[330] Euchar. 65.
[331] Probably his early teaching was in the hands of a household slave. Cf. Rocafort, Paulin de Pella, p. 32.
[332] Rocafort, Paulin de Pella, xi, thinks the reference is merely to ‘locutions inusitées’. ἀκοινονόητα is read by Brandes, though ἀκοινώνητα, except for metrical difficulties, would seem better.
[333] Verse 66.
[334] l.c. 79.
[335] Not eighteen, as Rocafort says.
[336] l.c. 117.
[337] Gilbert Murray, Religio Grammatici, pp. 10 ff.
[338] Protrepticon, 45 ff.
[339] Cf. Quintilian’s emphasis on starting with Homer (Inst. x. 1. 46). He is the poet par excellence: ‘omnibus eloquentiae partibus exemplum et ortum dedit’. Not to be able to read him is a mark of utter ignorance. Cf. viii. 5. 9; xii. 11. 21.
[340] Ibid. 46, 47.
[341] Verses 56-60.
[342] De Idol. 10. Cf. Aug. Confess. i. 14. 23.
[343] He had read Vergil ‘unum omnium maxime veterum auctorum atque haud scio an unicum’. Brandes, Corp. Scriptt. Lat. Eccl. Paul. Pell., p. 279.
[344] Ep. i. 9. 8; ii. 2. 2; iii. 13. 1; iv. 12. 1; Carm. xxiii. 147; xiii. 36.
[345] Ep. i. 11. 1; Carm. ix. 225; xxiii. 452.
[346] Ep. i. 9. 8; Carm. xxiii. 149.
[347] Ep. iv. 12. 1; Carm. ix. 213; xxiii. 130.
[348] Protrep. 61 ff.
[349] Prof. xxvi.
[350] Rocafort, De Paul. Pell. Vita et Carmine, 33.
[351] Prof. xxvi, Platonicum Dogma.
[352] The traditional Roman order is here assumed. The relation of (1) and (2) in Gaul will be discussed later.
[353] Prof. i. 2.
[354] Mosella, 403.
[355] Ep. 125 (Migne, Pat. Lat. xxii. 1079) ‘post Quintiliani acumina’.
[356] ‘Num quid fas est adversus Quintilianum nisi pro veritate dicere?’ Dictio, xxi.
[357] Carm. ix. 314. Cf. Carm. ii. 191; Ep. v. 10. 3.
[358] Ep. 70 (Migne, Pat. Lat. xxii. 668).
[359] Instit. i. 1. 27.
[360] Cf. Seneca, Ep. 94. 54.
[361] Mart. iv. 86. 11.
[362] Juv. x. 117.
[364] Das Privatleben der Römer, p. 151.
[365] Cf. Blümner, Röm. Privatalterthümer, 321. He quotes Bücheler, Carm. Epigr. 219
[366] Ephem. 7 ‘puer, notarum praepetum sollers minister’.
[367] Sid. Ep. v. 17. 10.
[368] Instit. i. 1. 24.
[369] Migne, Pat. Lat. xc. 686. He does not set out to write specially for dumb people, as one might think from the title, but ‘ut cum maximam computandi facilitatem dederimus tum paratiore legentium ingenio ad investigandam ... computando seriem temporum veniamus’, Praef. Cf. Macrob. vii. 13. 10, and Quintil. Inst. i. 10. 35. Pliny (N. H. xxxiv. 7) tells of a statue of Janus ‘digitis ita figuratis ut CCCLXV dierum nota per significationem anni, temporis et aevi esse deum indicent’.
[370] Auson. Prof. xxii.
[371] Cf. e.g. Diocletian’s Edict, A.D. 301 (Mommsen, Berichte der ... Sächs. Gesellschaft, iii. 56).
[372] Cf. Macrob. i. 24. 5 ‘videris enim mihi (says Symmachus to Evangelus, whom he accuses of shallowness in a Vergilian discussion) ita adhuc Vergilianos habere versus, qualiter eos pueri magistris praelegentibus canebamus’; and Suet. Gram. 16.
[373] Cf. Quintil. i. 8. 1.
[374] Rutherford, History of Annotation, p. 12, quoted Murray, Religio Grammatici, p. 16.
[375] Ibid.
[377] Quint. i. 8. 13; Aug. Confess. i. 14. 23.
[378] Hor. Ep. ii. 1. 71.
[379] Ozanam, Hist. of Civilization in Fifth Century, i. 202.
[380] Walde, Lat. etymol. Wörterb., 1910, derives it from tendo.
[381] Cf. Murray, Religio Grammatici, pp. 16 ff., for Dionysius’s six departments of Grammatikê.
[382] Aen. i. 45.
[383] Aul. Gell. xiii. 21. 10-11, 16.
[384] Aen. x. 18.
[385] Aen. i.
[386] Cf. Keil, Gram. Lat. iv, Praef. xxxvi.
[387] Hier. Chron., An. 358; Migne, Pat. Lat. xxvii. 687.
[388] Keil, Grammatici Latini, iv. 353 ff. Cf. Quintil. i. 8. 14.
[389] Ozanam, op. cit., i. 203.
[390] Ep. v. 16. 3. He may be the same as the Argicius or Agricius of Auson. Prof. xvi. 6.
[391] Keil, Gram. Lat., Supplement, p. 187.
[392] Keil, op. cit., vii. 376 ff. Krumbacher speaks of its text as ‘durch den Schulgebrauch jedenfalls vielfach abgeschliffen’, Rhein. Mus. xxxix, p. 352.
[393] Migne, Pat. Lat. xxiii. 952 ‘Legamus Varronis de Antiquitatibus libros et Si(se)nnii Capitonis ... caeterosque eruditissimos viros’. Capito was probably a junior contemporary of Varro. See Hertz, Sinnius Capito, pp. 6-13.
[394] Funaioli, Gram. Rom. Frag. (1907), p. 457. Cf. Gell. v. 21. 6.
[395] Funaioli, op. cit., p. 461.
[396] Op. cit., p. 459; Keil, Gram. Lat. v. 110.
[397] Funaioli, op. cit.
[398] Op. cit. 462 ‘Hoc versu Lucili significari ait Sinnius Capito’, &c.
[399] Op. cit. 464.
[400] Op. cit. 460.
[401] Op. cit. 465.
[402] Op. cit. 462.
[403] See Teuffel-Schwabe, transl. Warr, pp. 538 ff.
[404] Cf. Keil, Gram. Lat. vii. 49, 51, 80, 266.
[405] Gram. 19.
[406] Privatalterthümer, p. 328.
[407] Grundriss der röm. Litt., p. 721.
[408] De Re Rustica, i. 2. 1.
[409] ‘Cogor et e tabula pictos ediscere mundos’, v. 3. 37.
[410] Nat. Hist. ii. 75.
[411] Bulaeus, Hist. Univ. Paris. i. 19.
[412] So Agrippa made a map of the world (Plin. N. H. iii. 2) which was put up in the Porticus Vipsania ‘tempore Augusti’, and it is thought that he wrote geographical commentaries which became the basis of Pliny’s remarks on the subject. See Cantor, Die röm. Agrimensoren, p. 84.
[413] ‘Videat praeterea in illis porticibus iuventus et cotidie spectet omnes terras et cuncta maria et quidquid invictissimi principes urbium, gentium, nationum, aut restituunt aut virtute devincunt aut terrore devinciunt’, Pan. Lat. xi. 20.
[414] Cf. Seneca, Ep. i. 6.
[415] Pan. Lat. xi. 20. Cf. 21 ‘Orbem spectare depictum’.
[416] Ch. 2.
[417] Voyage dans le Midi de la France, i. 340.
[418] Parent. iv. 17.
[419] Sid. Ep. iv. 3. 5.
[420] Carm. xxii, Intro.
[421] ‘Cuius collegio vir praefectus non modo musicos quosque, verum etiam geometras arithmeticos et astrologos disserendi arte supervenit, si quidem nullum hoc exactius compertum habere censuerim quid sidera zodiaci obliqua, quid planetarum vaga ... praevaleant’, Carm. xxii, Intro.
[422] Quintil. i. 4. 4 ‘nec si rationem siderum ignoret poetas intelligat’.
[423] Jullian, Rev. internat. de l’Enseignement, 1893, p. 43.
[424] Cf. Auson. Prof. xxvi ‘poeticus stylus’, and the productions of the Panegyrici Latini. The Grammatici Latini, on the other hand, amply illustrate the prosiness of the grammarian.
[425] Cf. Denk, Gallo-fränk. Unterrichts- u. Bildungswesen, p. 133.
[426] Confess. i. 17.
[427] Dictiones, xxviii.
[428] Ibid. xxvi.
[429] Ennodius, Dict. xx.
[430] ‘Titianus et Calvus ... qui themata omnia de Vergilio elicuerunt et deformarunt ad dicendi usum, in exemplo controversiarum has duas posuerunt adlocutiones, dicentes Venerem agere statu absolutivo, cum dicit Iunoni “causa fuisti periculorum his quibus Italiam fata concesserant”; Iunonem vero niti statu relativo, per quem ostendit Troianos non sua causa laborare sed Veneris’, Verg. x. 18.
[431] Artis Rhetoricae lib. iii.
[432] Institutiones Oratoriae.
[433] ‘Contuli in ordinem ea quae fere de oratoria arte traduntur, secundum institutum magistrorum meorum ... ita tamen ut ex arbitrio meo aliqua praeterirem, pleraque ordine immutato referrem, non nulla ex aliis quae necessaria videbantur insererem’, Pref. (Teuffel-Schwabe, ii, § 427. 6).
[434] Cf. the Suasoriae with the Dictiones of Ennodius.
[435] e.g. Liban. Ep. 1313, ed. Reiske.
[436] Philostrat. Via Soph., p. 8, ed. Kayser.
[437] Seeck’s ed. of the Letters, p. 309.
[438] I owe the suggestion that the Rhetores Graeci might serve as illustrations of the rhetorical methods of the time to Prof. J. A. Smith of Magdalen.
[439] Quintil. i. 9.
[440] Blümner, Privatalterthümer, 327.
[441] Quintil. i. 10. 1.
[442] Theon. Prog. i. Cf. Quintil, i. 9 ‘Adiciamus eorum (i.e. Grammaticorum) curae quaedam dicendi primordia, quibus aetates nondum rhetorem capientes instituant’.
[443] Ep. 985.
[444] De Theone Hermogene Aphthonioque Progymnasmatum Scriptoribus, p. 14.
[445] Ibid., p. 34.
[446] Ibid., p. 24.
[447] Pauly-Wissowa, s.v. Aphthonius.
[448] Rhetores Graeci, vol. ii, ed. Spengel.
[449] Instit. ii. 4.
[450] Strange. Perhaps the meaning is bright like flowers, brilliant, pointed. But more likely, as Prof. Murray has pointed out to me, the author is thinking of embroidery. The boy’s composition must be rich like a gold-embroidered cloth, but also compact like a pattern.
[451] Conringius, De Antiquis Academiis, i. 17; Gothofredus, Ad Rescriptum Gratiani Anni 376; Ritter, Ad Cod. Theod. xiii. 3. 11.
[452] Scriptt. Hist. Aug. iii, ch. 11, ed. Peter.
[453] Euchar. 67.
[454] Prof. xxvi.
[455] Prof. xv.
[457] Ep. ix. 9. 15.
[458] Carm. xv. 41.—Cf. ii. 156 ff.
[459] Ep. iv. 1. 2.
[460] ‘Voluptuosissimum reputans si forte oborta quarumpiam quaestionum insolubilitate labyrinthica scientiae suae thesauri eventilarentur’, Ep. iv. 11.
[461] Ep. iv. 9. 1. Cf. iii. 6. 2 ‘Vos consectanei vestri Plotini dogmatibus inhaerentes ad profundum intempestivae quietis otium Platonicorum palaestra rapuisset’. Carm. xiv, Intro. ‘tibi et complatonicis tuis nota sunt’.
[462] Ep. ix. 9. 13.
[463] Hist. de la France mérid. i. 410.
[464] Carm. xiv, Intro.
[465] E. W. Watson, Hilary of Poitiers, p. iv (Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers).
[466] Ibid.
[467] Tac. Agr. 4.
[468] Puech, De Paulini Nolani Ausoniique Epistolarum Commercio.
[469] Eclog. ii.
[470] e.g. Prof. xxiii. 13 ‘sensus si manibus ullus’; xxvi. 7 ‘si qua functis cura viventum placet’.
[471] Carm. xiv, Intro., ‘Igitur, quoniam tui amoris studio inductus, homo Gallus scholae sophisticae intromisi materiam, vel te potissimum facti mei deprecatorem requiro’.
[472] ‘Lecturus es hic etiam novum verbum id est, essentiam; sed scias hoc ipsum dixisse Ciceronem’, Ibid.
[473] Jung, De Scholis Rom. in Gallia Comata, Paris, 1855, pp. 8 ff.
[474] Sat. vii. 147 and xv. 111.
[475] Toxaris, 24.
[476] Prof. xxvi.
[478] Hist. de la Gaule, i. 407. Of the state of Roman law in the fifth century and its relation to Christianity, Ozanam gives a fine but biased account, History of Civilization in the Fifth Century, i. 152 ff.
[480] Ibid. 465.
[481] Sidon. Ep. ii. 5; v. 1; viii. 1.
[482] Ep. viii. 69. Cf. v. 14 ‘Lectissimorum iuvenum Titiani atque Helpidi praeceptor adseruit ... esse in illis scientiam iuris idoneam nimis in omnes usus iudiciarii et forensis officii’.
[483] Ep. i. 6. 2.
[484] De Reditu, i. 77.
[485] Cf. De Reditu, ii. 55, 59 ‘Hic (Stilicho) immortalem, mortalem perculit ille (Nero)’.
[486] De Reditu, i. 134 ‘Solaque fatales non vereare colos’.
[487] Cf. i. 157 ‘Regerem cum iura Quirini’.
[488] De Reditu, i. 209. Cf. Aug. Confess. vi. 8 ‘Romam praecesserat ut ius disceret’.
[489] ‘Atque ut in eum perfectio literarum plena conflueret, post auditoria Gallicana intra urbem Romam iuris scientiam plenitudini perfectionis adiecit’, Vita S. Germani, Bolland, July, vii, p. 202. Cf. Cassiodor. Var. x. 7.
[490] Cf. Ritter, Comment. on Cod. Theod. xiv. 9. 1.
[491] His name is generally given as Mamertinus. He was probably a Gaul like the other panegyrists, for Gaul was the usual residence of Maximian at the time. § 9 shows that the orator is speaking in a northern province.
[492] Pan. Lat. xi. 9.
[493] De Scholis Rom. in Gallia Comata, p. 8.
[494] Cf. Fauriel, op. cit., i. 407.
[495] ‘Summa itaque ope et alacri studio has leges nostras accipite et vosmet ipsos sic eruditos ostendite ut spes vos pulcherrima foveat, toto legitimo opere perfecto, posse etiam nostram rempublicam in partibus eius vobis credendis gubernare’, Proem. Iustin. Instit., ed. Krueger, vol. i. Cf. Inst. ii. 7. 20 ff. Imperial titles reserved for advocates when they cease to practise, &c. For an account of the teaching of law see Modderman, Handboek voor het Romeinsch Recht (3rd ed.), i. 42, 60.