BOOK III.
MEDIÆVAL CRITICISM.
CHAPTER I.
BEFORE DANTE.
Characteristics of mediæval literature 372
Its attitude to criticism 373
Importance of prosody 373
The early formal Rhetorics—Bede 374
Isidore 375
Alcuin(?) 375
Another track of inquiry 377
St Augustine a Professor of Rhetoric 377
His attitude to literature before and after his conversion 378
Analysis of the Confessions from this point of view 378
A conclusion from this to the general patristic view of literature 380
Sidonius Apollinaris 383
His elaborate epithet-comparison 385
And minute criticisms of style and metre 386
A deliberate critique 388
Cassiodorus 389
Boethius 390
Critical attitude of the fifth century 391
The sixth—Fulgentius 392
The Fulgentii and their books 393
The Super Thebaiden and Expositio Virgiliana 394
Venantius Fortunatus 396
Isidore of Seville again 400
Bede again 402
His Ars Metrica 403
The Central Middle Ages to be more rapidly passed over 405
Provençal and Latin treatises 407
The De Dictamine Rhythmico 407
John of Garlandia 408
The Labyrinthus 408
Critical review of poets contained in it 409
Minor rhythmical treatises 411
Geoffrey de Vinsauf: his Nova Poetria 412
CHAPTER II.
The De Vulgari Eloquio: Its history and authentication 417
Its importance 418
And the scanty recognition thereof 418
Abstract of its contents: The “Vulgar Tongue” and “Grammar” 419
The nature, &c., of the gift of speech 420
Division of contemporary tongues 421
And of the subdivisions of Romance 422
The Italian Dialects: Some rejected at once 423
Others—Sicilian, Apulian, Tuscan, and Genoese 424
Venetian: Some good in Bolognese 424
The “Illustrious” Language none of these, but their common measure 425
Its four characteristics 425
The Second Book—Why Dante deals with poetry only 426
All good poetry should be in the Illustrious 427
The subjects of High Poetry—War, Love, Virtue 427
Its form: Canzoni 427
Definition of Poetry 428
Its styles, and the constituents of the grand style 428
Superbia Carminum 428
Constructionis elatio 429
Excellentia Verborum 429
Pexa et hirsuta 430
The Canzone 430
Importance of the book 431
Independence and novelty of its method 432
Dante’s attention to Form 433
His disregard of Oratory 433
The influence on him of Romance 434
And of comparative criticism 434
The poetical differentia according to him 435
His antidote to the Wordsworthian heresy 436
His handling of metre 436
Of diction 437
His standards of style 438
The “Chapter of the Sieve” 439
The pexa 440
The hirsuta 441
Other critical loci in Dante 441
The Epistle to Can Grande 441
The Convito 442
Dante on Translation 443
On language as shown in prose and verse 443
Final remarks on his criticism 444
CHAPTER III.
THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES.
Limitations of this chapter 447
The material it offers 448
The Formal Arts of Rhetoric 448
And of Poetry 449
Examples of Indirect Criticism: Chaucer 450
Sir Thopas 451
Froissart 453
Richard of Bury 455
Petrarch 456
Boccaccio 457
His work on Dante 457
The Trattatello 458
The Comento 459
The De Genealogia Deorum 460
Gavin Douglas 464
Further examples unnecessary 466
INTERCHAPTER III.
   
§ I. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MEDIÆVAL PERIOD TO LITERARY CRITICISM 469
   
§ II. THE POSITION, ACTUAL AND POSSIBLE, OF LITERARY CRITICISM AT THE RENAISSANCE 481
   
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INDEX 487