[1311] Ep. i. 2. 9.

[1312] Confess. ix. 6.

[1313] ‘In mari rubro transisse iustos, et Pharaonem cum suo exercitu demersum, etiam in scholis cantant parvuli’, Migne, xxiii; Adv. Iovianum, ii. 22.

[1314] Sid. Ep. iv. 11. 6.

[1315] ‘Alternante mulcedine monachi clericique psalmicines’, Ep. v. 17. 3.

[1316] Regula, Migne, lxxx. 213.

[1317] Comm. in Ep. ad Galat. ii, praef.

[1318] Vir. Illust., ch. 100. The common reference to this passage to prove that Hilary was the first to introduce hymns into Gaul is therefore not quite correct.

[1319] Vide Dreves, Lat. Hymnendichter des Mittelalters, p. 3.

[1320] Hilary, Homily on Psalms, 65, § 1; cf. Watson, Hilary of Poitiers, p. xlvi.

[1321] Hist. Univ. Par. i. 64. He was a teacher of boys. ‘Studebat ut omnes pueros ... statim litteras doceret ac psalmis imbueret’, Greg. Tur. Vitae Patrum, 8. 2; Migne, Pat. Lat. lxxi, 1042.

[1322] April 2, p. 95.

[1323] Ep. v. 17. 3.

[1324] Prof. xvii. 10.

[1325] Prof. i. 4.

[1326] Prof. xvi. 14 ff.

[1327] Prof. xix. 11.

[1328] Prof. xxii. 19.

[1329] Prof. xxiii. 6.

[1330] Prof. xiii.

[1331] Cod. Theod. xiii. 9. 1.

[1332] Ritter, Comment. on Cod. Theod. xiii. 9. 1.

[1333] xiv. 6: xxviii. 4.

[1334] Cf. Confess. v. 8 (14) ‘Apud Carthaginem foeda est et intemperans licentia scholasticorum: inrumpunt inpudenter et prope furiosa fronte perturbant ordinem, quem quisque discipulis ad proficiendum instituerit. Multai niuriosa faciunt mira hebetudine et punienda legibus....’ He complains that Carthage is much worse than Rome. The tradition of colonial rowdiness seems to have lasted to our own time.

[1335] C. I. L. xiii. 1. 1. 2040.

[1336] I owe this suggestion to the late Mr. H. J. Cunningham of Worcester College.

[1337] ‘Paucae domus studiorum seriis cultibus antea celebratae, nunc ludibriis ignaviae torpentis exundant, vocali sonu, perflabili tinnitu fidium resultantes. Denique pro philosopho cantor, et in locum oratoris doctor artium ludicrarum accitur’, xiv. 6. 18.

[1338] Ep. ii. 10; iv. 18; viii. 2.

[1339]

[1340] Epist. posterior doctissimo viro Sapaudo (Corp. Scriptt. Eccles. Lat. x. 203).

[1341] ‘Video enim os Romanum non modo neglegentiae sed pudori esse Romanis’, ibid.

[1342] Cf. the criticisms of education in Juvenal and Seneca (Ep. Mor. xv. 3. 23; Ep. lxxvi. 4; Ep. cviii. 6). To rant about education has been a temptation in all ages.

[1343] Cambridge Mediaeval History, i. 296.

[1344] Ibid. 392.

[1345] De Reditu, i. 21.

[1346] Ibid. i. 29 ff.

[1347] Carmen de Providentia Dei, 13; Migne, Pat. Lat. li. 618.

[1348] Ibid. 27.

[1349] Migne, li. 611, vs. 25.

[1350] Ibid., vs. 37 ff.

[1351] Commonitorii ii. 165 (Corp. Scriptt. Eccles. Lat. xvi. 234).

[1352] e.g. by Maximin towards the end of the third century, Pan. Lat. iii. 5.

[1353] Ammianus, xxviii. 2, 10.

[1354] Zosimus, vi. 2.

[1355] Salvian, De Gub. v. 6, 24.

[1356] Ep. vi. 4. 1, A.D. 472.

[1357] Ep. vi. 6. 1, A.D. 472. Cf. Ep. vii. 10. 2, A.D. 474 ‘Si commeandi libertas pace revocetur’, and Ep. vii. 11. 1.

[1358] Ep. vi. 10. 1, A.D. 473.

[1359] Ep. ix. 3. 2. Cf. Ep. ix. 5. 1.

[1360] Ep. vii. 1.

[1361] ‘Nam idcirco tantum incommodis calamitatum circumecribendis potius quam sanandis pax quaedam videtur adludere, ut mentes fallaci securitate laxatas, instaurato gravius metu succiduus gemitus adficiat’, Ep. ad Diversos, xxxvii, ed. Peiper.

[1362] Hist. of Europe in the Fifth Century, p. 27.

[1363] Ad Uxorem, 7; Migne, li. 611.

[1364] De Prov. Dei, Migne, li. 618.

[1365] Ibid.

[1366] Guizot, Hist. of Civilization (trans. Hazlitt), i. 439.

[1367] De Reditu, ii. 49.

[1368] Salvian, De Gub. v. 24 ‘De Bagaudis nunc mihi sermo est qui per malos iudices et cruentos spoliati afflicti necati, postquam ius Romanae libertatis omiserant, etiam honorem Romani nominis perdiderunt ... vocamus rebelles, vocamus perditos quos esse compulimus criminosos’. Salvian was a preacher and loved vividness. But, as Hodgkin remarks (I. i. 2, pp. 920 ff.), he was a truthful man, and had an enthusiasm for justice, and as such he saw that there was much to be said on the anti-Roman side. Cf. ‘... inciperent esse quasi barbari, quia non permittebantur esse Romani’.

[1369] Pichon, Études sur la Litt. lat. i. 55.

[1370] Sidon. Ep. ii. 10. 1; iv. 17. 2.

[1371] Letter to Philip, 5, 10; Murray, Religio Grammatici, p. 18.

[1372] ‘Der Endzweck der Wissenschaften ist Wahrheit. Wahrheit ist der Seele nothwendig, und es wird Tyrannei, ihr in Befriedigung dieses wesentlichen Bedürfnisses den geringsten Zwang anzuthun.’

[1373] ‘Et ideo ego adolescentulos existimo in scholis stultissimos fieri, quia nihil ex iis quae in usu habemus aut audiunt aut vident’, Satyr. i. 1 and 2.

[1374] Aphthon. Progym. 4. 10.

[1375] Ibid. 7.

[1376] Ibid. 12.

[1377] Ep. xxii.

[1378] Ep. xiii. 6 ff.

[1379] Ep. xv. 24 ff. Cf. his trifling with Greek words, Ep. viii.

[1380] Ep. viii. 11. 5.

[1381] Ep. ix. 14. 4.

[1382] Ep. ix. 7. 2.

[1383] Professores, Epitaphia, Ludus, Caesares, Periochae, &c.

[1384] Eclogae, Cupido, Technopaegnion, Griphus, Cento, &c.

[1385] Cf. Sid. Ep. iv. 22. 2 ‘et ego Plinio discipulus assurgo’.

[1386] Ep. i. 1. 2.

[1387] Cf. Baret’s ed., p. 115.

[1388] Ep. iv. 3. 3.

[1389] Ep. iv. 22. 6.

[1390] ‘Quisquis enim recentiorum aliquid dignum memoria scriptitavit, non et ipse novitios legit. Illi ergo reventilandi memoriaeque mandandi sunt de quibus isti potuere proficere quos miramur’, Ep. Posterior (Corp. Scriptt. Eccles. Lat., vol. x, p. 206).

[1391] See especially Brandt, Eumenius von Augustodunum, pp. 18, 19. Cf. Pichon, Études sur la Litt. lat. i. 36 ff.

[1392] It must be remembered, however, that the ‘litterati’ of the day very often posed as familiar with authors whom they only knew from extracts or anthologies. The rarer authors here prescribed were known, probably, only in this superficial way.

[1393] Cf. Wackernagel in Kultur der Gegenwart, i. 8. 389.

[1394] Jer. Ep. 125. 6.

[1395] Sidonius gives as the special mark of the grammarian his love of rule (regulare), Ep. iv. 1. 2.

[1396] ‘Ambrosio et Beato’ (Corp. Scriptt. Eccles. Lat., vol. vi, p. 408).

[1397] Cf. Aulus Gellius, N. A. i. 6. 4 ‘Rhetori concessum est sententiis uti falsis, audacibus, versutis, subdolis, captiosis, si veri modo similes sint....’

[1398] Ozanam, Hist. of Civil. in the Fifth Century, i. 3.

[1399] Cf. Rocafort, Paulin de Pella, p. xl; Ebert, Geschichte der Litteratur des Mittelalters, p. 409.

[1400] Praef. § 1 ‘me scilicet totam vitam meam deo debere’; Euchar. 590 ff. ‘hoc unum ipse bonum statuens, hoc esse tenendum conscius, hoc toto cupiens adquirere corde.... Te praefando loqui, Te meminisse silendo’.

[1401] De Prov. 935; Migne, li. 618.

[1402] Ibid. 941.

[1403] Ibid. 958.

[1404] Migne, li. 611.

[1405] Ep. vii. 13.

[1406] Ep. 60; Migne, xxii. 600 ‘Orbis Romanus ruit et tamen cervix nostra erecta non flectitur’.

[1407] De Doctrina.

[1408] Ibid. iv. 2.

[1409] Confess. iii. 6.

[1410] ‘Ne ulterius pueri meditantes ... insanias mendaces et bella forensia mercarentur ex ore meo arma furori suo’, ibid. ix. 2.

[1411] Prin. Rhet. i.; Migne, xxxii. 1439 ‘Oratoris officium est ... primum ipsam (quaestionem) intellegere’. Cf. De Ordine, ii. 17, talking of barbarisms and solecisms of which he confesses he himself may be guilty, he says to his mother: ‘sed tu, contemptis istis vel puerilibus rebus vel ad te non pertinentibus, ita grammaticae divinam fere vim naturamque cognoscis ut eius animam tenuisse, corpus reliquisse disertis videaris’.

[1412] Ibid., ch. 2. Cf. Isidore of Seville, Etymol. ii. 1 ‘Rhetorica est scientia ... ad persuadenda iusta et bona’. Migne, lxxxii. 125.

[1413] ‘Hic est ordo studiorum sapientiae per quem fit quisque idoneus ad intelligendum ordinem rerum, id est, ad dignoscendos duos mundos et ipsum parentem Universitatis’, De Ord. ii. 18. Cf. i. 9; ii. 16.

[1414] De Schol. Rom., p. 43.

[1415] Chron. Ler. ii. 57; Migne, l. 718.

[1416] Phaedo, 66 C.