749.  Ovid. Fast. ii. 449.

750.  Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. i. p. 264.

751.  Morgan, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 158.

752.  De Laet, ‘Novus Orbis,’ xv. 2; Waitz, vol. iii. p. 417; Brinson, pp. 152, 185; J. G. Müller, p. 271, &c.

753.  D’Orbigny, ‘L’Homme Américain,’ vol. ii. p. 319.

754.  Clavigero, ‘Messico,’ vol. ii. pp. 16, 68, 75.

755.  Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 333. Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’ vol. ii. p. 115.

756.  Cross, in ‘Journ. Amer. Oriental Soc.’ vol. iv. p. 316; Mason, p. 215.

757.  Macpherson, ‘India,’ pp. 91, 355.

758.  Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 89.

759.  Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol. ii. p. 467. Cox, ‘Mythology of Aryan Nations,’ vol. ii. p. 308.

760.  J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ pp. 141, 271, 274, 591, &c.

761.  Dobrizhoffer, ‘Abipones,’ vol. ii. p. 90.

762.  Clavigero, ‘Messico,’ vol. ii. pp. 17, 81.

763.  Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 326; vol. iv. p. 158. See also Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’ vol. ii. p. 112; Williams, ‘Fiji,’ vol. i. p. 218.

764.  Macpherson, ‘India,’ pp. 90, 360.

765.  Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. i. p. 267.

766.  Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol. i. p. 413. Cox, ‘Myth. of Aryan N.,’ vol. ii. pp. 254, 311.

767.  J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ pp. 137, &c., 272, 286, &c., 500, &c. See Sproat, p. 213 (Ahts), cited ante, p. 85. Chay-her signifies not only the world below, but Death personified as a boneless greybeard who wanders at night stealing men’s souls away.

768.  Lery, ‘Bresil,’ p. 234.

769.  Clavigero, vol. ii. pp. 14, 17; Brasseur, ‘Mexique,’ vol. iii. p. 495.

770.  ‘Rites and Laws of Yncas,’ tr. and ed. by C. R. Markham, pp. 32, 48 (prayer from MS. communication by C. R. M.); Garcilaso de la Vega, lib. ii. c. 2, 7; Brinton, ‘Myths of New World,’ p. 251.

771.  Turner, ‘Polynesia,’ p. 237; Farmer, ‘Tonga,’ p. 126. Yate, ‘New Zealand,’ p. 140; J. Williams, ‘Missionary Enterprise,’ p. 145. See Schirren, ‘Wandersagen der Neuseeländer,’ p. 89; Williams, ‘Fiji,’ vol. i. p. 246.

772.  Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ pp. 128, 147, 155; Waitz, vol. ii. p. 171 (Africa).

773.  Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol. i. p. 395; Roscher, s.v. ‘Hades.’ Grimm, ‘Deutsch. Myth.’ p. 288.

774.  Brugsch, ‘Religion der alten Aegypter’; ‘Book of Dead.’

775.  Pr. Max. v. Wied, ‘N. Amerika,’ vol. ii. p. 157.

776.  J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ pp. 133, &c., 228, 255. Catlin, ‘N. A. Ind.’ vol. i. pp. 159, 177; Pr. Max v. Wied, vol. ii. pp. 149, &c. Compare Sproat, ‘Savage Life,’ p. 179 (Quawteaht the Great Spirit is also First Man).

777.  D’Orbigny, ‘L’Homme Américain,’ vol. ii. p. 319.

778.  Schirren, ‘Wandersagen der Neuseeländer,’ p. 64, &c., 88, &c. Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 111, vol. iv. pp. 145, 366.

779.  Steller, ‘Kamtschatka,’ p. 271.

780.  Callaway, ‘Religion of Amazulu,’ pp. 1-104.

781.  ‘Rig-Veda,’ x. ‘Atharva-Veda,’ xviii. Max Müller, ‘Lectures,’ 2nd Ser. p. 514. Muir, ‘Yama,’ &c., in ‘Journ. As. Soc. N. S.’ vol. i. 1865. Roth in ‘Ztschr. Deutsch. Morgenl. G.’ vol. iv. p. 426. Ward, ‘Hindoos,’ vol. ii. p. 60. Avesta: ‘Vendidad,’ ii. Pictet, ‘Origines Indo-Europ.’ part ii. p. 621.

782.  Eisenmenger, part i. p. 365.

783.  Koran, ii. 28, vii. 10, &c.

784.  Neander, ‘Hist. of Chr.’ vol. ii. pp. 81, 109, 174.

785.  Oldfield in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 228. See also Eyre, vol. ii. p. 356; Lang, ‘Queensland,’ p. 444.

786.  Loskiel, ‘Gesch. der Mission unter den Ind. in Nord-Amer.’ part i. ch. 3.

787.  Callaway, ‘Rel. of Amazulu,’ p. 348.

788.  Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ p. 416. See J. G. Müller, p. 207.

789.  Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part v. p. 632; see part i. p. 316, part vi. p. 166; ‘Iroquois,’ p. 36, see 237; Brinton, ‘Myths of New World,’ p. 63.

790.  Brebeuf in ‘Rel. des Jésuites dans la Nouvelle France,’ 1635, p. 34, 1636, p. 100. Sagard, ‘Histoire du Canada,’ Paris, 1636, p. 490. L. H. Morgan, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 156. See ante, vol. i. pp. 288, 349.

791.  Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’ vol. iii. pp. 182, 330, 335, 345; Le Jeune in ‘Rel. des Jés.’ 1637, p. 49; La Potherie, ‘Hist. de l’Amér. Septentrionale,’ Paris, 1722, vol. i. p. 121; J. G. Müller, p. 149, &c. Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part i. p. 35, &c., 320, 412; Catlin, vol. i. p. 156; Cranz, ‘Grönland,’ p. 263.

792.  Martius, ‘Ethnog. Amer.’ vol. i. pp. 327, 485, 583, 645, see 247, 393, 427, 696. See also J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrelig.’ pp. 259, &c., 403, 423; D’Orbigny, ‘L’Homme Américain,’ vol. i. p. 405, vol. ii. p. 257; Falkner, ‘Patagonia,’ p. 114; Musters, ‘Patagonians,’ p. 179; Fitzroy, ‘Voy. of Adventure and Beagle,’ vol. i. pp. 180, 190.

793.  Piedrahita, ‘Hist. de Neuv. Granada,’ part i. book i. ch. 3.

794.  Molina, ‘Hist. of Chili,’ vol. ii. p. 84; Febres, ‘Diccionario Chileño,’ s.v.

795.  Proyart, ‘Loango,’ in Pinkerton, vol. xvi. p. 504. Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 109. See Kolbe, ‘Kaap de Goede Hoop,’ part i. xxix.: Waitz, vol. ii. p. 342 (Hottentots).

796.  J. L. Wilson, ‘W. Afr.’ pp. 217, 387. Waitz, vol. ii. p. 173.

797.  Birch, in Bunsen, vol. v. p. 136. Wilkinson, ‘Ancient Eg.’ &c.

798.  Macpherson, ‘India,’ p. 84.

799.  Avesta, tr. by Spiegel. Vendidad, i.; ‘Khorda-Avesta.’ xlv. xlvi. Max Müller, ‘Lectures,’ 1st Ser. p. 208.

800.  Layard, ‘Nineveh,’ vol. i. p. 297; Ainsworth, ‘Izedis,’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. i. p. 11.

801.  Beausobre, ‘Hist. de Manichée,’ &c. Neander, ‘Hist. of Christian Religion,’ vol. ii. p. 157, &c.

802.  Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 155.

803.  Klemm, ‘Cultur-Gesch.’ vol. vi. p. 85.

804.  ‘Études Philologiques sur quelques Langues Sauvages de l’Amérique,’ par N. O. (J. A. Cuoq.) Montreal, 1866, p. 14. Brinton, ‘Myths of New World,’ p. 53. Schoolcraft, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 33.

805.  De la Borde, ‘Caraibes,’ p. 524. J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ p. 228.

806.  Dobrizhoffer, ‘Abipones,’ vol. ii. p. 89.

807.  Hutchinson, ‘Chaco Ind.’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 327.

808.  D’Orbigny, ‘L’Homme Américain,’ vol. ii. p. 319.

809.  Molina, ‘Hist. of Chili,’ vol. ii. p. 84, &c. Compare Febres, ‘Diccionario Chileño.’

810.  Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ p. 415. Musters, ‘Patagonians,’ p. 179.

811.  ‘Narratives of the Rites and Laws of the Yncas,’ trans. from the original Spanish MSS., and ed. by C. R. Markham, Hakluyt Soc. 1873, p. ix. 5, 16, 30, 76, 84, 154, &c. The above remarks are based on the early evidence here printed for the first time, and on private suggestions for which I am also indebted to Mr. Markham. The title Pachacamac has been also considered to mean Animator or Soul of the World, camani = I create, camac = creator, cama = soul (note to 2nd ed.). Garcilaso de la Vega, lib. i., ii. c. 2, iii. c. 20; Herrera, dec. v. 4; Brinton, ‘Myths of New World,’ p. 177, see 142; Rivero and Tschudi, ‘Peruvian Antiquities,’ ch. vii.; Waitz, vol. iv. p. 447; J. G. Müller, p. 317, &c.

812.  Sagard, ‘Hist. du Canada,’ p. 490. Hennepin, ‘Voy. dans l’Amérique,’ p. 302. Gregg, ‘Commerce of Prairies,’ vol. ii. p. 237.

813.  Le Jeune, ‘Rel. des Jés.’ 1637, p. 49; Brinton, p. 52; Lafitau, ‘Mœurs des Sauvages Amériquains,’ vol. i. pp. 126, 145 (note to 3rd ed.).

814.  Egede, ‘Descr. of Greenland,’ ch. xviii.; Cranz, ‘Grönland,’ p. 263; Rink, ‘Eskimoiske Eventyr,’ &c., p. 28.

815.  Le Jeune, 1633, p. 16; 1634, p. 13.

816.  Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part i. p. 15.

817.  Cartier, ‘Relation;’ Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 212; Lescarbot, ‘Nouvelle France,’ p. 613. Thevet, ‘Singularitez de la France Antarctique,’ Paris, 1558, ch. 77. See also J. G. Müller, p. 102. Andouagni is perhaps a miscopied form of Cudouagni. Other forms, Cudruagni, &c., occur.

818.  Smith, ‘Hist. of Virginia,’ London, 1632, in Pinkerton, ‘Voyages,’ vol. xiii. pp. 13, 18, 244 (New Eng.); see Arber’s edition. Priority has been claimed for E. Strachey (see Lang, ‘Making of Religion,’ p. 254), but this copyist seems only to have copied Capt. Smith’s ‘Map of Virginia’ (1608). Brinton, p. 58; Waitz, vol. iii. p. 177, &c. J. G. Müller, pp. 99, &c.; Loskiel, part i. pp. 33, 43.

819.  Brebeuf in ‘Rel. des Jés.’ 1636, p. 107; see above, p. 255. Sagard, p. 494; Cuoq, p. 176; J. G. Müller, p. 103. For other mention of a Supreme Deity among North American tribes see Joutel, ‘Journal du Voyage,’ &c., Paris, 1713, p. 224 (Louisiana); Sproat in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. v. p. 253 (Vancouver’s I.).

820.  Lafitau, ‘Mœurs des Sauvages Amériquains,’ 1724, vol. i. pp. 124-6.

821.  Bartram in ‘Tr. Amer. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. pp. 20, 26.

822.  Schoolcraft, ‘Ind. Tribes,’ part ii. p. 127.

823.  Prescott, ‘Mexico,’ book i. ch. vi. Sahagun, ‘Hist. de Nueva España,’ lib. vi. in Kingsborough, vol. v.; Torquemada, ‘Monarq. Ind.’ lib. x. c. 14. Waitz, vol. iv. p. 136; J. G. Müller, p. 621, &c.

824.  Moerenhout, ‘Voy. aux Iles du Grand Océan,’ vol. i. pp. 419, 437. Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 321, &c. J. R. Forster, ‘Voyage round the World,’ pp. 540, 567. Grey, ‘Polyn. Myth.’ p. 6. Taylor, ‘New Zealand,’ p. 118; see above, vol. i. p. 322. Turner, ‘Polynesia,’ p. 244. Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’ vol. ii. pp. 116, 121. Schirren, ‘Wandersagen der Neuseeländer,’ pp. 68, 89.

825.  Williams, ‘Fiji,’ vol. i. p. 217.

826.  Callaway, ‘Religion of Amazulu,’ part i. See ante, pp. 116, 313.

827.  See especially Waitz, vol. ii. p. 167, &c.; J. L. Wilson, ‘W. Afr.’ pp. 209, 387; Bosman, Mungo Park, &c. Comp. Ellis, ‘Madagascar,’ vol. i. p. 390.

828.  Steinhauser, ‘Religion des Negers,’ in ‘Mag. der Miss.’ Basel, 1856. No. 2, p. 128. J. L. Wilson, ‘W. Afr.’ pp. 92, 209; Römer, ‘Guinea,’ p. 42. See also Waitz, vol. ii. pp. 171, 419.

829.  Magyar, ‘Reisen in Süd-Afrika,’ pp. 125, 335.

830.  Bowen, ‘Gr. and Dic. of Yoruba,’ p. xvi. in ‘Smithsonian Contr.’ vol. i.

831.  Macpherson, ‘India,’ p. 84, &c.

832.  Dalton, ‘Kols,’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. vi. p. 32. Hunter, ‘Rural Bengal,’ p. 184.

833.  Siebold, ‘Nippon.’ Kaempfer, ‘Hist. of Japan,’ 1727, book I. ch. I, IV. For accurate modern information, see papers of Chamberlain and Satow in ‘Tr. As. Soc. Japan,’ and Murray’s Handbook (note to 3rd ed.).

834.  Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 1, &c. Klemm, ‘Cultur-Gesch.’ vol. iii. p. 101. ‘Samoiedia,’ in Pinkerton, vol. i. p. 531. ‘Georgi, Reise im Russ. Reich.’ vol. i. p. 275.

835.  Plath, ‘Rel. der Alten Chinesen,’ part i. p. 18, &c. See Max Müller, ‘Lectures on Science of Religion,’ No. III. in ‘Fraser’s Mag.’ 1870. Legge, ‘Confucius,’ p. 100.

836.  See Colebrooke, ‘Essays,’ vol. ii. Wuttke, ‘Heidenthum,’ part i. p. 254. Ward, ‘Hindoos,’ vol. i. p. xxi. vol. ii. p. 1.

837.  Comte, ‘Philosophie Positive.’ Cf. Bp. Berkeley’s ‘Siris’; and for a modern dissertation on the universal æther as the divine soul of the world, see Phil. Spiller, ‘Gott im Lichte der Naturwissenschaften,’ Berlin, 1873 (note to 2nd ed.).

838.  ‘Rig-Veda,’ i. 164, 46. Max Müller, ‘Chips,’ vol. i. pp. 27, 241.

839.  See Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterlehre,’ pp. 143, 175.

840.  Avesta; trans. by Spiegel, ‘Ormazd-Yasht.’ 12.

841.  Wilkinson, ‘Ancient Eg.’ vol. iv. ch. xii.; Bunsen, ‘Egypt,’ vol. iv. p. 325.

842.  Movers, ‘Phönizier,’ vol. i. p. 169, &c.

843.  ‘Of the Principles and Duties of Natural Religion,’ London, 1678, book i. ch. vi. Johnson’s Dictionary, s.v. The term ‘natural religion’ is used in various and even incompatible senses. Thus Butler in his ‘Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature,’ signifies by ‘natural religion’ a primæval system which he expressly argues to have been not reasoned out, but taught first by revelation. This system, of which the main tenets are the belief in one God, the Creator and Moral Governor of the World, and in a future state of moral retribution, differs in the extreme from the actual religions of the lower races.

844.  Turner, ‘Polynesia,’ p. 88; see p. 427.

845.  Ibid. p. 200; see p. 174. See also Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 343. Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’ vol. ii. p. 235.

846.  Schoolcraft, ‘Ind. Tribes,’ part iii. p. 237.

847.  M’Coy, ‘Baptist Indian Missions,’ p. 359.