1904. The Insect-Galls of the Vicinity of N. Y. City. Am. Mus. Jour., Vol. IV, pp. 89-124.

A descriptive illustrated catalogue. Beutenmüller has published several important papers on galls in the Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. History.

Adler, H. (Trans. by C. R. Straton.)

1894. Alternating Generations. A Bibliogical Study of Oak Galls and Gall Flies. pp. 198. Oxford.

Cook, M. T.

1905. The Insect Galls of Indiana. Twenty-ninth Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Natural Resources of Indiana, 1904, pp. 801-867.

Descriptive illustrated catalogue.

Houard, C.

1908-1909. Les Zoocécidies des Plantes d’Europe et du Bassin de la Méditerranée. Tome I, pp. 569; II, pp. 573-1247. Paris.

Kirchner, O. von.

1911. Blumen und Insekten, ihre Anpassungen aneinander und ihre Gegenseitige Abhängigkeit. pp. 436. Leipzig.

Küster, E.

1911. Die Gallen der Pflanzen. Ein Lehrbuch für Botaniker und Entomologen. pp. 437. Leipzig.

Ross, H.

1911. Die Pflanzengallen (Cecidien) Mittel- und Nord-Europas ihre Erreger und Biologie und Bestimmungstabellen. pp. 350. Jena.

b. Subterranean and Cave Associations

Banta, A. M.

1907. The Fauna of Mayfield’s Cave. Carnegie Inst. Pub. No. 67. pp. 114.

The cave environment, the vital optimum, and the food relations are discussed. A valuable paper.

Blatchley, W. S.

1896. Indiana Caves and their Fauna. Twenty-first Ann. Rep. Geol. and Natural Resources of Indiana, pp. 121-212.

Dendy, A.

1896. The Cryptozoic Fauna of Australasia. Austr. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1895, pp. [1-21].

On animals living under stones, logs, and bark of trees.

Diem, K.

1903. Untersuchungen über die Bodenfauna in den Alpen. Jahrb. d. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Gesellsch. f. 1901-1902, pp. 234-414.

Hamann, O.

1896. Europäische Höhlenfauna. Eine Darstellung der in den Höhlen Europas lebenden Tierwelt mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Höhlenfauna Krains. pp. 296. Jena.

Motter, M. G.

1898. A Contribution to the Study of the Fauna of the Grave. A Study of One Hundred and Fifty Disinterments, with Some Additional Experimental Observations. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. VI, pp. 201-231.

A list of invertebrates, snails, crustacea, insects, etc., found in graves. Table compiled from Megnin shows the kinds of animals which invade bodies at the different stages of decay. This is a form of succession comparable to the changes in the animals living in a log at different stages of decay.

Packard, A. S.

1888. The Cave Fauna of North America, with Remarks on the Anatomy of the Brain and Origin of the Blind Species. Memoirs Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, pp. 1-156.

Monographic treatment; extensive references to literature.

Scott, W.

1909. An Ecological Study of the Plankton of Shawnee Cave. With Notes on the Cave Environment. Biol. Bull., Vol. XVII, pp. 386-406.

c. Selected References on Aggregations and Associations

Adams, Chas. C.

1909. The Coleoptera of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, and their Relation to the North American Centers of Dispersal. Ann. Rep. Mich. Geol. Surv. for 1908, pp. 157-215.

On pp. 159-163 the habitats and succession of beetles are briefly discussed.

1909. Notes on Isle Royale Mammals and their Ecological Relations. Ibid., pp. 389-422.

Brief mention of mammal associations and successions, pp. 390-393.

Antipa, G.

1912. Die Biologie des Inundationsgebietes der unteren Donau und des Donaudeltas. Verhand. VIII. Inter. Zoöl.-Kongresses zu Graz, 1910, pp.163-208.

Description of the biological conditions on the flooded lower Danube and its delta.

Baker, H. B.

1911. Mollusca. pp. 121-176. In A Biological Survey of the Sand Dune Region on the South Shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Ann. Rep. Mich. Board of Geol. and Biol. Survey for 1910. Lansing.

Rather full notes on mollusca, grouped by habitats.

Chapman, F. M.

1909. The Habitat Groups of North American Birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Am. Mus. Nat. His., Guide Leaflet No. 28. pp. 48.

A descriptive illustrated account of the remarkable habitat exhibits in the museum. The most remarkable series of its kind in existence. An excellent example of the educational value of ecological ideas.

Dahl, F.

1896. Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Lebensweise wirbelloser Aasfresser. Sitzungsber. d. K. Akad. Wissen. Berlin, 1896. I, pp. 17-30.

A study of carrion-feeding insects by the trapping method. The kinds of insects attracted change with the stage of decay. There is thus a succession. Compare with Moffat’s studies (1898).

Gates, F. C.

1911. Summer-bird Life in the Vicinity of Havana, Illinois, in its Relation to the Prominent Plant Associations. Wilson Bulletin, Vol. XXIII, No. 74, pp. 1-27.

One of the relatively few associational studies of birds.

Girod, P.

1891. Les Sociétés chez les Animaux. pp. 342. Paris.

Gleason, H. A.

1909. The Ecological Relations of the Invertebrate Fauna of Isle Royale, Michigan. Ann. Rep. Mich. Geo. Surv. for 1908, pp. 57-78.

Grabau, A. U.

1898. Zoölogy: Marine Invertebrates, pp. 67-96. Grabau, A. W., and Woodman, J. E. (editors). Guide to Localities Illustrating the Geology, Marine Zoölogy, and Botany of the Vicinity of Boston. Salem, Mass.

Hart, C. A., and Gleason, H. A.

1907. On the Biology of the Sand Areas of Illinois. Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. VII, pp. 137-272.

Insect associations are discussed on pp. 220-227. Habitats are figured, and associated plants and animals are listed.

Fig. 7.—A deciduous forest (original) as an animal habitat. The Brownfield woods, Urbana, Illinois. Photo. by H. C. Chenoweth.

Hankinson, T. L.

1910. Ecological Notes on the Fishes of Walnut Lake, Michigan. Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc., 1910, pp. 195-206.

One of the few papers dealing with the fish associations in a lake.

1910. An Ecological Study of the Fish of a Small Stream. Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci., Vol. III, pp. 23-31.

Herms, W. B.

1907. An Ecological and Experimental Study of Sarcophagidæ with Relation to Lake Beach Débris. Jour. Exper. Zoöl., Vol. IV, pp. 45-83.

Jordan, H.

1883. Die Binnenmollusken der nördlich gemässigten Länder von Europa und Asien und der Arktischen Länder. Nova Acta der Ksl. Leop.-Carol.-Deutschen Akad. der Naturf., Bd. XLV, Nr. 4, pp. 181-402. Halle.

On pp. 201-253 there are many observations on molluskan ecology, including habitats, table of habitats of freshwater mollusks, and important observations on habitat variations or forms. Most of the paper is devoted to geographic problems.

Kofoid, C. A.

1903. The Plankton of the Illinois River, 1894-1899, with Introductory Notes upon the Hydrography of the Illinois River and its Basin. Part I, Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. VI, pp. 95-629.

The results of a prolonged, detailed study of the Illinois River plankton; capable of an associational interpretation.

Lintner, J. A.

1878. Report on the Insects and Other Animal Forms of Caledonia Creek, New York. Tenth Ann. Rep. N. Y. Fishery Comm. for 1877, pp. 12-36.

One of the relatively few studies of the animals of a small stream; a census rather than an ecological study.

McCreary, O.

1909. The Ecological Distribution of the Birds of Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Ann. Rep. Mich. Geol. Surv. for 1908, pp. 81-95.

Habitat preferences of birds.

Morse, A. P.

1904. Researches on North American Acridiidæ. Carnegie Inst., Pub. 18. pp. 55.

Associational groupings of the short-horned grasshoppers, with figures of habitats.

Ruthven, A. G.

1907. A Collection of Reptiles and Amphibians from Southern New Mexico and Arizona. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXIII, pp. 483-603.

Discusses the associations, habitats, and food of the desert species.

Scott, W.

1910. The Fauna of a Solution Pond. Proc. Ind. Acad. Science for 1910, pp. 395-442.

Includes a discussion of their interrelations.

Simroth, H.

1891. Die Entstehung der Landtiere. Ein Biologische Versuch. pp. 492. Leipzig.

Steuer, A.

1910. Planktonkunde. pp. 723. Leipzig.

A general treatise on plankton.

Watson, J. R.

1911. A Contribution to the Study of the Ecological Distribution of the Animal Life of North Central New Mexico with Especial Attention to the Insects. First Ann. Rep. New Mexico Nat. Resource and Conserv. Comm., pp. 67-117.

Description, lists, and observations on the animal and plant associations of the arid region.

Wheeler, W. M.

1905. An Annotated List of the Ants of New Jersey. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXI, pp. 371-403.

Ants grouped in the following associations: woodland, glade, field, meadow, heath, and sand.

1908. Comparative Ethology of the European and North American Ants. Jour. für Psychol. und Neurol., Bd. XIII, pp. 404-435. (Festschrift Forel.)

Wickham, H. F.

1903. The Beetles of an Oregon Beach. Ottawa Naturalist, Vol. XVII, pp. 49-52.