1 (return)
[ The word is explained in my
"Itineraries," part ii. sect. 3.]
2 (return)
[ See Appendix IV. "Botanical
Notes."]
3 (return)
[ "Opens," i.e. the door for
a higher price: it is the usual formula of refusing to sell.]
4 (return)
[ Chap. XVI.]
5 (return)
[ The Saturday Review, in a
courteous notice of my first volume (May 25, 1878), has the following
remarks:—"The Arabs talk of some (?) Nazarenes, and a 'King of the
Franks,' having built the stone huts and the tombs in a neighbouring
cemetery ('Aynúnah). But there can be no local tradition worth repeating
in this instance." Here we differ completely; and those will agree with me
who know how immutable and, in certain cases, imperishable Arab tradition
is. The reviewer, true, speaks of North Midian, where all the tribes,
except the Beni 'Ukbah, are new. Yet legend can survive the destruction
and disappearance of a race: witness the folk-traditions of the
North-Eastern Italians and the adjacent Slavs. Here, however, in South
Midian we have an ancient race, the Baliyy. And what strengthens the
Christian legend is that it is known to man, woman, and child throughout
the length and breadth of the land.]
6 (return)
[ In Sinai "Shinnár" is also
applied to a partridge, but I am unable to distinguish the species—caccabis,
Desert partridge, (Ammoperdix heyi, the Arab Hajl), or the black partridge
(Francolinus vulgaris).]
7 (return)
[ Chap. IX. has already
noticed Ptolemy's short measure.]
8 (return)
[ Chap. XVII.]
9 (return)
[ Helix desertorum (Forsk.)
and Helix (sp. incert.)]
10 (return)
[ See "The Gold Mines of
Midian,'' Chap. II.]
11 (return)
[ So in Moab the ruins of
"Méron" or Mérou of the Greeks has degenerated into Umm Rasás, "the Mother
of Lead."]
12 (return)
[ Their names will be given
in Chap. XIII.]
13 (return)
[ A. G., p. 24. See "The
Gold-Mines of Midian," Chap. XI. Sprenger spells the word either with a
Zád or a Zá: I have discussed the question in my "Itineraries," part ii.
sect. 4.]
14 (return)
[ See the end of this
Chapter for a list.]
15 (return)
[ See Chap. XIV.]
16 (return)
[ "Irwin's Voyage," 1777.]
17 (return)
[ This was probably a
misprint originally, but it has been repeated in subsequent editions.
Hence it imposed upon even such careful workmen as the late Lieutenant
Henry Raper, "The Practice of Navigation," etc., p. 527, 6th edition.]
18 (return)
[ See an excellent
description of the phenomenon in that honest and courageous work, "Through
Bosnia and the Herzegovina on Foot," by Arthur J. Evans, B.A., F.S.A.
London: Longmans, 1877.]
19 (return)
[ There is, however,
nothing to prevent its being eaten.]
20 (return)
[ See Chap. X.]
21 (return)
[ Chap. X.]
22 (return)
[ Not to be confounded with
the luguminous "Tanúb" mentioned by Forskâl ("Flora," etc., p. 197).]
23 (return)
[ The word classically
means the cypress or the juniper-tree: in Jeremiah, where it occurs twice
(xvii. 6 and xlviii. 6), the Authorized Version renders it by "heath." It
is now generally translated "savin" (Juniperus sabina), a shrub whose
purple berries have a strong turpentine flavour. When shall we have a
reasonable version of Hebrew Holy Writ, which will retain the original
names of words either untranslatable or to be translated only by
guess-work?]
24 (return)
[ In Cairo generally called
Espadrilles, and sold for 1.25 francs. Nothing punishes the feet at these
altitudes so much as leather, black leather.]
25 (return)
[ The explorers laid this
down at a few hundred feet. But they judged from the eye; and probably
they did not sight the true culmination. Unfortunately, and by my fault,
they were not provided with an aneroid.]
26 (return)
[ See Chap. V.]
27 (return)
[ For the usual
interpretations see Chapter I. The Egyptians, like other nations, often
apply their own names, which have a meaning, to the older terms which have
become unintelligible. Thus, near Cairo, the old goddess, Athor el-Núbí
("of the Gold"), became Asr el-Nabi ("the Footprint of the Apostle").]
28 (return)
[ "The Gold-Mines of
Midian," Chap. XI.]
29 (return)
[ See Chap. XI.]
30 (return)
[ Chap. XII.]
31 (return)
[ Chap XV.]
32 (return)
[ Chap. XV.]
33 (return)
[ Vol. ii. Chap. X. I have
also quoted him in "The Gold-Mines of Midian," Chap. VI.]
34 (return)
[ My "Pilgrimage" (Vol. I.
Chap. XI.) called it "Sherm Damghah": it is the "Demerah" of Moresby and
the "Demeg" of 'Ali Bey el-'Abbási (the unfortunate Spaniard Badia).]
35 (return)
[ See "The Gold-Mines of
Midian," Chap. VII.]
36 (return)
[ The old being the
classical (Iambia Vicus), in north lat. 24°. This is Yambú' el-Nakhil, in
Ptolemy's time a seaport, now fifteen miles to the north-east (north lat.
24° 12' 3"?) of the modern town. The latter lies in north lat. 24° 5' 30"
(Wellsted, ii. II), and, according to the Arabs, six hours' march from the
sea.]
37 (return)
[ Vol. I. pp. 364, 365.]
38 (return)
[ "The Gold-Mines of
Midian," Chap. IX.]
39 (return)
[ Chap. VI. describes one
of the sporadic (?) outcrops near Tayyib Ism; and Chap. IX notices the
apparently volcanic sulphur-mount near El-Muwaylah.]
40 (return)
[ See Chap. IX.]
41 (return)
[ "The Gold-Mines of
Midian," Chap. XII.]
42 (return)
[ See "The Gold-Mines of
Midian," Chap. VIII.]
43 (return)
[ "Pilgrimage," Vol. I.
Chap. XI.]
44 (return)
[ In "The Gold Mines of
Midian" (Chap. IV.) I unconsciously re-echoed the voice of the vulgar
about "the harbour being bad and the water worse" at El-Wijh.]
45 (return)
[ This style of writing
reminds me of the inch allah (Inshallah!) in the pages of a learned "war
correspondent"—a race whose naive ignorance and whose rare
self-sufficiency so completely perverted public opinion during the
Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78.]
46 (return)
[ Not Shaykh Hasan
el-Marábit—"Pilgrimage," Vol. I. Chap. XI.]
47 (return)
[ "Pilgrimage," Vol. I.
Chap. XI., where it is erroneously called "Jebel Hasan;" others prefer
Hasa'ni—equally wrong. Voyagers put in here to buy fish, which
formerly was dried, salted, and sent to Egypt; and, during the Hajj
season, the Juhaynah occupy a long straggling village of huts on the south
side of the island.]
48 (return)
[ There are now no less
than three lines of steamers that connect the western coast of Arabia with
the north. The first is the Egyptian Company, successively called
Mejidíyyah, Azízíyyah, and Khedivíyyah, from its chief actionnaire: the
packets, mostly three-masted screws, start from Suez to Jeddah every
fortnight. Secondly, the Austro-Hungarian Lloyd which, with the subvention
of £1400 per voyage, began in 1870 to ply monthly between Constantinople,
Port Sa'íd, Suez, Jeddah, and Hodaydah: it has been suspended since the
beginning of the Russo-Turkish war. Thirdly, the British India Steam
Navigation Company sends every three weeks a ship from London viâ the
Canal to Jeddah, Hodaydah, and Aden. A fourth is proposed; Bymen's
(Winan's?) steamers are establishing a London-Basrah (Bassorah) line, in
whose itinerary will be Jeddah.]
49 (return)
[ The observation was taken
on board the Sinnár, by the first lieutenant Násir Effendi Ahmed: of
course I am not answerable for its correctness, although the latitude
cannot be far out. Thus the difference of parallel between it and El-Wijh
(north lat. 26° 14') would be sixty-eight direct geographical miles.]
50 (return)
[ Beni Kalb: so the Juhaynah
were called in the Apostle's day.]
51 (return)
[ The site was probably
near the Shaykh's tomb, where there are wells which in winter supply
water.]
52 (return)
[ This is the volume which
I have translated: see also Dr. Beke's papers in the Athenæum (February 8
and 15, 1873).]
53 (return)
[ See "Mount Sinai a
Volcano" (Tinsleys). For a list of Yakut's volcanoes, see Dr. Beke, "Sinai
in Arabia," Appendix, p. 535.]
54 (return)
[ Vol. II. p. 187.]
55 (return)
[ "The Gold-Mines of
Midian," p. 213.]
56 (return)
[ As regards these and
similar graffiti see (Athenaeum, March 16, 1878) an excerpt from the last
Comptes Rendues of the Acad. des Inscript. et B. Lettres, Paris. The
celebrated M. Joseph Halévy attacked in their entirety (about 680) the
rock-writings in the Safá desert, south-east of Damascus. The German
savants, mostly attributing them to the Sabá tribes, who immigrated from
Yemen about our first century, tried the Himyaritic syllabaries and
failed. M. Halévy traces them to the Beni Tamúd (Thamudites), who served
as mercenaries in the Roman army, and whose head-quarters we are now
approaching. They contain, according to him, mostly proper names, with
devotional formulae, similar to those of the Sinaitic inscriptions and the
Kufic and later epigraphs which we discovered. For instance, "By A., son
of B., in memory of his mother; he has accomplished his vow, may he be
pardoned." The language is held to be intermediate between Arabic and the
northern Semitic branches. Names of the Deity (El and Loo or La'?) are
found only in composition, as in Abd-El ("Abdallah, slave of El"); and the
significant absence of the cross and religious symbols remarked in the
Syrian inscriptions, denotes the era of heathenism, which lasted till the
establishment of Christianity, about the end of the third century. "At
that time," M. Halévy says, "Christianity became the official religion of
the Empire; doubt and scepticism penetrated amongst those Arabic tribes
which were the allies of Rome, and amongst whom, for a certain time, a
kind of vague Deism was prevalent until the day when they disappeared,
having been absorbed by the great migrations which had taken place in
those countries."]
57 (return)
[ Some call it so; others
Umm Karáyát: I have preferred the former—"Mother of the Villages,"
not "of Villages"—as being perhaps the more common.]
58 (return)
[ See Chap. XIX.]
59 (return)
[ Vol. II. Chap. X.]
60 (return)
[ This rock, assayed in
England, produced no precious metal. As has been said, gold was found in
its containing walls of quartz.]
61 (return)
[ This is the valley
confounded by Wallin and those who followed him (e.g. Keith Johnston) with
the Wady Hamz, some forty miles to the south.]
62 (return)
[ See the illustration,
"Desert of the Exodus," p. 306.]
63 (return)
[ Vol. II. Chap. X.]
64 (return)
[ Described in "The
Gold-Mines of Midian," Chap. XII.]
65 (return)
[ Chap. XVIII.]
66 (return)
[ The barbarous names,
beginning from the west, are Jebels Sehayyir, 'Unká ("of the griffon"),
Marákh (name of a shrub), Genayy (Jenayy), El-Hazzah, El-Madhanah,
Buza'mah, and Urnuwah.]
67 (return)
[ Dr. C. Carter Blake
examined the four brought home, and identified No. 1, superior pharyngeal
bone and teeth (Scarus); No. 2, inferior bone and teeth of a large fish
allied to Labrus or Chrysophrys; No. 3, left side, pre-maxillary, possibly
same species; and No. 4, lower right mandible of Sphrodon grandoculis,
Rüppell.]
68 (return)
[ The MS. of this
geographer was brought to light by Professor Sprenger, and Part I. has
been published by Professor de Goeje in his "Bibliotheca Geographarum
Arabicorum," here alluded to.]
69 (return)
[ We have seen (Chap. II.)
that the Arabs of Midian mistake iron for antimony; and the same is the
case in the Sinaitic Peninsula.]
70 (return)
[ Ahmed Kaptán's solar
observation.]
71 (return)
[ Written in pleasant
memory of two visits to Uriconium, the favourite "find" of poor Thomas
Wright, under the guidance of our steadfast and hospitable friend, Mr.
Henry Wace, of Brooklands, Shrewsbury.]
72 (return)
[ The capital was also
transported to Cairo; it could not have been voluted as there were only
two projections.]
73 (return)
[ Lib. xvi. c. iv. § 24.
The MSS. differ in the name of the "village situated on the sea;" some
call it Egra, others Negra, after the inland settlement; and the
commentator Kramer remarks, Mire corrupta est h?c ultima libri pars.]
74 (return)
[ North lat. 26°, which
would correspond with that of the Abá'l-Maru' ruins.]
75 (return)
[ My friend Sprenger
strongly protests against Ælius Gallus, begging me to abandon him, as the
Romans must long have held the whole coast to El-Haurá, their chief
settlement.]
76 (return)
[ For a specimen of the
superficiality which characterizes Lane's "Modern Egyptians," and of the
benefits which, despite the proverbial difficulty of changing an old book
into a new one, an edition, much enlarged and almost rewritten, would
confer upon students, see Vol. III. Chap. XXI. Instead of a short abstract
of all this celebrated story, we have only popular excerpts from the first
volume.]
77 (return)
[ On the maritime road
between Meccah and El-Medínah, celebrated for the apostolic battle which
took place in A.H. 2.]
78 (return)
[ The names marked with
interrogations are unknown to all the Arabs whom I consulted : they are
probably obsolete.]
79 (return)
[ Identified by Niebuhr and
Wellsted with certains ruins south of Yambú'. See Chap. IV.]
80 (return)
[ The straight path, the
highway to Egypt or Cairo.]
81 (return)
[ Elsewhere called Sukyat
Yezíd, a name now forgotten.]
82 (return)
[ I have remarked that the
name of the Patriarch Jacob is no longer connected with the Badá plain.]
83 (return)
[ Schweinfurth (the
Athenæum, July 6, 1878) speaks of a "Wadi Abu Marwa ('Quartz Valley')"
south of the Galalah block.]
84 (return)
[ Chap. IX.]
85 (return)
[ A paper describing our
"finds" was read before the Anthropological Section of the British
Association Meeting at Dublin on August 21, 1878, and subsequently before
the Anthropological Institute of London (December 10, 1878).]
86 (return)
[ The following was the
announcement offered to the public:—
"La collection minéralogique et archéologique rapportée par le Capitaine Burton, de sa seconde Expédition au pays de Midian, est exposée dans les salles de l'Hippodrome, avant d'être envoyée à l'Exposition Universelle de Paris, sous la direction de M. G. Marie, inge'nieur des mines.
"La salle du sud renferme les croquis et les aquarelles faits par M. E. Lacaze.
"La partie du nord commence avec Akabah, point extrême atteint par l'Expédition; elle contient les résultats du premier voyage de l'Expédition, c'est-à-dire: Shermá, Djebel el-Abiat, Aynouneh, Moghair-Schuaib, Mokna et Akabah.
"Le mur de l'est contient tout ce qui se rapporte à la seconde exploration, c'est-à-dire l'Hismá et le grand massif du Shárr.
"Le mur du sud contient les principaux points de vue pris au sud du pays de Midian: Wedje, la forteresse, la montagne de Omm-el-Karáyát, travaillée par les anciens, la mine de Omm el-Hárab, le temple antique, etc., etc.
"Sur la table sont les médailles et la collection anthropologique fait par le Capitaine Burton.
"La salle du nord contient la collection géologique et minéralogique faite par M. G. Marie; les minéraux sont classés suivant l'ordre des pays parcourus, c'est-à-dire en commencant à Akabah et finissant au Ouadi Hamz, frontière du Hedjaz.
"Tout autour de la salle sont rangées les vingt caisses contenant des échantillons que Son Altesse le Khédive envoie en Angleterre pour y être analysés. Près de la porte de l'est sont placés les restes du temple de l'Ouadi Hamz, les moulins pour écraser le quartz, les briques réfractaires, et enfin les inscriptions Nabathéennes.
"Dans les loges de l'Hippodrome, derrière les deux salles, sont déposés environ quinze tonnes d'échantillons, destinès a être analysés par une Commission locale, nommée par Son Altesse le Khédive."]
87 (return)
[ M. Marie, £35 12s.; Haji
Wali, £23; M. Philipin, £12 4s.; M. Lacaze, £3 16s.]
88 (return)
[ Starting with a hundred
camels and three Shaykhs.]
89 (return)
[ For all hands.]
90 (return)
[ Includes "bakhshísh."]
91 (return)
[ Sixty-one camels, four
Shaykhs.]
92 (return)
[ For all hands.]
93 (return)
[ Fifty camels, three
Shaykhs.]
94 (return)
[ For all hands.]
95 (return)
[ Got from Mukhbir.]
96 (return)
[ Fifty-eight camels, three
Shaykhs.]
97 (return)
[ For all hands.]
98 (return)
[ Includes "bakhshísh."]
99 (return)
[ Six months' pay.]
100 (return)
[ Four months.]
101 (return)
[ Four months and a
half.]
102 (return)
[ Employed on special
service.]