New World,’ p. 300.

210.  Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 397; see also Williams, ‘Fiji,’ vol. i. p. 243.

211.  Brinton, p. 242, &c.

212.  J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ pp. 87, 224. See also the opinions of Meiners, ‘Gesch. der Religion,’ vol. ii. p. 768; Wuttke. ‘Gesch. des Heidenthums,’ vol. i. p. 115.

213.  Ellis, l. c.; Moerenhout, ‘Voyage,’ vol. i. p. 433.

214.  Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ p. 378.

215.  Bosman, ‘Guinea,’ letter x.; in Pinkerton, vol. xvi. p. 401.

216.  St. John, ‘Far East,’ vol. i. p. 181; see Mundy, ‘Narrative,’ vol. i. p. 332.

217.  Macpherson, p. 92. Compare Moerenhout, l. c. (Tahiti).

218.  Mason, l. c. p. 195. See also De Brosses, ‘Nav. aux Terres Australes,’ vol. ii. p. 482 (Caroline Is.).

219.  Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ pp. 136, 144. See Georgi, ‘Reise im Russ. Reich,’ vol. i. p. 278. Compare accounts of Purgatory among the North American Indians, apparently derived from missionaries, in Morgan, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 169; Waitz, vol. iii. p. 345.

220.  See T. Wright, ‘St. Patrick’s Purgatory.’

221.  Waitz, vol. ii. pp. 171, 191; Bowen, ‘Yoruba Lang.’ p. xvi. See J. L. Wilson, p. 210.

222.  Brebeuf in ‘Rel. des Jés.’ 1635, p. 35; 1636, p. 105. Catlin, ‘N. A. Ind.’ vol. ii. p. 127; Long’s ‘Exp.’ vol. i. p. 180. See Brinton, p. 247; Waitz, vol. ii. p. 191, vol. iii. p. 197; and the collection of myths of the Heaven-Bridge and Heaven-Gulf in ‘Early History of Mankind,’ chap. xii.

223.  Smith, ‘New England,’ in Pinkerton, vol. xiii. p. 244.

224.  Wilson in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 303.

225.  Birch, Introduction to and translation of the ‘Book of the Dead,’ in Bunsen, vol. v.; Wilkinson, ‘Ancient Eg.’ vol. v.

226.  For references to Rig Veda see Muir, ‘Sanskrit Texts,’ sec. xviii.; Max Müller, Lecture on Vedas in ‘Essays,’ vol. ii.

227.  ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ new ser. vol. ii. p. 210. See Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. iii. p. 387.

228.  Spiegel, ‘Avesta,’ ed. Bleek, vol. iii. pp. 136, 163; see vol. i. pp. xviii. 90, 141; vol. ii. p. 68.

229.  See Taylor, ‘New Zealand,’ p. 134; J. G. Müller, ‘Amerikanische Urreligionen,’ p. 171.

230.  Philo Jud. de Gigantibus, iv.

231.  Rituale Romanum: De Exorcizandis Obsessis a Dæmonio.

232.  Oldfield, ‘Abor. of Australia’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 236. See Bonwick, ‘Tasmanians,’ p. 181.

233.  Taylor, ‘New Zealand,’ p. 104.

234.  Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ p. 429.

235.  Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part ii. p. 195; M. Eastman, ‘Dahcotah,’ p. 72.

236.  Burton, ‘Central Afr.’ vol. ii. p. 344; Schlegel, ‘Ewe-Sprache,’ p. xxv.

237.  Falkner, ‘Patagonia,’ p. 116; but cf. Musters, p. 180.

238.  Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 122.

239.  Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. i. p. 206.

240.  Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. ii. pp. 129, 416; vol. iii. pp. 29, 257, 278; ‘Psychologie,’ pp. 77, 99; Cross, ‘Karens,’ l. c. p. 316; Elliot in ‘Journ. Eth. Soc.’ vol. i. p. 115; Buchanan, ‘Mysore, &c.,’ in Pinkerton, vol. viii. p. 677.

241.  Shortt, ‘Tribes of India,’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. vii. p. 192; Tinling, ‘Tour round India,’ p. 19.

242.  Bastian, ‘Psychologie,’ p. 101.

243.  Sir J. Shore in ‘Asiatic Res.’ vol. iv. p. 331.

244.  For some collections of details of manes-worship, see Meiners, ‘Geschichte der Religionen,’ vol. i. book 3; Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. pp. 402-11; ‘Psychologie,’ pp. 72-114.

245.  J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ pp. 73, 173, 209, 261; Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part i. p. 39, part iii. p. 237; Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’ vol. iii. pp. 191, 204.

246.  Backhouse, ‘Australia,’ p. 105; Bonwick, ‘Tasmanians,’ p. 182.

247.  Turner, ‘Polynesia,’ p. 88.

248.  Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’ vol. ii. p. 104; S. S. Farmer, p. 126; Shortland, ‘Trads. of N. Z.’ p. 81; Taylor, ‘New Zealand,’ p. 108.

249.  J. R. Forster, ‘Observations,’ p. 604; Marsden, ‘Sumatra,’ p. 258; ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ vol. ii. p. 234.

250.  Ellis, ‘Madagascar,’ vol. i. pp. 123, 423. As to the connexion of the Vazimbas with the Mazimba of East Africa, see Waitz, vol. ii. pp. 360, 426.

251.  Callaway, ‘Religious System of Amazulu,’ part ii.; see also Arbousset and Daumas, p. 469; Casalis, ‘Basutos,’ pp. 248-54; Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’ vol. ii. pp. 411, 419; Magyar, ‘Reisen in Süd-Afrika,’ pp. 21, 335 (Congo); Cavazzi, ‘Congo,’ lib. i.

252.  J. L. Wilson, ‘W. Afr.’ pp. 217, 388-93. See Waitz, vol. ii. pp. 181, 194.

253.  Bailey in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. ii. p. 301. Compare Taylor, ‘New Zealand,’ p. 153.

254.  Buchanan, ‘Mysore,’ in Pinkerton, vol. viii. pp. 674-7. See Macpherson, ‘India,’ p. 95 (Khonds); Hunter, ‘Rural Bengal,’ p. 183 (Santals).

255.  Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 122; Bastian, ‘Psychologie,’ p. 90. See Palgrave, ‘Arabia,’ vol. i. p. 373.

256.  Siebold, ‘Nippon,’ vol. i. p. 3, vol. ii. p. 51; Kempfer, ‘Japan,’ in Pinkerton, vol. vii. pp. 672, 680, 723, 755.

257.  Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. iii. p. 250.

258.  Plath, ‘Religion der alten Chinesen,’ part i. p. 65, part ii. p. 89; Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. i. pp. vi. viii.; vol. ii. p. 373; ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ New Ser. vol. ii. p. 363; Legge, ‘Confucius,’ p. 92.

259.  Manu, book iii.

260.  Details in Pauly, ‘Real-Encyclop.’ s.v. ‘inferi’; Smith’s ‘Dic. of Gr. and Rom. Biog. and Myth.’; Meiners, Hartung, &c.

261.  Middleton, ‘Letter from Rome’; Murray’s ‘Handbook of Rome.’

262.  L. F. Alfred Maury, ‘Magie, &c.,’ p. 249; ‘Acta Sanctorum,’ 27 Sep.; Gregor. Turon. De Gloria Martyr, i. 98.

263.  J. R. Beste, ‘Nowadays at Home and Abroad,’ London, 1870, vol. ii. p. 44; ‘A New Miracle at Rome; being an Account of a Miraculous Cure, &c., &c.,’ London (Washbourne), 1870.

264.  Oldfield in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 235; see Grey, ‘Australia,’ vol. ii. p. 337. Bonwick, ‘Tasmanians,’ pp. 183, 195.

265.  ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ vol. i. p. 307.

266.  Bastian, ‘Psychologie,’ p. 204; ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 73, see p. 125 (Battas); Macpherson, ‘India,’ p. 370. See also Mason, ‘Karens,’ l. c. p. 201.

267.  ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ vol. iii. p. 110, vol. iv. p. 194; St. John, ‘Far East,’ vol. i. pp. 71, 87; Beeckman in Pinkerton, vol. ix. p. 133; Meiners, vol. i. p. 278. See also Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. i. p. 159.

268.  Shortland, ‘Trads. of N. Z.’ pp. 97, 114, 125; Taylor, ‘New Zealand,’ pp. 48, 137.

269.  Turner, ‘Polynesia,’ p. 236.

270.  Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. pp. 363, 395, &c., vol. ii. pp. 193, 274; Cook, ‘3rd Voy.’ vol. iii. p. 131. Details of the superhuman character ascribed to weak or deranged persons among other races, in Schoolcraft, part iv. p. 49; Martius, vol. i. p. 633; Meiners, vol. i. p. 323; Waitz, vol. ii. p. 181.

271.  Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part i. p. 250, part ii. pp. 179, 199, part iii. p. 498; M. Eastman, ‘Dahcotah,’ pp. xxiii. 34, 41, 72. See also Gregg, ‘Commerce of Prairies,’ vol. ii. p. 297 (Comanches); Morgan, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 163; Sproat, p. 174 (Ahts); Egede, ‘Greenland,’ p. 186; Cranz, p. 269.

272.  Roman Pane, xix. in ‘Life of Colon’; in Pinkerton, vol. xii. p. 87.

273.  D’Orbigny, ‘L’Homme Américain,’ vol. ii. pp. 73, 168; Musters, ‘Patagonians,’ p. 180. See also J. G. Müller, pp. 207, 231 (Caribs); Spix and Martius, ‘Brasilien,’ vol. i. p. 70; Martius, ‘Ethnog. Amer.’ vol. i. p. 646 (Marcusis).

274.  Casalis, ‘Basutos,’ p. 247; Callaway, ‘Rel. of Amazulu,’ p. 147, &c.; Magyar, ‘Süd-Afrika,’ p. 21, &c.; Burton, ‘Central Afr.’ vol. ii. pp. 320, 354; Steere in ‘Journ. Anthrop. Inst.’ vol. i. 1871, p. cxlvii.

275.  Steinhauser, ‘Religion des Negers,’ in ‘Magaz. der Evang. Missions und Bibel-Gesellschaften,’ Basel, 1856, No. 2, p. 139.

276.  J. L. Wilson, ‘W. Afr.’ pp. 217, 388.

277.  Hodgson, ‘Abor. of India,’ pp. 163, 170.

278.  Backhouse, ‘Australia,’ p. 103.

279.  Mason, ‘Burmah,’ p. 107, &c. Cross, l.c. p. 305.

280.  Callaway, ‘Religion of Amazulu,’ pp. 183, &c., 259, &c.

281.  Falkner, ‘Patagonia,’ p. 116. See also Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ p. 418 (Caribs).

282.  Georgi, ‘Reise im Russ. Reich,’ vol. i. p. 280; Meiners, vol. ii. p. 488.

283.  Falkner, l.c.

284.  Caldwell, ‘Dravidian Languages,’ App.; Latham, vol. ii. p. 469.

285.  Hodgson, ‘Abor. of India,’ p. 172.

286.  Steller, ‘Kamtschatka,’ p. 278.

287.  Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. ii. p. 328, see vol. iii. p. 201, ‘Psychologie,’ p. 139. See also Römer, ‘Guinea,’ p. 59.

288.  Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. pp. 352, 373; Moerenhout, ‘Voyage,’ vol. i. p. 479; Mariner, ‘Tonga Islands,’ vol. i. p. 105; Williams, ‘Fiji,’ vol. i. p. 373.

289.  Dos Santos, ‘Ethiopia,’ in Pinkerton, vol. xvi. p. 686.

290.  Römer, ‘Guinea,’ p. 57. See also Steinhauser, l.c. pp. 132, 139; J. B. Schlegel, ‘Ewe-Sprache,’ p. xvi.

291.  Details from Tatar races in Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ pp. 164, 173, &c.; Bastian, ‘Psychologie,’ p. 90; from Abyssinia in Parkyns, ‘Life in A.,’ ch. xxxiii.

292.  Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. i. p. 143, vol. ii. pp. 110, 320.

293.  Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. ii. pp. 103, 152, 381, 418, vol. iii. p. 247, &c. See also Bowring, ‘Siam,’ vol. i. p. 139; ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ vol. iv. p. 507, vol. vi. p. 614; Turpin, in Pinkerton, vol. ix. p. 761; Kempfer, ‘Japan,’ ibid. vol. vii. pp. 701, 730, &c.

294.  Ward, ‘Hindoos,’ vol. i. p. 155, vol. ii. p. 183; Roberts, ‘Oriental Illustrations of the Scriptures,’ p. 529; Bastian, ‘Psychologie,’ pp. 164, 184-7. Sanskrit paiçâcha-graha = demon-seizure, possession. Ancient evidence in Pictet, ‘Origines Indo-Europ.’ part ii. ch. v.

295.  Homer. Odyss. v. 396, x. 64; Plat. Phædr. Tim. &c.; Pausan. iv. 27, 2; Xen. Mem. I. i. 9; Plutarch. Vit. Alex.; De Orac. Def.; Lucian. Philopseudes; Petron. Arbiter, Sat.; &c., &c.

296.  Joseph. Ant. Jud. viii. 2, 5. Eisenmenger, ‘Entdecktes Judenthum,’ part ii. p. 454. See Maury, p. 290.

297.  Matth. ix. 32, xi. 18, xii. 22, xvii. 15; Mark, i. 23, ix. 17; Luke, iv. 33, 39, vii. 33, viii. 27, ix. 39, xiii. 11; John, x. 20; Acts, xvi. 16, xix. 13; &c.

298.  For general evidence see Bingham, ‘Antiquities of Christian Church,’ book iii. ch. iv.; Calmet, ‘Dissertation sur les Esprits’; Maury, ‘Magie,’ &c.; Lecky, ‘Hist. of Rationalism.’ Among particular passages are Tertull. Apolog. 23; De Spectaculis, 26; Chrysostom. Homil. xxviii. in Matth. iv.; Cyril. Hierosol. Catech. xvi. 16; Minuc. Fel. Octavius. xxi.; Concil. Carthag. iv.; &c., &c.

299.  Details in Cockayne, ‘Leechdoms, &c., of Early England,’ vol. i. p. 365, vol. ii. p. 137, 355; Sprenger, ‘Malleus Maleficarum,’ part ii.; Calmet, ‘Dissertation,’ vol. i. ch. xxiv.; Horst, ‘Zauber-Bibliothek’; Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 557, &c.; ‘Psychologie,’ p. 115, &c.; Voltaire, ‘Questions sur l’Encyclopédie,’ art., ‘Superstition’; ‘Encyclopædia Britannica,’ 5th ed. art. ‘Possession.’

300.  See Maury, ‘Magie,’ &c., part ii. ch. ii.

301.  A. Constans, ‘Rel. sur une Epidémie d’Hystéro-Démonopathie, en 1861.’ 2nd ed. Paris, 1863. For descriptions of such outbreaks, among the North American Indians, see Le Jeune in ‘Rel. des Jés. dans la Nouvelle France,’ 1639; Brinton, p. 275; and in Guinea, see J. L. Wilson, ‘Western Africa,’ p. 217.

302.  Gaume, ‘L’Eau Bénite au Dix-Neuvième Siècle,’ 3rd ed. Paris, 1866, p. 353.

303.  West, in ‘Spiritual Telegraph,’ cited by Bastian.

304.  (C. de Brosses.) ‘Du culte des dieux fétiches ou Parallèle de l’ancienne Religion de l’Egypte avec la religion actuelle de Nigritie.’ 1760. (De Brosses supposed the word fétiche connected with chose fée, fatum.)

305.  Grey, ‘Australia,’ vol. ii. p. 337; Eyre, ‘Australia,’ vol. ii. p. 362; Oldfield in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 235, &c.; G. F. Moore, ‘Vocab. of S. W. Austr.’ pp. 18, 98, 103. See Bonwick, ‘Tasmanians,’ p. 195.