The following list is intended to serve partly by way of explanation of the references contained in the text and notes, and partly as a guide to the literature of the subject. Nothing, however, is here attempted save a selection of the more important works which bear with more or less directness upon the abstract theory of the law. Many of them are primarily ethical or political, rather than legal, and of those which are strictly legal, many are devoted to some special branch of law rather than to general theory. But all of them are relevant, in whole or in part, to the subject-matter of this work. The editions mentioned are those to which the references in the text and notes relate, and are not invariably the latest.
Ahrens.—Cours de Droit Naturel, ou de Philosophie du Droit. 8th ed. 1892, Paris. (A good example of the modern Continental literature of Natural Law.)
Amos.—The Science of Jurisprudence, 1872. The Science of Law, 6th ed. 1885.
Anson, Sir W. R.—Principles of the English Law of Contract. 13th ed. 1912.
Aquinas, St. Thomas.—Tractatus de Legibus and Tractatus de Justitia et Jure, included in his Summa Theologiae.
(The scholastic philosophy of the Middle Ages included within its scope the more abstract portions of juridical science, and the legal and ethical doctrines of the schoolmen found their most authoritative expression in the above-mentioned work of Aquinas in the thirteenth century.)
Arndts.—Juristische Encyklopädie und Methodologie. 9th ed. Stuttgart, 1895. Lehrbuch der Pandekten. 14th ed. Stuttgart, 1889.
Austin.—Lectures on Jurisprudence or the Philosophy of Positive Law. 5th ed. 1885.
Abridgement by Campbell for the use of Students. 9th ed. 1895.
The Austinian Theory of Law, by Professor W. J. Brown. An edition of the more essential portions of Austin’s work, with notes and excursus by the editor. 1906.
(Almost unknown, and entirely unhonoured on the Continent, Austin’s work has had immense influence in England, and he is the founder of a distinct school of juridical speculation.)
Baudry-Lacantinerie.—Traité Théorique et Pratique de Droit Civil. Paris, 1895—.
(A series of commentaries on French law by various writers.)
Beccaria.—Dei Delitti e delle Pene. (Crimes and Punishments.) 1764. Engl. transl. by Farrer, 1880.
Bentham.—The Principles of Morals and Legislation. Clarendon Press ed. 1879.
Theory of Legislation. Translated from the French of Dumont, by Hildreth. 8th ed. 1894.
A Fragment on Government. Ed. by Montague, 1891. Oxford.
Collected Works. Edited by Bowring, 11 vols., 1843.
Bierling.—Juristische Prinzipienlehre. 1894.
Birkmeyer.—Encyklopädie der Rechtswissenschaft. 1901, Berlin.
Blackstone, Sir William.—Commentaries on the Laws of England. 4 vols. 1765–1769.
Bluntschli.—Allgemeine Staatslehre. (Engl. transl. The Theory of the State, 2nd ed. 1895, Oxford.)
Bodin.—De la République, 1576. Latin version, De Republica, 1586.
(A work of great influence and celebrity in its day. Bodin may be regarded as one of the founders of the political science of modern times.)
Bracton.—De Legibus Angliae.
(One of the earliest of English legal treatises, dating from the reign of Henry III. Printed in 1569. Edited, with translation, by Twiss, in the Rolls Series, but in a manner very discreditable to English scholarship.)
Brown.—The Austinian Theory of Law. 1906.
Bruns.—Das Recht des Besitzes in Mittelalter und in der Gegenwart. Tübingen, 1848.
Bryce.—Studies in History and Jurisprudence. 1901, Oxford, 2 vols.
Burlamaqui.—Principes du Droit de la Nature et des Gens. 1766. Edited by Dupin, 1820, Paris, 5 vols.
C.—The Code of the Emperor Justinian.
(A collection of the statute law of the Roman Empire, made by order of Justinian, A.D. 534, and forming one portion of the Corpus Juris Civilis.)
Clark, E. C.—Practical Jurisprudence; a Comment on Austin. Cambridge, 1883.
Analysis of Criminal Liability. Cambridge, 1880.
Co. Litt.—Coke’s Commentary upon Littleton.
Cosack.—Lehrbuch des deutschen bürgerlichen Rechts. 2 vols. Jena, 1901.
D.—The Digest or Pandects of the Emperor Justinian.
(A compilation of extracts from the writings of the chief Roman lawyers, made by order of Justinian, A.D. 533, as part of the Corpus Juris Civilis.)
Dernburg.—Pandekten. 3 vols. 6th ed. 1900, Berlin.
(This is one of the best examples of the German works on Pandektenrecht, that is to say, the modern Roman law which was in force as the common law of Germany until superseded by the recent Codes.)
Das bürgerliche Recht des Deutschen Reichs. 3 vols. 1901.
Franck.—Réformateurs et Publicistes de l’Europe. 3 vols. 1864, 1881, 1893, Paris.
Philosophie du Droit Civil. Paris, 1886.
Philosophie du Droit Pénal. Paris, 4th ed. 1893.
French Codes.—Codes et Lois Usuelles; edited by Roger and Sorel. Paris.
Fustel de Coulanges.—La Cité Antique. Paris, 15th ed. 1895.
Gaius.—Institutiones.
(An institutional compendium of Roman law by a jurist of the second century of the Christian era. It is of great value as the chief source of our knowledge of the earlier law of Rome.)
Gareis.—Rechts-Encyklopädie. 2nd ed. 1900, Giessen. English translation by Kocourek, Introduction to the Science of Law. Boston, 1911.
German Civil Code.—Das bürgerliche Gesetzbuch.
(A codification of the civil law of the German Empire, which came into force in 1900. French trans. by Grasserie, Code Civil Allemand, Paris, 1901.)
German Criminal Code.—Das Strafgesetzbuch für das Deutsche Reich, 1872. Annotated edition by Oppenhoff, 1896, Berlin.
Gierke.—Deutsches Privatrecht. 2 vols. 1895–1905. Leipzig.
(The First Book or General Part of this work contains an admirable exposition of the first principles of legal theory.)
Girard.—Manuel Elémentaire de Droit Romain. 2nd ed. 1898, Paris.
Goadby.—Introduction to the Study of the Law. 1910.
Graham.—English Political Philosophy. 1899.
Gray, J. C.—The Nature and Sources of the Law. New York, 1909.
Green, T. H.—Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation. (Collected Works, vol. ii. 3rd ed. 1893.)
Grotius.—De Jure Belli ac Pacis, 1625. Edited, with English translation, by Whewell. Cambridge, 3 vols.
(Grotius confines his attention for the most part to international law, of which he was one of the founders. This work, however, is not without importance with respect to the theory of civil law also.)
Hearn.—The Theory of Legal Duties and Rights. 1883, Melbourne.
Heron.—Introduction to the History of Jurisprudence, 1860.
Hobbes.—Leviathan; or the Matter, Form, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil. 1651. (English Works, edited by Molesworth, vol. iii. Published separately, Cambridge University Press, 1904.)
De Cive. 1642. (Latin Works, edited by Molesworth. Vol. ii.)
Holdsworth.—History of English Law. 3 vols. 1903–1909.
Holland.—Elements of Jurisprudence. 11th ed. 1910, Oxford.
Holmes, O. W.—The Common Law. 1887.
Holtzendorff.—Encyklopädie der Rechtswissenschaft. 6th ed. 1904, Berlin.
Hooker.—Ecclesiastical Polity. Book I. 1594. (Works in 3 vols. 1888, Oxford.)
(Remarkable as the first adequate presentation in the English language of the abstract theory of law. Hooker’s doctrine is essentially that of the scholastic philosophy.)
Hunter.—A Systematic and Historical Exposition of Roman Law; with an historical Introduction by A. F. Murison. 4th ed. 1904.
Ihering.—Geist des römischen Rechts. 3 vols. 5th ed. 1891, Leipzig.
French translation by Meulenaere, L’Esprit du Droit Romain, 4 vols. 1877.
Der Zweck im Recht. 2 vols. 3rd ed. 1893, Leipzig. French translation by Meulenaere, L’Evolution du Droit. 1901.
Grund des Besitzesschutzes. 2nd ed. 1869, Jena.
Der Besitzwille. 1889, Jena.
Inst. Just.—The Institutes of the Emperor Justinian.
(A text-book of Roman law for the use of students, compiled by order of Justinian, A.D. 533, and forming part of the Corpus Juris Civilis.)
Italian Civil Code.—French trans. by Prudhomme. Paris, 1896.
Italian Penal Code.—French trans. by Turrel. Paris, 1890.
Janet.—Histoire de la Science Politique. 2 vols. 3rd ed. 1887, Paris.
Jellinek.—Allgemeine Staatslehre. 1900. Berlin. (The first volume of Das Recht des modernen Staates.)
Kant.—Rechtslehre. 1796. English translation by Hastie, Kant’s Philosophy of Law, 1887.
(With Kant, jurisprudence fell for the first time into the hands of the metaphysicians, and this union of law and metaphysics has since characterised a considerable portion of German juridical literature.)
Kenny.—Outlines of Criminal Law, 4th ed. 1909.
Korkunov.—The General Theory of Law. Translated from the Russian by W. G. Hastings. Boston, 1909.
L.Q.R.—Law Quarterly Review. London, 1885–.
L.R.—The Law Reports, from 1865 onwards.
Q.B. or K.B.—Reports of cases decided in the Court of Queen’s Bench or the Queen’s (or King’s) Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. Thus L.R. 10 Q.B. 27, is the 10th volume of the Queen’s Bench Law Reports; and (1900) 1 Q.B. 27, is the first volume of the Queen’s Bench Reports for the year 1900.
Ch. D.—Reports of cases in the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice.
A.C.—Appeal Cases, i.e., reports of cases in the House of Lords and Privy Council.
C.P. or C.P.D.—Reports of cases in the Court of Common Pleas, or the Common Pleas Division of the High Court.
Ex. or Ex.D.—Reports of cases in the Court of Exchequer, or the Exchequer Division of the High Court.
Lea.—Superstition and Force. 4th ed. Philadelphia, 1892.
Lee.—Historical Jurisprudence; an Introduction to the Systematic Study of the Development of Law. 1900.
Lightwood.—A Treatise on Possession of Land. 1894.
The Nature of Positive Law. 1883.
Lindley, Lord.—An Introduction to the Study of Jurisprudence. 1855.
(A translation, with copious notes, of the General Part of Thibaut’s Pandektenrecht.)
Locke.—Two Treatises on Civil Government. 1690.
Lorimer.—The Institutes of Law; a Treatise of the Principles of Jurisprudence as determined by Nature. 2nd ed. 1880.
Maine, Sir Henry.—Ancient Law. 1861; edited with introduction and notes by Sir F. Pollock. 1906.
The Early History of Institutions. 1875. Early Law and Custom. 1883.
(Sir Henry Maine is a leading representative in England of the scientific treatment of legal conceptions in respect of their origin and historical development.)
Markby, Sir W.—Elements of Law. 6th ed. 1905, Oxford.
Merkel.—Lehrbuch des Deutschen Strafrechts. 1889, Stuttgart.
Merriam.—History of the Theory of Sovereignty since Rousseau. New York, 1899.
Miller.—The Data of Jurisprudence. Edinburgh. 1903.
Montesquieu.—L’Esprit des Lois. 1748.
Moyle, J. B.—Imperatoris Justiniani Institutionum Libri Quattuor; with Introductions, Commentary, and Excursus. Oxford, 5th ed. 1913.
Muirhead.—Historical Introduction to the Private Law of Rome. 2nd ed. 1899.
Pollock, Sir F.—First Book of Jurisprudence. 2nd ed. 1904.
Essays in Jurisprudence and Ethics. 1882. Introduction to the History of the Science of Politics. 1897.
Pollock and Wright.—Possession in the Common Law. 1888.
Pollock and Maitland.—The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1895. 2nd ed. 1898.
Pothier.—Works, 10 vols. ed. by Bugnet. 3rd ed. 1890, Paris.
(Pothier, ob. 1772, is one of the most celebrated of French lawyers. His admirably lucid and methodical expositions of Roman-French law are the source of great part of the Codes prepared in France at the beginning of the 19th century and still in force there.)
Puchta.—Cursus der Institutionen. 10th ed. 1893, 2 vols. Leipzig.
(A treatise of Roman law. Puchta, ob. 1846, was one of the leading representatives of the Historical School of German Jurisprudence, and the introductory portion of this work is of importance as setting forth the abstract theory of law as understood by that school. This portion is translated by Hastie, Outlines of the Science of Jurisprudence, 1887, Edinburgh.)
Pufendorf.—De Jure Naturae et Gentium. 1672. English trans. by Kennet, 1729:—The Law of Nature and Nations.
(This is one of the earliest and most celebrated examples of a form of literature which was once of considerable repute and importance, but has now all but disappeared, namely, Natural Jurisprudence, or the Theory of Natural Law and Justice.)
Pulszky.—The Theory of Law and Civil Society. 1888, London.
Rattigan, Sir W. H.—The Science of Jurisprudence. 3rd ed. 1909.
Regelsberger.—Pandekten. Vol. i. 1903.
Rehm.—Allgemeine Staatslehre. 1899, Freiburg.
Ritchie.—Natural Rights; a Criticism of some Political and Ethical Conceptions. 1895.
Rousseau.—Du Contrat Social; ou Principes du Droit Politique. 1762.
Saleilles.—De la Déclaration de Volonté. 1901.
De la Possession des Meubles. 1907. De la Personnalité Juridique. 1910.
Savigny.—System des heutigen römischen Rechts. 1840–1849. French translation by Guenoux, Traité de Droit Romain. 8 vols.
Das Obligationenrecht. 1851–1853. French translation by Gérardin and Jozon, Le Droit des Obligations. 2 vols. 2nd ed. 1873.
Das Recht des Besitzes. 1803. English translation by Perry, Von Savigny’s Treatise on Possession. 1848.
Schmidt.—Allgemeine Staatslehre. 1901, Leipzig.
Select Essays in Anglo-American Legal History.—By various authors. Edited by a Committee of the Association of American Law Schools. 3 vols. 1907–1909.
Sidgwick, H.—Elements of Politics. 2nd ed. 1897.
Spencer, Herbert.—Principles of Sociology. Vol. ii. Part V. Political Institutions. 3rd ed. 1893.
Principles of Ethics. Vol. ii. Part IV. Justice. 1893.
Spinoza.—Tractatus Politicus. 1677, posthumous.
(Works edited by Van Vloten and Land. 3 vols. English translation by Elwes. 2nd ed. 1889.)
Stephen, Sir J. F.—History of the Criminal Law of England. 3 vols. 1883.
General View of the Criminal Law. 2nd ed. 1890.
Street.—Foundations of Legal Liability. 3 vols. 1906, New York.
Suarez.—De Legibus et de Deo Legislatore. 1613.
(Suarez was a Spanish Jesuit of the sixteenth century. In this work he sums up, with the greatest completeness and elaboration, the scholastic doctrine of the law.)
Tarde.—Les Transformations du Droit. 2nd ed. 1894. Paris.
La Philosophie Pénale. 5th ed. 1900. Paris.
Terry.—Leading Principles of Anglo-American Law. 1884, Philadelphia.
(A treatise of Theoretical Jurisprudence.)
Thomasius, C.—Institutionum Jurisprudentiae Divinae Libri Tres. 1687.
Fundamenta Juris Naturae et Gentium. 1705.
(Thomasius is chiefly noteworthy as the originator of that distinction between natural jurisprudence, or the science of justice strictly so called, and ethics or the science of virtue, which was subsequently adopted by Kant, and through his influence became a characteristic feature of Continental doctrine.)
Vangerow.—Lehrbuch der Pandekten. 3 vols. 7th ed. 1876, Leipzig.
Windscheid.—Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts. 3 vols. 8th ed. 1900. Frankfurt.
(Windscheid was one of the most distinguished of the German exponents of modern Roman law, and this work is an admirable example of the scientific study of a legal system.)
Woolsey.—Political Science or the State. 2 vols. 1877.
Y.B.—The Year Books, viz., the early Law Reports from the reign of Edward I. to that of Henry VIII. The Year Books of Edward I. and some others are published with a translation in the Rolls Series; others by the Selden Society. The rest are to be found in a black letter folio edition of 1678.