410 “Apologeticus,” i. 37.
411 “Catech. Lect.,” xix. 8, delivered in the new Church of the Anastasis in 348 A. D. Cyril was a semi-Arian.
412 “Life of Constant.” (in Greek), iii. 25.
413 “Demonstr. Evang.,” vi. 18.
414 “Life of Constant.,” iii. 30.
415 “Life of Constant.,” iii. 28.
416 “Catech. Lect.,” xiii. 9.
417 “Mem. West Pal. Survey,” vol. , pp. 316, 330; “Mem. East Pal. Survey,” p. 244. In the latter instance there are several groups of rock-sunk graves.
418 Onomasticon, s.v. Golgotha; Bordeaux Pilgrim; St. Silvia (385 A. D.).
419 Eusebius, “Life of Constant.,” iii. 34–9; Willis, “Ch. of Holy Sep.,” 1849; de Vogüé, “Églises de la Terre Sainte,” 1860; Prof. Hayter Lewis, “Holy Places of Jer.,” 1888.
420 “Catech. Lect.,” xix. 1-xxi. 4. See Tertullian, “In Prax.,” 26, “De Corona,” 3.
421 “Primitiva et ecclesiarum mater sancta Sion,” “Will. Tyre.,” xv. 4; Eucherius (c. 427–40 A. D.), “Ut fertur ab apostolis fundata”; Theodorus (c. 530 A. D.), “Mater omnium ecclesiarum.”
423 Ammianus Marcellinus, xxiii. 1; Julian, “Epist.,” xxix., xxx.; Greg. Nazianzen, “Orat.,” iv.
424 Antoninus Martyr (c. 570 A. D.), “The [east] gate of the city which adjoins what was once the Beautiful Gate of the Temple, the thresholds and posts of which still stand.” See Prof. Hayter Lewis, “Holy Places of Jerusalem,” 1888, p. 94. This statement may be explained by the conclusion reached by de Vogüé (“Temple de Jérusalem,” chap. v.) that remains of an earlier gate are traceable at the Golden Gate.
426 Ant. Mart., xxv. Theodorus (530 A. D.) places the site outside the “Galilee Gate.” He also says that Siloam “is within the wall.”
427 John ix. 11.
428 Nâṣr-i-Khosrau, 1047 A. D.
430 Ant. Mart., xxiv.
431 The great corner tower on south-west seems to be that at the present Protestant Cemetery. The other chapels may be the House of Caiaphas, the Church of St. Giles (near the Causeway), and that of the Spasm in the Via Dolorosa.
432 The arched cornices at the Double and Golden Gates are attributed by de Vogüé to about the sixth century. The different style of the interior gate-house at the latter gate, and of the Byzantine pillars in the Aḳṣa, may be explained by the work having been begun by the Patriarch Elias, and finished by Justinian in a style more like that in use at Byzantium.
433 “De Ædificiis Justiniani,” v. 6; Antoninus Mart., xxiii.
434 Robinson, “Bib. Res.,” i. pp. 296, 384.
435 Prof. Hayter Lewis, “Holy Places of Jer.,” 1888, pp. 74–9.
436 The suggestion that the Bethlehem basilica is later than Constantine’s age seems to be only true in part. Much of the building is undoubtedly later. The mosaics date only from the twelfth century, and the roof of the transept from 1482. But the pillars of the basilica appear to be of Constantine’s age, and to be still in situ (see “Mem. West Pal. Survey,” 1883, vol. iii. p. 85).
438 Theodorus (c. 530 A. D.), “Pretorium Pilati ... ibi est ecclesia Sanctæ Sophiæ”; Antoninus Mart., xxiii.
439 Cyril of Scythopolis, “Vita Sabæ.”
440 Ḳorân, xxx. 1.
441 See Robinson, “Bib. Res.,” i. p. 387.
442 Eutychius, “Annales,” ii.; John of Würzburg (c. 1160 A. D.); “Citez de Jhérusalem”; “Ord. Survey Notes,” p. 68. The pool is perhaps the Beth Mamil of the Talmud (Tal. Bab., Erubin, 51 b; Sanhed., 24 a; Bereshith, Rabḅa, ch. li.) though some pilgrims connect it with St. Babylas. The legend of the pious lion who buried these martyrs may have arisen from a corruption of the name Mamilla (“filled”) as M’aun-el-lawi (“den of the lion”). The cemetery near the pool is now Moslem, but the Ḳubbet el ’Abd, or “slave’s dome,” is an old Crusader’s tomb in its midst.
443 Leontius, “Life of John Eleemon.”
444 There is also a short Armenian account, probably of the seventh century. N. Bain in Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly, Oct. 1896; “Archives de l’Orient Latin,” ii. p. 394. The rotunda is here stated to have had an upper arcade of twelve pillars.
445 St. Willibald (c. 754 A. D.).
446 Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly, Oct. 1907, p. 297, Oct. 1908, pp. 298–310, report by Mr. A. C. Dickie.
448 So Arculphus in 680 A. D.; but in 754 A. D. Willibald describes it as being square.