AMERICAN POLITICS.

BOOK V.
TABULATED HISTORY OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT.

ESTIMATE of VALUES of FOREIGN COINS.

Country. Monetary unit. Standard Value in United States money. Standard coin
Austria Florin Silver $0 40.6  
Belgium Franc Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, and 20 francs.
Bolivia Boliviano Silver 82.3 Boliviano.
Brazil Milreis of 1,000 reis Gold 54.6  
British Possessions in North America. Dollar do 1 00  
Chili Peso Gold and silver 91.2 Condor, doubloon, and escudo.
Cuba do do 93.2 ¹⁄₁₆, ⅛, ¼, ½, and 1 doubloon.
Denmark Crown Gold 26.8 10 and 20 crowns.
Ecuador Peso Silver 82.3 Peso.
Egypt Piaster Gold 04.9 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 piasters.
France Franc Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, and 20 francs.
Great Britain Pound Sterling Gold 4 86.6½ ½ sovereign and sovereign.
Greece Drachma Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 drachmas.
German Empire Mark Gold 23.8 5, 10, and 20 marks.
Hayti Gourde Gold and silver 96.5 1, 2, 5, and 10 gourdes.
India Rupee of 16 annas Silver 39  
Italy Lira Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 lire.
Japan Yen Silver 88.7 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen; gold and silver yen.
Liberia Dollar Gold 1 00  
Mexico do Silver 89.4 Peso or dollar 5, 10, 25, and 50 centavo.
Netherlands Florin Gold and silver 40.2  
Norway Crown Gold 26.8 10 and 20 crowns.
Peru Sol Silver 82.3 Sol.
Portugal Milreis of 1,000 reis Gold 1 08 2, 5, and 10 milreis.
Russia Rouble of 100 copecks Silver 65.8 ¼, ½, and 1 rouble.
Sandwich Islands Dollar Gold 1 00  
Spain Peseta of 100 centimes Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 60, and 100 pesetas.
Sweden Crown Gold 26.8 10 and 20 crowns.
Switzerland Franc Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, and 20 francs.
Tripoli Mahbub of 20 piasters Silver 74.3  
Turkey Piaster Gold 04.4 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 piasters.
United States of Colombia Peso Silver 82.3 Peso.
Venezuela Bolivar Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Bolivar.

INTEREST LAWS OF ALL THE STATES AND TERRITORIES IN THE UNITED STATES.

STATES & TERRITORIES. PENALTY OF USURY. LEGAL. SPECIAL.
       
Alabama Loss of interest 8%  
Arizona No penalty 10 No limit.
Arkansas Forfeiture of principal and interest 6 No limit.
California No penalty 10 No limit.
Colorado No penalty 10 No limit.
Connecticut Forfeiture of all interest 6 No limit.
Dakota Forfeiture of contract 7 18%
Delaware Forfeiture of contract 6 6
District of Columbia Forfeiture of all interest 6 10
Florida No penalty 8 No limit.
Georgia Forfeiture of excess 7 12
Idaho[105] $300 fine, or imprisonment six months, or both 10 24
Illinois Forfeiture of all interest 6 8
Indiana Forfeiture of interest and costs 6 10
Iowa Forfeiture of interest and costs 6 10
Kansas Forfeiture of excess over 12% 7 12
Kentucky Forfeiture of all interest 6 8
Louisiana Forfeiture of interest 5 8
Maine No penalty 6 No limit.
Maryland Forfeiture of excess 6 6
Massachusetts No penalty; 6% on judgments 6 No limit.
Michigan Forfeiture of excess 7 10
Minnesota Forfeiture of excess over 7% 7 12
Mississippi No penalty 6 No limit.
Missouri Forfeiture of all interest 6 10
Montana No penalty 10  
Nebraska Forfeiture of all interest and costs 10 12
Nevada No penalty 10 No limit.
New Hampshire Forfeit of three times interest received 6 6
New Jersey Forfeit of all interest 6 7
New Mexico No penalty 6 12
New York[106] Forfeiture of contract 7 7
North Carolina Forfeiture of double amount of principal, and $1,000 fine 6% 8%
Ohio Forfeiture of excess 6 8
Oregon Forfeiture of principal, interest and costs 10 12
Pennsylvania Forfeiture of excess, Act of 1858 6 6
Rhode Island[107] Forfeiture, unless by contract 6 No limit.
South Carolina No penalty 7 No limit.
Tennessee Forfeiture of over 6%, and $100 fine 6 10
Texas No penalty 8 12
Utah No penalty 10 7
Vermont Forfeit of excess on Railroad Bonds only 6  
Virginia Forfeit of excess. No corporation can plead usury 6 No limit.
Washington Territory No penalty 10 6
West Virginia Forfeit of excess 6 6
Wisconsin Forfeit of all interest 7 10
Wyoming Territory No penalty 10 No limit.

AGGREGATE ISSUES OF PAPER MONEY IN WAR TIMES.

The following table exhibits the amount per capita issued of the Continental money, the French assignats, the Confederate currency, and the legal-tender greenbacks and National bank notes of the United States.

POPULATION. AMOUNT ISSUED. AMOUNT PER HEAD.
Continental money 3,000,000 in 1780. $359,546,825 $119.84
French assignats 26,500,000 (France in 1790). 9,115,600,000 343.98
Confederate currency 9,103,332 (11 Confederate States, 1860). 654,465,963 71.89
Greenbacks and National bank notes 31,443,321 (United States in 1860). 750,820,228 23.87
Highest amount in circulation, Jan. ’66   750,820,228  

ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS